面向大批量定制产品配置关键技术与集成应用研究
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摘要
随着市场经济的发展和科学技术的不断进步,市场环境也在随之发生改变。当前,制造业竞争的全球化和客户需求的多样化对企业提出了新的要求,企业必须重视客户的个性化和多样化需求,能够对客户需求做出快速响应并提供高质量、低价格、客户满意的产品是实现自身生存和发展的根本方针。大批量定制(Mass Customization, MC)是实现上述目标的有效途径,而产品配置设计是MC整体技术方案体系中最为重要的一环,在此背景下,高效产品配置方法与技术的研究得到企业和学者广泛而持续的关注。本文系统地研究了MC模式下产品配置设计周期各阶段的关键技术和方法,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
论文首先总结了大批量定制相关的技术体系结构,阐述了产品配置设计在实现MC目标所起的重要作用,对产品配置相关领域的国内外研究现状进行了归纳和总结,针对该方向研究中存在的一些问题和不足,提出了本文的研究思路和内容。
客户需求是产品配置设计的源头数据,对于特定客户需求信息的快速准确获取和转化是实现有效产品配置的前提条件。论文在深入分析MC环境客户需求特点的基础上,提出了客户需求获取分解及处理的方法并建立了一套完整的形式化需求语义模型。在客户需求转化研究方面,采用客户需求项与产品质量特征项概念相似度计算方法确定二者的映射方式。考虑到产品质量特征之间存在的关联关系,提出一种改进的产品质量特征重要度计算方法。设计了客户需求值映射的流程步骤,并通过实例验证了上述需求获取转化方法的有效性。
为实现快捷有效地配置求解,需建立一个层次结构清晰,知识表达完整的产品配置模型。论文采用面向对象方法建立了可重用产品族配置单元(PFCU)模型,采用框架结构对PFCU蕴含的知识进行表达,对PFCU的配置特征、关联关系进行了深入地研究。建立了一个基于PFCU的产品族配置模型,通过实例提出了该模型的完整建模步骤。
产品配置求解是一个典型的知识推理过程。论文采用基于实例推理和基于产品族配置模型推理方法相集成的策略实现客户需求驱动下的产品配置求解,建立了产品复合配置求解框架。针对基于实例求解方法中的实例相似度匹配问题,提出了客户需求增溢的概念,建立了分段式满意度指数函数计算客户综合满意度。针对多产品族环境下的客户需求目标产品族定位问题,提出了产品族决策属性PFDF的概念并建立了PFDF的信息增益值计算方法以实现客观确定属性集的优先级排序。采用基于配置特征表的PFCU实例表达方法,建立了基于产品族配置模型的推理求解流程及算法。
针对产品配置求解中配置约束较少的情况,提出了配置欠约束的概念,构建了一个面向欠约束产品配置优化模型,该模型以产品综合性能、成本及交货期为主要驱动目标,实现了产品的整体择优评价。在此模型基础上,提出了改进的非支配排序遗传算法进行优化求解,在该算法中采取非支配排序与多维小生境计算技术相结合的方式改进种群个体的选择及择优判断方法。通过仿真实例验证了该算法可行性和有效性,通过与其他多目标优化算法的求解比较,说明了该算法求解效率的优良性。
为提供对产品配置相关设计活动的计算机辅助支持,设计并开发了一个集成产品配置功能的PDM系统。设计了该软件系统的体系结构,分析了该系统的主要功能模块组成,并结合应用实例介绍了该系统的运行实现过程。
With the development of the market economy and the progress of science and technology, marketing environment is changing accordingly. At present, the globalization of manufacturing industry competition and the diversification of customer needs put forward new demands to modern enterprises. The enterprises must pay attention to the personalized and diversified needs of customers, to be able to make quick response to customers' needs and provide satisfactory products of high quality at lower price, which is the fundamental guideline of realizing own survival and development. Mass Customization (MC) is an effective way to achieve these goals. And product configuration design is the most important part of overall technical solution in the MC system. Under the background, research on the effective method and technology of product configuration has drawn widely and constant attention from enterprises and scholars. So this dissertation systematically studies the key technologies and methods in different stages of the product configuration design cycle in MC mode and will bring important theoretical significance and practical significance.
At first, the related technical architecture in mass customization was summarized, followed by discussion of the important role that product configuration design played in MC system, domestic and foreign researches that related to field of product configuration were concluded as well. At last, to solve the existing problems and shortcomings in this research area, main contents and ideas of this dissertation were proposed.
Customer demand is the source data of product configuration design, so obtaining and translating specific customer requirement information quickly and accurately is prerequisite to achieve effective product configuration result. Based on in-depth analysis of customer demand characteristics in MC environment, method of requirement elicitation, decomposition and conversion was proposed and a complete set of formal semantic model was built as well. Calculation method of concept similarity between customer requirement items and product feature items was adopted to determine the mapping way of both. Considering the relationship between product quality characteristics, an improved weight calculation method for product quality characteristic was established. Mapping steps of customer requirements were designed and effectiveness of this method was verified by an example.
In order to configure products quickly and effectively, it's necessary to build a product configuration model with clear hierarchy and complete knowledge representation. At first, object oriented technology was adopted to build reusable Product Family Configuration Unit (PFCU) model in this dissertation, and then knowledge representation of PFCU was expressed by frame structure, configuration characteristics and association relationship of PFCU were studied deeply. Finally, product family configuration model was built based on PFCU and whole modeling procedures were put forward by an example.
Product configuration solving is a typical knowledge reasoning process. An integrated solving framework that combines Case-Based Reasoning and Model-Based Reasoning was proposed to achieve product configuration result driven by customer requirements. The matching problem of case similarity in CBR was taken as the research object. Concept of customer demand overflowing was proposed and subsection exponential functions were used to calculate comprehensive customer satisfaction. To determine target object in multi-product families, concept of Product Family Decision Feature (PFDF) was proposed. According to calculation on information entropy of PFDF, objective priority ranking of features was established. Instances of PFCU were expressed by configuration feature table. Finally, the reasoning solution and the algorithm were put forward based on PFCM reasoning.
In order to solve the customer scheme selection problem of products with insufficient constraints, concept of under-constrained configuration was proposed, a configuration optimization mathematical model was built to optimize the performance, cost and term. An improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was employed to work out product configuration scheme, with a combination of non-dominated sorting and multi-dimension niche technology, and population selection and qualitatively evaluation were improved in this algorithm. Finally, a simulation example was given to show the validity of the method as well as performance comparison among different genetic algorithms to show the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
To perform product configuration design activities with computer-aided support, a PDM system integrating product configuration function was put forward. The architecture of this software system was planned and main function modules were analyzed as well. Finally, the implementation process of the system was introduced with an application example.
论文首先总结了大批量定制相关的技术体系结构,阐述了产品配置设计在实现MC目标所起的重要作用,对产品配置相关领域的国内外研究现状进行了归纳和总结,针对该方向研究中存在的一些问题和不足,提出了本文的研究思路和内容。
客户需求是产品配置设计的源头数据,对于特定客户需求信息的快速准确获取和转化是实现有效产品配置的前提条件。论文在深入分析MC环境客户需求特点的基础上,提出了客户需求获取分解及处理的方法并建立了一套完整的形式化需求语义模型。在客户需求转化研究方面,采用客户需求项与产品质量特征项概念相似度计算方法确定二者的映射方式。考虑到产品质量特征之间存在的关联关系,提出一种改进的产品质量特征重要度计算方法。设计了客户需求值映射的流程步骤,并通过实例验证了上述需求获取转化方法的有效性。
为实现快捷有效地配置求解,需建立一个层次结构清晰,知识表达完整的产品配置模型。论文采用面向对象方法建立了可重用产品族配置单元(PFCU)模型,采用框架结构对PFCU蕴含的知识进行表达,对PFCU的配置特征、关联关系进行了深入地研究。建立了一个基于PFCU的产品族配置模型,通过实例提出了该模型的完整建模步骤。
产品配置求解是一个典型的知识推理过程。论文采用基于实例推理和基于产品族配置模型推理方法相集成的策略实现客户需求驱动下的产品配置求解,建立了产品复合配置求解框架。针对基于实例求解方法中的实例相似度匹配问题,提出了客户需求增溢的概念,建立了分段式满意度指数函数计算客户综合满意度。针对多产品族环境下的客户需求目标产品族定位问题,提出了产品族决策属性PFDF的概念并建立了PFDF的信息增益值计算方法以实现客观确定属性集的优先级排序。采用基于配置特征表的PFCU实例表达方法,建立了基于产品族配置模型的推理求解流程及算法。
针对产品配置求解中配置约束较少的情况,提出了配置欠约束的概念,构建了一个面向欠约束产品配置优化模型,该模型以产品综合性能、成本及交货期为主要驱动目标,实现了产品的整体择优评价。在此模型基础上,提出了改进的非支配排序遗传算法进行优化求解,在该算法中采取非支配排序与多维小生境计算技术相结合的方式改进种群个体的选择及择优判断方法。通过仿真实例验证了该算法可行性和有效性,通过与其他多目标优化算法的求解比较,说明了该算法求解效率的优良性。
为提供对产品配置相关设计活动的计算机辅助支持,设计并开发了一个集成产品配置功能的PDM系统。设计了该软件系统的体系结构,分析了该系统的主要功能模块组成,并结合应用实例介绍了该系统的运行实现过程。
With the development of the market economy and the progress of science and technology, marketing environment is changing accordingly. At present, the globalization of manufacturing industry competition and the diversification of customer needs put forward new demands to modern enterprises. The enterprises must pay attention to the personalized and diversified needs of customers, to be able to make quick response to customers' needs and provide satisfactory products of high quality at lower price, which is the fundamental guideline of realizing own survival and development. Mass Customization (MC) is an effective way to achieve these goals. And product configuration design is the most important part of overall technical solution in the MC system. Under the background, research on the effective method and technology of product configuration has drawn widely and constant attention from enterprises and scholars. So this dissertation systematically studies the key technologies and methods in different stages of the product configuration design cycle in MC mode and will bring important theoretical significance and practical significance.
At first, the related technical architecture in mass customization was summarized, followed by discussion of the important role that product configuration design played in MC system, domestic and foreign researches that related to field of product configuration were concluded as well. At last, to solve the existing problems and shortcomings in this research area, main contents and ideas of this dissertation were proposed.
Customer demand is the source data of product configuration design, so obtaining and translating specific customer requirement information quickly and accurately is prerequisite to achieve effective product configuration result. Based on in-depth analysis of customer demand characteristics in MC environment, method of requirement elicitation, decomposition and conversion was proposed and a complete set of formal semantic model was built as well. Calculation method of concept similarity between customer requirement items and product feature items was adopted to determine the mapping way of both. Considering the relationship between product quality characteristics, an improved weight calculation method for product quality characteristic was established. Mapping steps of customer requirements were designed and effectiveness of this method was verified by an example.
In order to configure products quickly and effectively, it's necessary to build a product configuration model with clear hierarchy and complete knowledge representation. At first, object oriented technology was adopted to build reusable Product Family Configuration Unit (PFCU) model in this dissertation, and then knowledge representation of PFCU was expressed by frame structure, configuration characteristics and association relationship of PFCU were studied deeply. Finally, product family configuration model was built based on PFCU and whole modeling procedures were put forward by an example.
Product configuration solving is a typical knowledge reasoning process. An integrated solving framework that combines Case-Based Reasoning and Model-Based Reasoning was proposed to achieve product configuration result driven by customer requirements. The matching problem of case similarity in CBR was taken as the research object. Concept of customer demand overflowing was proposed and subsection exponential functions were used to calculate comprehensive customer satisfaction. To determine target object in multi-product families, concept of Product Family Decision Feature (PFDF) was proposed. According to calculation on information entropy of PFDF, objective priority ranking of features was established. Instances of PFCU were expressed by configuration feature table. Finally, the reasoning solution and the algorithm were put forward based on PFCM reasoning.
In order to solve the customer scheme selection problem of products with insufficient constraints, concept of under-constrained configuration was proposed, a configuration optimization mathematical model was built to optimize the performance, cost and term. An improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was employed to work out product configuration scheme, with a combination of non-dominated sorting and multi-dimension niche technology, and population selection and qualitatively evaluation were improved in this algorithm. Finally, a simulation example was given to show the validity of the method as well as performance comparison among different genetic algorithms to show the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
To perform product configuration design activities with computer-aided support, a PDM system integrating product configuration function was put forward. The architecture of this software system was planned and main function modules were analyzed as well. Finally, the implementation process of the system was introduced with an application example.
引文
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