合金元素对铁基非晶GFA、热稳定性及磁性能的影响
|
摘要
Fe基非晶合金作为一种新材料，由于具有优异的物理、化学、力学性能越来越受到人们广泛地重视。本文利用单辊旋淬和铜模喷铸法分别制备了铁基金属玻璃条带和块状非晶合金。在铁基合金中添加适量的合金元素C、Y、Sn、Co，通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)分析方法，着重研究了添加元素对铁基金属玻璃的形成能力、热稳定性及磁性能的影响。
研究工作表明：C元素的加入(小于等于7.75％)对合金的玻璃形成能力有贡献作用，随着C的加入，合金的熔点下降，ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γ都有不同程度的提高，说明合金的玻璃合金形成能力增强了。通过XRD分析，在原始成分(Fe_(68)Ni_1Al_5Ga_2P_(9.65)C_(6.75)B_(4.6)Si_3)中加入Y元素后，三种成分的合金都为非晶合金，通过DSC分析得知：第一晶化峰T_(p1)与第二晶化峰T_(p2)之间的差值随着Y的增加而减小。试验中发现随着Sn含量的增加，合金在淬态下的脆性逐渐提高。当Sn含量达到2.5％时，脆性最大。通过DSC检测发现，随着Sn含量的增加，晶化峰由两个逐渐变成一个。ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γ都随Sn含量的增加而提高，说明合金的非晶形成能力在逐渐增强。Co的加入有利于合金韧性的改善，当Co含量达到9(at％)时，合金具有最好的韧性，Co含量在0～5％范围内变化时，ΔT_x逐步减小，合金的熔点上升，γ值没有变化。而当Co含量在5％～9％范围内变化时，γ值逐渐上升，特别是在7％～9％范围内，γ值上升幅度最大。选择γ值较大的合金，采用铜模喷铸法成功制备出厚度为0.5mm的块体非晶，这也说明γ值作为评价合金GFA的参数具有一定的可信度。当Y含量在0.5％时，合金具有较好的软磁性能。饱和磁化强度和矫顽力随Co含量的变化不大。
As novel material, Fe-based amorphous alloys have attracted attention of people more and more, owing to its' excellent physical、chemical、mechanical performance.
Fe-based amorphous ribbons and bulk amorphous alloys were prepared by spin quenching and copper mold casting respectively in this paper. Alloy elements, such as C、Y、Sn、Co, were added into Fe-based alloys with proper quantities, and the effect-s on glass-forming ability (GFA)、thermal stability and magnetic performance of Fe-based amorphous alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).
Research work showed: addition of element C(less than or equal to 7.75%) was helpful to alloys' GFA, the melting point of alloy fell down accompany with addition of C,ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γincreased with different extent, which illustrated that GFA of alloys intensified. When element Y added into primitive component (Fe_(68)Ni_1Al_5Ga_2P_(9.65)C_(6.75)B_(4.6)Si_3), three kinds component of alloys were all amorphous alloys tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), D-value between first crystallied peak T_(p1) and second crystallied peak T_(p2) decreased accompany with addition of Y analysed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The brittleness of alloys enchanced gradually in cast condition with the increasement of Sn, when content of Sn reached 2.5% (at%), The brittleness of alloys got maximum.ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γenchanced with the increasement of content Sn, which denoted GFA of alloys intensified gradually. The addition of Co was favourable to improvement of alloys'toughness, when content of Co reached 9% (at%), alloys had best roughness, when content of Co varied between 0 and 5%,ΔT_x decreased gradually, melting point of alloys arised, parameterγhad no alteration. However, when content of Co changed between 5% and 9%, value ofγarised gradually, especially in 7%～9%,γhad maximal elevated amplitude. Among prepared amorphous thin strip, selected some alloys which had larger value ofγ, bulk amorphous alloys (0.5mm) were prepared successfully by copper mold casting, this also demonstrated that as parameter of appraised GFA, value ofγwas credible. Alloy had better Soft magnetism performance when content of Y reached 0.5%. Saturation magnetization and Coercive force had no obvious change along with change of Co.
研究工作表明：C元素的加入(小于等于7.75％)对合金的玻璃形成能力有贡献作用，随着C的加入，合金的熔点下降，ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γ都有不同程度的提高，说明合金的玻璃合金形成能力增强了。通过XRD分析，在原始成分(Fe_(68)Ni_1Al_5Ga_2P_(9.65)C_(6.75)B_(4.6)Si_3)中加入Y元素后，三种成分的合金都为非晶合金，通过DSC分析得知：第一晶化峰T_(p1)与第二晶化峰T_(p2)之间的差值随着Y的增加而减小。试验中发现随着Sn含量的增加，合金在淬态下的脆性逐渐提高。当Sn含量达到2.5％时，脆性最大。通过DSC检测发现，随着Sn含量的增加，晶化峰由两个逐渐变成一个。ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γ都随Sn含量的增加而提高，说明合金的非晶形成能力在逐渐增强。Co的加入有利于合金韧性的改善，当Co含量达到9(at％)时，合金具有最好的韧性，Co含量在0～5％范围内变化时，ΔT_x逐步减小，合金的熔点上升，γ值没有变化。而当Co含量在5％～9％范围内变化时，γ值逐渐上升，特别是在7％～9％范围内，γ值上升幅度最大。选择γ值较大的合金，采用铜模喷铸法成功制备出厚度为0.5mm的块体非晶，这也说明γ值作为评价合金GFA的参数具有一定的可信度。当Y含量在0.5％时，合金具有较好的软磁性能。饱和磁化强度和矫顽力随Co含量的变化不大。
As novel material, Fe-based amorphous alloys have attracted attention of people more and more, owing to its' excellent physical、chemical、mechanical performance.
Fe-based amorphous ribbons and bulk amorphous alloys were prepared by spin quenching and copper mold casting respectively in this paper. Alloy elements, such as C、Y、Sn、Co, were added into Fe-based alloys with proper quantities, and the effect-s on glass-forming ability (GFA)、thermal stability and magnetic performance of Fe-based amorphous alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).
Research work showed: addition of element C(less than or equal to 7.75%) was helpful to alloys' GFA, the melting point of alloy fell down accompany with addition of C,ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γincreased with different extent, which illustrated that GFA of alloys intensified. When element Y added into primitive component (Fe_(68)Ni_1Al_5Ga_2P_(9.65)C_(6.75)B_(4.6)Si_3), three kinds component of alloys were all amorphous alloys tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), D-value between first crystallied peak T_(p1) and second crystallied peak T_(p2) decreased accompany with addition of Y analysed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The brittleness of alloys enchanced gradually in cast condition with the increasement of Sn, when content of Sn reached 2.5% (at%), The brittleness of alloys got maximum.ΔT_x、T_(rg)、γenchanced with the increasement of content Sn, which denoted GFA of alloys intensified gradually. The addition of Co was favourable to improvement of alloys'toughness, when content of Co reached 9% (at%), alloys had best roughness, when content of Co varied between 0 and 5%,ΔT_x decreased gradually, melting point of alloys arised, parameterγhad no alteration. However, when content of Co changed between 5% and 9%, value ofγarised gradually, especially in 7%～9%,γhad maximal elevated amplitude. Among prepared amorphous thin strip, selected some alloys which had larger value ofγ, bulk amorphous alloys (0.5mm) were prepared successfully by copper mold casting, this also demonstrated that as parameter of appraised GFA, value ofγwas credible. Alloy had better Soft magnetism performance when content of Y reached 0.5%. Saturation magnetization and Coercive force had no obvious change along with change of Co.
引文
[1] 何建军，陈鼎，陈清 大块非晶体材料的研究进展 湖南冶金，2002，5：3～8
[2] 袁子洲，王冰霞，郝雷，陈学定 块体非晶合金形成机理及成分设计研究评述 特种铸造及有色合金 2005，25(1)：35～38
[3] 申玉田，崔春翔，徐艳姬，韩瑞平 大块非晶合金制备原理与技术 稀有金属材料与工程 2004，33(5)：459～463
[4] Luborsky F E. Amorphous Metallic Alloys. London:Butterworth, 1983
[5] Jones H.Rapid Solidification of Metal and Alloys.London:Institution of Metallurgists,1982
[6] Inoue A.Stabilization of Metallic Supercooled Liquid and Bulk Amorphous Alloys.Aeta Materiallia,2000,48:279～306
[7] Senkov O N, Scott J M.Specific Criteria for Selection of Alloy Composition for Bulk Metallic Glasses.Scripta Materiallia,2004,50:449～452
[8] 孙国元，陈光，刘平 制备Mg基大块金属玻璃的特种铸造方 法特种铸造及有色合金，2004(1)：47～50
[9] 孔见，陈光Cu_(47)Ti_(34)Zr_(11)Ni_8块体非晶合金的制备 特种铸造及有色合金，2003(6)：11～14
[10] 邢大伟，孙剑飞，王刚等Sn对ZrTiNiCuAl非晶合金玻璃形成能力的影响 特种铸造及有色金属，2002(6)：12～15
[11] Inoue A,Nishiyama N,Kimura H. Preparation and Thermal Stabilty of Bulk Amorphous Pd_(40)Cu_(30)Ni_(10)P_(20) Alloy Cylinder of 72 mm in Diameter. Mater.Trans.JIM,1997,38 (2):179～183
[12] 陆伟，严彪，殷俊林，尤富强，张文彪 大块非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展上海钢研，2004(3)：47～54
[13] 王焕荣，石志强，藤新营等 合金非晶形成能力的研究进展 功能材料，2002，33(4)：357～359
[14] Inoue A, Gook G S. Mater Trans JIM [J],1996,37:32
[15] Xu Yingfan(许应凡), Wang Wenkui(王文魁). Acta Physics Sin(物理学报)[J], 1990, 39 (4): 555
[16] Diefenback A, Gillessen F, Herlach D M, Dietz G. Non- Crystalline Solids[J], 1993, 156: 580
[17] Dunst A et al. Mater Sci Eng[J], 1991, 133:785
[18] Xing Liqian(刑力谦) et al. Acta Metall Sin(金属学报)[J], 1999, 35(8): 888
[19] Kim Y J et al. Appl Phys Lett[J], 1994, 65:2 136
[20] Chen Wenzhi(陈文智)．Metallic Functional Materials(金属功能材料)[J]，1997，4(1)：55
[21] Zhu Wei(褚维)，Chen Guojun(陈国钧)．Magn Mater Devi-ces(磁性材料与器件)[J]，1999，30(1)：7
[22] Y Li, S.C. Ng, C. K. Ong, H. H. Hng et al. Glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys [J]. Scripta Materialia, 1997, 37(7): 783-787.
[23] 李金富，周尧和 大块非晶形成合金液体的热物理性能与玻璃形成能力 功能材料 2002，33(3)317～320
[24] 孙亚娟，王建，刘艳清，魏茂彬，尹向瑛 多元Fe基非晶合金形成机理研究 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版)2004，8(3)16～18
[25] 吴志方，柳林 新型块体非晶合金的形成、结构、性能和应用 金属功能材料 2002，6(3) 14～17
[26] 沈军，高玉来，陈德民，孙剑飞，王刚等 大块非晶合金的玻璃形成能力 材料导报 2004，1(18)85～88
[27] 蔡安辉 合金玻璃形成能力表征与预测以及块体金属玻璃的制备[D]南京：东南大学材料科学与工程系，2005．
[28] Chen W Wang X M Sakai A,Inoue A,Sakurai T. Scr Mater,2000;43:1021
[29] Inoue A.Mater Sci Eng,1997;A226-228:357
[30] Guo Y C，Wang Z S．Amorphous Physics，Beijing：Science Press，1984：329(郭轶诚，王震西，非晶态物理学，北京；科学出版社，1984：329)
[31] Shen T D,Schwarz R B.Appl phys Lett,1999:75:49
[32] Inoue A,Zhang T, Itoi T, Takeuchi A.Appl PHYS Lett, 1997;71:464
[33] Inoue A..Bulk Amorphous Alloys (Trans Tech Publisher, Zurich, 1998)
[34] 黄勇杰 非晶态磁性物理与材料 北京：电子科技大学出版社 1991：135～136
[35] 林寈，孙学琛，胡海棠 重新构架一切—新材料 北京：科学出版社，金盾出版社 1998：141～145
[36] Matsubara E,Tamura T, Waseda Y etal. A Structural Study of Amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(30)La_(20) Alloys by the Anomalous X-ray Scattering (AXS) Method. Mater.Trans.JIM, 1991,31(3):228～231
[37] Holland-Moritz D. Short-range Order and Solid-liquid Interfaces in Undercooled Metallic Metals. Materials Science and Engineering, 2001,A304-306:108～112
[38] 边赞 大体积非晶材料的研究．北京：北京科技大学，2000．
[39] Dunst A,Herlach D M, Gillessen F. Formation of Glassy Phase of Fe-Ni-P-B by Containerless Processing. Materials Science and Engineering, 1991,A 133:785～789
[40] Inoue A, Nishiyama N, Matsuda T. Preparation of Bulk Glassy Pb_(40)Ni_(10)Cu_(30)P_(20) alloy of 40mm in Diameter by Water Quenching.Mater.Trans.JIM, 1996,37(2): 181～185
[41] Kui H W, Greer A L,Turnbull D.Formation of Bulk Metallic Glass by Fluxing.Appl.Phys.Lett. 1984,45(3):615～617
[42] 郑兆勃，等 非晶固态材料导论[M]．北京：科学出版社，1987．
[43] Zhang W, Matsusita M, Inoue A. Effect of Dy Addition on the Thermal Stability and Magnetic Properties of the Fe-Co-Nd-B Amorphous Alloys with Supercooled Liquid Region. Mater.Trans.,JIM,2000,41 (8):696～700
[44] Inoue A, Shibara T, Zhang T. Effect of Addition Elemems on Glass Transition Behavior and Glass Formation Tendency of Zr-Al-Cu-Ni Alloys. Mater.Trans.,JIM, 1995,36(12): 1420～1426
[45] Inoue A, Negishi T, Kimura H. Effect of B Addition on the Extension of supercooled Liquid Region in Zr-Cu-Al Base Amorphous Alloys. Mater. Trans,.JIM 1997,38(3): 185～188
[46] Inoue A, Gook J S. Effect of Additional Elements(M) on the Thermal Stability of Supercooled Liquid in Fe_(72-x)Al_5Ga_2P_(11)C_6B_4M_x Glassy Alloys. Mater. Trans., JIM. 1996,37(1):32～38
[47] 张勇，赵德乾，庄艳欣等Zr基块体金属玻璃的形成和性能 金属学报，2000，36(11)：1153～1156
[48] 边赞，何国，陈国良 氧含量及过热度对铸态Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5大体积玻璃合金微观组织结构及力学性能的影响 稀有金属材料与工程 2001，30(3)：190．
[49] Rraskin D,Smith C H. In:Luborsky F E ed., Amorphous Metallic Alloys. London:Butterworths, 2001:381
[50] Smith C H. In:Liebermann H H ed., Rapid Solidified Alloys. New York:Marcel Dekker,2003:617
[51] Wang W H,Wang W K, Bai H Y. Science in China, 1998;A7:756
[52] Li C F, Saida J J, Matsushida M, Inoue A. Scr Mater, 2000;42:923
[53] Zhang Y, Zhao D Q, Pan M X, Wang W H. J Non-CrystSolids,2003;315:206
[54] 邢大伟，孙剑飞，沈军，王刚等Ti含量对(Zr_(0.59)Cu_(0.18)Ni_(0.13)Al_(0.10))_(100-x)Ti_x合金非晶形成能力的影响 金属学报 2004，40(4)416～420
[55] Greer A L. Nature, 2000; 366:303
[56] Wang W H,Yang H B. J Appl Phys,2001;84:5961
[57] Nishiyama.N, Inoue A.Mater Trans JIM,2001 ;31: 1531
[58] MiedemaA R, Chatel P R. Physica B,1980,100:1
[59] 谭晓华，徐晖，董远达Co对Nd—Fe—Al大块非晶合金的晶化行为和磁性能的影响功能材料 2004，1(35)：40～42
[60] 傅明喜，李研，黄兴民等．大块金属玻璃的研究与应用[J]．材料导报，2005，19(7)：57～61．
[61] A Inoue, T, Zhang. Stabilization of super-cooled liquid and bulk glassy alloys in ferrous and non-ferrous system [J]. J. Non-cryst. Solids, 1999,250～252
[62] A Inoue. Synthesis and properties of Ti-based bulk amorphous alloys with a large super-cooled liquid region [J]. Mater. Sci.Forum, 1999,312～314
[63] 蔡安辉，潘冶，孙国雄．化学键参数和原子半径差与BMG合金的GFA关系[J]．中国工程科学，2004，6(7)：81～87．
[64] Sordelet DJ, etal. Appl Phys Lett 2003;83:69
[2] 袁子洲，王冰霞，郝雷，陈学定 块体非晶合金形成机理及成分设计研究评述 特种铸造及有色合金 2005，25(1)：35～38
[3] 申玉田，崔春翔，徐艳姬，韩瑞平 大块非晶合金制备原理与技术 稀有金属材料与工程 2004，33(5)：459～463
[4] Luborsky F E. Amorphous Metallic Alloys. London:Butterworth, 1983
[5] Jones H.Rapid Solidification of Metal and Alloys.London:Institution of Metallurgists,1982
[6] Inoue A.Stabilization of Metallic Supercooled Liquid and Bulk Amorphous Alloys.Aeta Materiallia,2000,48:279～306
[7] Senkov O N, Scott J M.Specific Criteria for Selection of Alloy Composition for Bulk Metallic Glasses.Scripta Materiallia,2004,50:449～452
[8] 孙国元，陈光，刘平 制备Mg基大块金属玻璃的特种铸造方 法特种铸造及有色合金，2004(1)：47～50
[9] 孔见，陈光Cu_(47)Ti_(34)Zr_(11)Ni_8块体非晶合金的制备 特种铸造及有色合金，2003(6)：11～14
[10] 邢大伟，孙剑飞，王刚等Sn对ZrTiNiCuAl非晶合金玻璃形成能力的影响 特种铸造及有色金属，2002(6)：12～15
[11] Inoue A,Nishiyama N,Kimura H. Preparation and Thermal Stabilty of Bulk Amorphous Pd_(40)Cu_(30)Ni_(10)P_(20) Alloy Cylinder of 72 mm in Diameter. Mater.Trans.JIM,1997,38 (2):179～183
[12] 陆伟，严彪，殷俊林，尤富强，张文彪 大块非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展上海钢研，2004(3)：47～54
[13] 王焕荣，石志强，藤新营等 合金非晶形成能力的研究进展 功能材料，2002，33(4)：357～359
[14] Inoue A, Gook G S. Mater Trans JIM [J],1996,37:32
[15] Xu Yingfan(许应凡), Wang Wenkui(王文魁). Acta Physics Sin(物理学报)[J], 1990, 39 (4): 555
[16] Diefenback A, Gillessen F, Herlach D M, Dietz G. Non- Crystalline Solids[J], 1993, 156: 580
[17] Dunst A et al. Mater Sci Eng[J], 1991, 133:785
[18] Xing Liqian(刑力谦) et al. Acta Metall Sin(金属学报)[J], 1999, 35(8): 888
[19] Kim Y J et al. Appl Phys Lett[J], 1994, 65:2 136
[20] Chen Wenzhi(陈文智)．Metallic Functional Materials(金属功能材料)[J]，1997，4(1)：55
[21] Zhu Wei(褚维)，Chen Guojun(陈国钧)．Magn Mater Devi-ces(磁性材料与器件)[J]，1999，30(1)：7
[22] Y Li, S.C. Ng, C. K. Ong, H. H. Hng et al. Glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys [J]. Scripta Materialia, 1997, 37(7): 783-787.
[23] 李金富，周尧和 大块非晶形成合金液体的热物理性能与玻璃形成能力 功能材料 2002，33(3)317～320
[24] 孙亚娟，王建，刘艳清，魏茂彬，尹向瑛 多元Fe基非晶合金形成机理研究 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版)2004，8(3)16～18
[25] 吴志方，柳林 新型块体非晶合金的形成、结构、性能和应用 金属功能材料 2002，6(3) 14～17
[26] 沈军，高玉来，陈德民，孙剑飞，王刚等 大块非晶合金的玻璃形成能力 材料导报 2004，1(18)85～88
[27] 蔡安辉 合金玻璃形成能力表征与预测以及块体金属玻璃的制备[D]南京：东南大学材料科学与工程系，2005．
[28] Chen W Wang X M Sakai A,Inoue A,Sakurai T. Scr Mater,2000;43:1021
[29] Inoue A.Mater Sci Eng,1997;A226-228:357
[30] Guo Y C，Wang Z S．Amorphous Physics，Beijing：Science Press，1984：329(郭轶诚，王震西，非晶态物理学，北京；科学出版社，1984：329)
[31] Shen T D,Schwarz R B.Appl phys Lett,1999:75:49
[32] Inoue A,Zhang T, Itoi T, Takeuchi A.Appl PHYS Lett, 1997;71:464
[33] Inoue A..Bulk Amorphous Alloys (Trans Tech Publisher, Zurich, 1998)
[34] 黄勇杰 非晶态磁性物理与材料 北京：电子科技大学出版社 1991：135～136
[35] 林寈，孙学琛，胡海棠 重新构架一切—新材料 北京：科学出版社，金盾出版社 1998：141～145
[36] Matsubara E,Tamura T, Waseda Y etal. A Structural Study of Amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(30)La_(20) Alloys by the Anomalous X-ray Scattering (AXS) Method. Mater.Trans.JIM, 1991,31(3):228～231
[37] Holland-Moritz D. Short-range Order and Solid-liquid Interfaces in Undercooled Metallic Metals. Materials Science and Engineering, 2001,A304-306:108～112
[38] 边赞 大体积非晶材料的研究．北京：北京科技大学，2000．
[39] Dunst A,Herlach D M, Gillessen F. Formation of Glassy Phase of Fe-Ni-P-B by Containerless Processing. Materials Science and Engineering, 1991,A 133:785～789
[40] Inoue A, Nishiyama N, Matsuda T. Preparation of Bulk Glassy Pb_(40)Ni_(10)Cu_(30)P_(20) alloy of 40mm in Diameter by Water Quenching.Mater.Trans.JIM, 1996,37(2): 181～185
[41] Kui H W, Greer A L,Turnbull D.Formation of Bulk Metallic Glass by Fluxing.Appl.Phys.Lett. 1984,45(3):615～617
[42] 郑兆勃，等 非晶固态材料导论[M]．北京：科学出版社，1987．
[43] Zhang W, Matsusita M, Inoue A. Effect of Dy Addition on the Thermal Stability and Magnetic Properties of the Fe-Co-Nd-B Amorphous Alloys with Supercooled Liquid Region. Mater.Trans.,JIM,2000,41 (8):696～700
[44] Inoue A, Shibara T, Zhang T. Effect of Addition Elemems on Glass Transition Behavior and Glass Formation Tendency of Zr-Al-Cu-Ni Alloys. Mater.Trans.,JIM, 1995,36(12): 1420～1426
[45] Inoue A, Negishi T, Kimura H. Effect of B Addition on the Extension of supercooled Liquid Region in Zr-Cu-Al Base Amorphous Alloys. Mater. Trans,.JIM 1997,38(3): 185～188
[46] Inoue A, Gook J S. Effect of Additional Elements(M) on the Thermal Stability of Supercooled Liquid in Fe_(72-x)Al_5Ga_2P_(11)C_6B_4M_x Glassy Alloys. Mater. Trans., JIM. 1996,37(1):32～38
[47] 张勇，赵德乾，庄艳欣等Zr基块体金属玻璃的形成和性能 金属学报，2000，36(11)：1153～1156
[48] 边赞，何国，陈国良 氧含量及过热度对铸态Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5大体积玻璃合金微观组织结构及力学性能的影响 稀有金属材料与工程 2001，30(3)：190．
[49] Rraskin D,Smith C H. In:Luborsky F E ed., Amorphous Metallic Alloys. London:Butterworths, 2001:381
[50] Smith C H. In:Liebermann H H ed., Rapid Solidified Alloys. New York:Marcel Dekker,2003:617
[51] Wang W H,Wang W K, Bai H Y. Science in China, 1998;A7:756
[52] Li C F, Saida J J, Matsushida M, Inoue A. Scr Mater, 2000;42:923
[53] Zhang Y, Zhao D Q, Pan M X, Wang W H. J Non-CrystSolids,2003;315:206
[54] 邢大伟，孙剑飞，沈军，王刚等Ti含量对(Zr_(0.59)Cu_(0.18)Ni_(0.13)Al_(0.10))_(100-x)Ti_x合金非晶形成能力的影响 金属学报 2004，40(4)416～420
[55] Greer A L. Nature, 2000; 366:303
[56] Wang W H,Yang H B. J Appl Phys,2001;84:5961
[57] Nishiyama.N, Inoue A.Mater Trans JIM,2001 ;31: 1531
[58] MiedemaA R, Chatel P R. Physica B,1980,100:1
[59] 谭晓华，徐晖，董远达Co对Nd—Fe—Al大块非晶合金的晶化行为和磁性能的影响功能材料 2004，1(35)：40～42
[60] 傅明喜，李研，黄兴民等．大块金属玻璃的研究与应用[J]．材料导报，2005，19(7)：57～61．
[61] A Inoue, T, Zhang. Stabilization of super-cooled liquid and bulk glassy alloys in ferrous and non-ferrous system [J]. J. Non-cryst. Solids, 1999,250～252
[62] A Inoue. Synthesis and properties of Ti-based bulk amorphous alloys with a large super-cooled liquid region [J]. Mater. Sci.Forum, 1999,312～314
[63] 蔡安辉，潘冶，孙国雄．化学键参数和原子半径差与BMG合金的GFA关系[J]．中国工程科学，2004，6(7)：81～87．
[64] Sordelet DJ, etal. Appl Phys Lett 2003;83:69