基于智能控制技术的铅酸蓄电池充电设备的研究
|
摘要
蓄电池的智能充电技术是蓄电池行业广泛关注的课题,是影响充电质量及电池寿命的关键因素之一,相关技术的研究具有很高的实用价值。本文针对铅酸蓄电池的大容量智能充电技术开展研究工作,主要包括蓄电池充电方法比较选择,充电过程控制算法的研究以及充电装置的设计。
论文在对蓄电池快速充电原理和各种充电方法比较研究的基础上,提出了具有正负零脉冲的三阶段恒流快速充电的方案,理论分析和实验数据证明,这种充电方法能够大大缩短充电时间,提高充电效率。
在充电电源的设计中,采用了高频开关电源技术,主电路由三相整流电路、移相控制ZVS PWM DC/DC全桥变换电路和放电去极化电路组成。功率开关管选用IGBT,驱动电路选用EXB841模块;控制环节则以AT89C52单片机及移相谐振全桥软开关控制器UC3875为核心。这种电源结构,能够有效地提高系统的工作频率,减小开关损耗。
蓄电池充电控制技术是智能充电装置的核心技术,本文采用了电池电压控制、定时控制和电池温度控制的综合控制法。根据铅酸蓄电池所固有的特点,应用模糊自适应控制理论,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器,达到了通过先进算法控制充电装置输出的目的,实现了蓄电池的智能化恒流充电和恒压充电。
The intelligent charging technique is a subject which has been concerned widely in the industry of battery, and it is one of the key factors which affect the charging quality and battery life, the research of related technique has high practical value. This paper concentrates efforts on studying high-capacity intelligent charging technique for lead-acid batteries, mainly include the comparison and selection of the charging methods, the research of charging algorithm and the design of charging system.
Based on the analysis of the fast charging theory and the investigation of many charging methods, a three-stage constant-current charging method with obverse-reverse-zero pulse was put forward. The theory and the tests indicated that by application of the charge strategy, the charging period was reduced largely and the charging efficiency was raised.
Ground on the HF SPS (High-Frequency Switching Power Supply),the charging system was designed which was composed of a three-phase rectifying cell, a phase-shifted zero-voltage-switching PWM DC/DC full-bridge cell and a discharging depolarization cell. In the DC/DC cell, IGBT was selected as the switch that was driven by EXB841 module. The charging control system was based on AT89C52, phase shift and resonance PWM controller UC3875.Using this construction of power supply, switching loss was much reduced and higher frequency could be gained.
The charging control technique of battery is the core technique of the intelligent charging system. Based on the analysis of many charge-termination control methods, an integrated control method of battery charging is proposed, which integrates voltage control, timing control and battery temperature control. Aiming at the characteristics of lead-acid battery, the paper designed a PDD controller of self-adaptive fuzzy based on self-adaptive fuzzy control theory, using it could perform advanced control algorithm and output control, and realize constant-current charging and the constant-voltage charging.
论文在对蓄电池快速充电原理和各种充电方法比较研究的基础上,提出了具有正负零脉冲的三阶段恒流快速充电的方案,理论分析和实验数据证明,这种充电方法能够大大缩短充电时间,提高充电效率。
在充电电源的设计中,采用了高频开关电源技术,主电路由三相整流电路、移相控制ZVS PWM DC/DC全桥变换电路和放电去极化电路组成。功率开关管选用IGBT,驱动电路选用EXB841模块;控制环节则以AT89C52单片机及移相谐振全桥软开关控制器UC3875为核心。这种电源结构,能够有效地提高系统的工作频率,减小开关损耗。
蓄电池充电控制技术是智能充电装置的核心技术,本文采用了电池电压控制、定时控制和电池温度控制的综合控制法。根据铅酸蓄电池所固有的特点,应用模糊自适应控制理论,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器,达到了通过先进算法控制充电装置输出的目的,实现了蓄电池的智能化恒流充电和恒压充电。
The intelligent charging technique is a subject which has been concerned widely in the industry of battery, and it is one of the key factors which affect the charging quality and battery life, the research of related technique has high practical value. This paper concentrates efforts on studying high-capacity intelligent charging technique for lead-acid batteries, mainly include the comparison and selection of the charging methods, the research of charging algorithm and the design of charging system.
Based on the analysis of the fast charging theory and the investigation of many charging methods, a three-stage constant-current charging method with obverse-reverse-zero pulse was put forward. The theory and the tests indicated that by application of the charge strategy, the charging period was reduced largely and the charging efficiency was raised.
Ground on the HF SPS (High-Frequency Switching Power Supply),the charging system was designed which was composed of a three-phase rectifying cell, a phase-shifted zero-voltage-switching PWM DC/DC full-bridge cell and a discharging depolarization cell. In the DC/DC cell, IGBT was selected as the switch that was driven by EXB841 module. The charging control system was based on AT89C52, phase shift and resonance PWM controller UC3875.Using this construction of power supply, switching loss was much reduced and higher frequency could be gained.
The charging control technique of battery is the core technique of the intelligent charging system. Based on the analysis of many charge-termination control methods, an integrated control method of battery charging is proposed, which integrates voltage control, timing control and battery temperature control. Aiming at the characteristics of lead-acid battery, the paper designed a PDD controller of self-adaptive fuzzy based on self-adaptive fuzzy control theory, using it could perform advanced control algorithm and output control, and realize constant-current charging and the constant-voltage charging.
引文
[1]梁翠凤,张雷.铅酸蓄电池的现状及发展方向[J].广东化工,2006,33(154):4-36
[2]李敬兆.采用神经网络预测和变结构模糊控制的铅酸蓄电池最优充电技术研究[D].合肥工业大学博士论文.2003
[3]D.Pavlov.Development of Lead-acid Batteries in the First Decade of the New Millennium[J].Journal of Power Sources,2001,25(1):2-9
[4]G.Petkova.Influence of Charge Mode on the Capacity and Cycle Life of Lead-Acid Battery Negative Plate[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003,113(2):355-362
[5]刘宗光,林涛.可延长电动自行车电池寿命的充电模式[J].电池,2005,35(4):285-287
[6]M.Bhatt,W.G.Hurley,W.H.Wolfle.A New Approach to Intermittent Charging of Valve-regulated Lead-acid Batteries in Standby Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(5):1337-1342
[7]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[8]李恩琪.直流电源充电装置的发展及其在电力系统中的应用[J].安徽电力,2005,22(3):33-34
[9]A.Bellini,G.Franceschini.Battery choice and management for new generation electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.2005,52(5):1343-1349
[10](澳)D.A.J.Rand,郭永榔等译.阀控式铅酸蓄电池[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[11]邵平.密封铅酸蓄电池快速充电法比较[J].玉林师范学院学报.2003,24(3):32-3
[12]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.充电器电路设计与应用[M].第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[13]陈静瑾,余宁梅.阀控铅酸蓄电池分段恒流充电特性的研究[J].电源技术,2004,28(1):32-33
[14]J.Alzieu,H.Smimite.Improvement of intelligent battery controller:state-of-charge indicator and associated functions[J].Journal of Power Sources,1997,21(4):32-35
[15]王金勇.蓄电池几种充电方法的优势[J].设备管理与维修,2003,(4):35-39
[16]郑国川,李洪英.实用开关电源技术[M].第1版.福州:福建科学技术出版社,2004
[17]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[18]K Mark Smith,keyue Ma Smedley.Engineering Design of Lossless Passive Soft Switching Methods for PWM Converters[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2001,16(3):336-344
[19]Fatemah-Soheila Hamdad,Ashoka K.S.Bhat.A Novel Pulsewidth Control Scheme for Fixed-Frequency Zero-Voltage-Switching DC-DC PWM Bridge Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(1):101-109
[20]Simmi Mangat,Praveen Jain.A Modified Asymmetrical Pulse Width Modulated Resonant DC/DC Converter Topology[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(1):104-111
[21]吉智.一种高频开关电源移相控制电路的设计实现[J].微计算机信息,2005,8(3):46-48
[22]K Mark Smith,Keyue Ma Smedley.Engineering Design of Lossless Passive Soft Switching Methods for PWM Converters[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2001,16(3):336-344
[23]Canales F,Peter M.A zero voltage switching three-level DC/DC converter[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2005,17(6):898-904
[24]王增福,李昶,魏永明.软开关电源原理与应用[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[25]龙永涛.移相控制ZVS PWM DC-DC全桥变换器软开关技术及应用[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2002
[26]张雷.新型ZVS软开关直流变换器的研究[J].电气开关,2007,(5):21-23
[27]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M]。第1版.北京:科学出版社,1999
[28]贺益康,潘在平.电力电子技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2004
[29]孙佃升,白连平.一种基于EXB841的IGBT驱动与保护电路设计[J].微电机,2007,40(4):98-100
[30]龚德华.移相谐振PWM控制器UC3875在开关电源中的应用[J].通信电源技术,2007,24(1):59-60
[31]扶瑞云,杨荫福,张玉成.基于UC3875控制的高频谐振逆变电路[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(2):4-6
[32]实是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[33]赫建国,郑燕.单片机在电子电路设计中的应用[M].第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[34]周严.测控系统电子技术[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,2007
[35]高田,景占荣,羊彦.蓄电池快速充电模糊控制技术的研究[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(10):236-238
[36]李敬兆.基于模糊控制的轻型智能充电装置[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):38-41
[37]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用[M].第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[38]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真[M].第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[39]Hartmut Surmann.Genetic Optimization of a Fuzzy System for Charging Batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1996,43(7):541-548
[40]吴振顺,姚建均,岳东海.模糊自整定PID控制器的设计及其应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(11):157-159
[41]Ivanov R,Gishin S.Intelligent Fuzzy Controller for a Lead-acid Battery Charger[J].1999 European Symposium on Intelligent Charger,Greece,1999:80-88
[42]石辛民,郝整清.模糊控制及其MATLAB仿真[M].第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[43]Matthew A.Keyser,Ahmad Pesaran,Mark M.Mihalic.Charging Algorithms for Increasing Lead Acid Battery Cycle Life for Electric Vehicles[J].17~(th)Electric Vehicle Symposium.Montreal,Canada,October 16-18,2000
[44]李国勇.智能控制及其MATLAB实现[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[45]潘薇.MATLAB 7辅助控制系统设计与仿真[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[46]刘曙光,魏俊民,竺志超.模糊控制技术[M].第1版.北京:中国纺织出版社,2001
[47]谢运祥,欧阳森.电力电子单片机控制技术[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[2]李敬兆.采用神经网络预测和变结构模糊控制的铅酸蓄电池最优充电技术研究[D].合肥工业大学博士论文.2003
[3]D.Pavlov.Development of Lead-acid Batteries in the First Decade of the New Millennium[J].Journal of Power Sources,2001,25(1):2-9
[4]G.Petkova.Influence of Charge Mode on the Capacity and Cycle Life of Lead-Acid Battery Negative Plate[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003,113(2):355-362
[5]刘宗光,林涛.可延长电动自行车电池寿命的充电模式[J].电池,2005,35(4):285-287
[6]M.Bhatt,W.G.Hurley,W.H.Wolfle.A New Approach to Intermittent Charging of Valve-regulated Lead-acid Batteries in Standby Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(5):1337-1342
[7]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[8]李恩琪.直流电源充电装置的发展及其在电力系统中的应用[J].安徽电力,2005,22(3):33-34
[9]A.Bellini,G.Franceschini.Battery choice and management for new generation electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.2005,52(5):1343-1349
[10](澳)D.A.J.Rand,郭永榔等译.阀控式铅酸蓄电池[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[11]邵平.密封铅酸蓄电池快速充电法比较[J].玉林师范学院学报.2003,24(3):32-3
[12]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.充电器电路设计与应用[M].第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[13]陈静瑾,余宁梅.阀控铅酸蓄电池分段恒流充电特性的研究[J].电源技术,2004,28(1):32-33
[14]J.Alzieu,H.Smimite.Improvement of intelligent battery controller:state-of-charge indicator and associated functions[J].Journal of Power Sources,1997,21(4):32-35
[15]王金勇.蓄电池几种充电方法的优势[J].设备管理与维修,2003,(4):35-39
[16]郑国川,李洪英.实用开关电源技术[M].第1版.福州:福建科学技术出版社,2004
[17]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[18]K Mark Smith,keyue Ma Smedley.Engineering Design of Lossless Passive Soft Switching Methods for PWM Converters[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2001,16(3):336-344
[19]Fatemah-Soheila Hamdad,Ashoka K.S.Bhat.A Novel Pulsewidth Control Scheme for Fixed-Frequency Zero-Voltage-Switching DC-DC PWM Bridge Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(1):101-109
[20]Simmi Mangat,Praveen Jain.A Modified Asymmetrical Pulse Width Modulated Resonant DC/DC Converter Topology[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(1):104-111
[21]吉智.一种高频开关电源移相控制电路的设计实现[J].微计算机信息,2005,8(3):46-48
[22]K Mark Smith,Keyue Ma Smedley.Engineering Design of Lossless Passive Soft Switching Methods for PWM Converters[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2001,16(3):336-344
[23]Canales F,Peter M.A zero voltage switching three-level DC/DC converter[J].IEEE transactions on Power Electronics,2005,17(6):898-904
[24]王增福,李昶,魏永明.软开关电源原理与应用[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[25]龙永涛.移相控制ZVS PWM DC-DC全桥变换器软开关技术及应用[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2002
[26]张雷.新型ZVS软开关直流变换器的研究[J].电气开关,2007,(5):21-23
[27]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M]。第1版.北京:科学出版社,1999
[28]贺益康,潘在平.电力电子技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2004
[29]孙佃升,白连平.一种基于EXB841的IGBT驱动与保护电路设计[J].微电机,2007,40(4):98-100
[30]龚德华.移相谐振PWM控制器UC3875在开关电源中的应用[J].通信电源技术,2007,24(1):59-60
[31]扶瑞云,杨荫福,张玉成.基于UC3875控制的高频谐振逆变电路[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(2):4-6
[32]实是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[33]赫建国,郑燕.单片机在电子电路设计中的应用[M].第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[34]周严.测控系统电子技术[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,2007
[35]高田,景占荣,羊彦.蓄电池快速充电模糊控制技术的研究[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(10):236-238
[36]李敬兆.基于模糊控制的轻型智能充电装置[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):38-41
[37]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用[M].第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[38]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真[M].第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[39]Hartmut Surmann.Genetic Optimization of a Fuzzy System for Charging Batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1996,43(7):541-548
[40]吴振顺,姚建均,岳东海.模糊自整定PID控制器的设计及其应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(11):157-159
[41]Ivanov R,Gishin S.Intelligent Fuzzy Controller for a Lead-acid Battery Charger[J].1999 European Symposium on Intelligent Charger,Greece,1999:80-88
[42]石辛民,郝整清.模糊控制及其MATLAB仿真[M].第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[43]Matthew A.Keyser,Ahmad Pesaran,Mark M.Mihalic.Charging Algorithms for Increasing Lead Acid Battery Cycle Life for Electric Vehicles[J].17~(th)Electric Vehicle Symposium.Montreal,Canada,October 16-18,2000
[44]李国勇.智能控制及其MATLAB实现[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[45]潘薇.MATLAB 7辅助控制系统设计与仿真[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[46]刘曙光,魏俊民,竺志超.模糊控制技术[M].第1版.北京:中国纺织出版社,2001
[47]谢运祥,欧阳森.电力电子单片机控制技术[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2007
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |