莲藕膨大过程中生理生化变化的研究
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摘要
对莲藕膨大过程中根茎贮藏物质、内源激素、矿质营养的动态变化进行了测定。结果表明：
干物质含量在莲藕膨大过程中逐渐上升，到后期则有一个激增过程，膨大后期干物质含量约为膨大始期的5倍。淀粉含量持续上升，到膨大后期也有一个激增过程，含量为膨大中期的2倍左右，为鲜重的11％～15％。还原糖含量先迅速上升，之后又迅速下降，至膨大后期维持在一个较稳定水平。总糖含量从膨大始期至膨大中期平缓上升，至膨大后期则迅速增加，增幅约2％。蛋白质含量在膨大中前期增加缓慢，膨大后期则有一个激增过程，增幅为膨大中期的2倍，最终其含量占鲜重的1.3％左右。
内源激素GA_3含量在膨大中前期呈平缓上升趋势，至膨大后期又迅速下降。IAA和SA含量在膨大前期略有上升，膨大中期急速上升，膨大后期又急速下降。ZT含量在膨大始期水平最高，在膨大过程中呈不断下降趋势，到膨大后期其含量只有膨大始期的41％～45％。ABA含量膨大前期稍有下降，膨大中期又略有上升，膨大后期则急剧增加，增幅为中期的2.5倍。
矿质元素N、P、K变化趋势一致，在膨大中前期平缓上升，膨大后期急速上升。N、P、K含量及其配比对莲藕的产量有重要影响。钾对莲藕的膨大具有重要作用，与淀粉、干物质含量呈显著正相关。
The changes of reserve materials , endogenous hormones, mineral elements during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome (Nelumbo nucifera Gaer tn.) is analyzed by using the materials of Meirenhong,Wuzhi 2,Elian 4.The results are as follows. Accumulate of reserve materials are tie up with the formation of the swollen lotus ihizom e. The contents of every variety' s dy materials have a dsti.nct increase during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome. The content of anaphase is 5 times than metaphase. The contents of starch increase continually at the whole period. There is a sharp enhance in anaphase. It' sapproximately 2 times than in metaphase and keep 11%~15% of fresh weight ultimately. Reducing sugar levels first increase rapidly and than drop promptly. It keeps a steady level in swollen anaphase. The contents of total dissoluble sugar increase tardily from beginning to metaphase. There is a sharp enhance and 2% in proportion in anaphase. The quantity of protein accumulate assume a slow ascending bee
line before metaphase. In anaphase it achieve top and content is 2 times than metaphase. It keeps 1.3%of fresh weight.
Endogenous hormones react during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome together. But they are not the direct decisive materials. GAi levels enhance continuously from beginning to metaphase, and then descend rapidly. IAA levels increase in prophase in some sort. There is a sharp enhance in metaphase, and than descent rapidly. Contents of them have only 52%~59% of quondam. Contents of ZT descend all the while; they are at tiptop in beginning and at nadir in anaphase. Their levels are 41%~45% of primordial. Contents of ABA descent in some sort in
prophase, and then enhance in a way in metaphase. There is a sharp enhance in anaphase, and their levels are 2.5 times than forward stage. SA also acts a significant role during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome. Transformation trend of SA is in accord with IAA. GA3/IAA has a prominent influence best of all during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome.
Transformation trends of mineral elements are similitude. They all enhance slowly before metaphase, and then rapidly in anaphase. Contents of nitrogen, kalium and their ratio have prominent influences to yields of lotus rhizome. Lotus rhizome is an appreciated kalium crop. Kalium by any possibility is concerned with synthesize and transportation of assimilative production; at the same time, it also influences the levels of endogenous hormones and their ratio.
干物质含量在莲藕膨大过程中逐渐上升，到后期则有一个激增过程，膨大后期干物质含量约为膨大始期的5倍。淀粉含量持续上升，到膨大后期也有一个激增过程，含量为膨大中期的2倍左右，为鲜重的11％～15％。还原糖含量先迅速上升，之后又迅速下降，至膨大后期维持在一个较稳定水平。总糖含量从膨大始期至膨大中期平缓上升，至膨大后期则迅速增加，增幅约2％。蛋白质含量在膨大中前期增加缓慢，膨大后期则有一个激增过程，增幅为膨大中期的2倍，最终其含量占鲜重的1.3％左右。
内源激素GA_3含量在膨大中前期呈平缓上升趋势，至膨大后期又迅速下降。IAA和SA含量在膨大前期略有上升，膨大中期急速上升，膨大后期又急速下降。ZT含量在膨大始期水平最高，在膨大过程中呈不断下降趋势，到膨大后期其含量只有膨大始期的41％～45％。ABA含量膨大前期稍有下降，膨大中期又略有上升，膨大后期则急剧增加，增幅为中期的2.5倍。
矿质元素N、P、K变化趋势一致，在膨大中前期平缓上升，膨大后期急速上升。N、P、K含量及其配比对莲藕的产量有重要影响。钾对莲藕的膨大具有重要作用，与淀粉、干物质含量呈显著正相关。
The changes of reserve materials , endogenous hormones, mineral elements during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome (Nelumbo nucifera Gaer tn.) is analyzed by using the materials of Meirenhong,Wuzhi 2,Elian 4.The results are as follows. Accumulate of reserve materials are tie up with the formation of the swollen lotus ihizom e. The contents of every variety' s dy materials have a dsti.nct increase during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome. The content of anaphase is 5 times than metaphase. The contents of starch increase continually at the whole period. There is a sharp enhance in anaphase. It' sapproximately 2 times than in metaphase and keep 11%~15% of fresh weight ultimately. Reducing sugar levels first increase rapidly and than drop promptly. It keeps a steady level in swollen anaphase. The contents of total dissoluble sugar increase tardily from beginning to metaphase. There is a sharp enhance and 2% in proportion in anaphase. The quantity of protein accumulate assume a slow ascending bee
line before metaphase. In anaphase it achieve top and content is 2 times than metaphase. It keeps 1.3%of fresh weight.
Endogenous hormones react during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome together. But they are not the direct decisive materials. GAi levels enhance continuously from beginning to metaphase, and then descend rapidly. IAA levels increase in prophase in some sort. There is a sharp enhance in metaphase, and than descent rapidly. Contents of them have only 52%~59% of quondam. Contents of ZT descend all the while; they are at tiptop in beginning and at nadir in anaphase. Their levels are 41%~45% of primordial. Contents of ABA descent in some sort in
prophase, and then enhance in a way in metaphase. There is a sharp enhance in anaphase, and their levels are 2.5 times than forward stage. SA also acts a significant role during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome. Transformation trend of SA is in accord with IAA. GA3/IAA has a prominent influence best of all during the formation of the swollen lotus rhizome.
Transformation trends of mineral elements are similitude. They all enhance slowly before metaphase, and then rapidly in anaphase. Contents of nitrogen, kalium and their ratio have prominent influences to yields of lotus rhizome. Lotus rhizome is an appreciated kalium crop. Kalium by any possibility is concerned with synthesize and transportation of assimilative production; at the same time, it also influences the levels of endogenous hormones and their ratio.
引文
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2、曹侃、王槐英等，水生作物栽培，上海科技出版社，1963
3、赵有为、曹碚生，水生蔬菜，科学技术文献出版社重庆分社，1990，17～22
4、陈中道等，中国莲，科学出版社，1987，38～43
5、陈中道、陈跃舟，荷藕生物学特性与高产优质栽培技术的研究初报，中国蔬菜，1987，(4)：12～18
6、屈小江、赵有为，无花类型藕莲品种产量形成与需肥特性的初步研究，园艺学报，1991，18(4)：335～339
7、刘永，日光温室春藕栽培技术，中国蔬菜，1999(5)：36～37
8、Eichler, A. S., Bluthen-Diagramme. Erste Teil. S. Leipzig, 1875, 177～181
9、Wigand and E. Dennert, Nelumbium spediosum, W., Bibl. Bot., 1888, 11: 1～68
10、王希庆，莲的营养体形态及芽的结构初步研究，植物学报，1956，(5)：425～438
11、王希庆，莲的胚芽的结构及其芽鳞的性质，植物学报，1966，(14)：126～133
12、Esau, K. and H. Kosakai, Leaf arrangement in Nelumbo nucifera: A re-exammination of a unique phyllotaxy, Phytomorpholegy, 1975, 25: 100～112
13、陈维培、张四美，莲的根茎构造伸长与增粗，植物学报，1989，31(3)：191～197
14、Plaisted P H. Growth of the potato tuber. Plant Physio, 1957, 132: 445～453
15、Booth A. The role of growth substance in the development of stolons. pp99～113. In the Growth of the Potato, Eds J D Ivans and F L Milthorpe. Butterworths, London, 1963
16、Vreugdenhil D and Struik P C, An integrated view of the hormonal regulation of tuber formation in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.), Physiol Plant, 1989, 75: 525～531
17、Xie C., Physiology of tuber growth and tuber size control in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) Ph D thesis, Wye College, University of London, 1989, 113～144
18、Prat S., Frommer W. B., Hofgen R., Gene expression during tuber development in potato, PEBS, 268: 234～338
19、丁存明等，莲藕膨大过程中若干重要生化变化，江苏农业科学，1995，6：50～51
20、朱世东等，荸荠球茎萌发与形成过程的生化变化，园艺学报，1987 14(3)：179～184
21、吕文河等，马铃薯块茎中干物质与蛋白质、维生素C及还原糖的关系，马铃薯杂志，1993，7(4)：193～196
22、张永成，马铃薯块茎形成规律的研究，马铃薯杂志，1997，11(1)：15～18
23、杨宗广、罗小明，甘薯产量形成动态及蛋白质的分配与积累，华南农业大学学报，1991，12(2)：104～110
24、Muller Robert B, Sonnewald D, Willmitzer L, inhibition of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphoryiase in transgenic potatoes leads to sugar-storing tubers and expression of tuber storage protein genes, The EMBOJ, 11: 1229～1238
25、Fu Y, Ballicora M A, Preiss J, Mutagenesis of the glucose-1-phosphate-binding site of potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphoryiase, Plant Physiol, 1998, 117: 989～996
26、Struik P C, et at, Physiological and genetic control of tuber formation, Potato Res, 1999, 42: 313～331
27、李良俊、李式军等，僵藕生长过程中茎叶内源激素与多胺含量的变化，园艺学报，2000，27(6)：423～427
28、Wareing P F and Jermings A M V. The hormonal control of tuberization in potato. In plant Growth, 1980
29、Struik P C, Vreugdenhil D, Haverkort A T, Bus C B and Dankert R. Possible mechanisms of size hierarchy among tubers on one stem of a potato(Solamum tuberosum) Plant Potato Res, 1991, 34: 187-203
30、刘梦芸、蒙美莲等，GA_3、IAA、CTK和ABA对马铃薯块茎形成调控作用的研究，内蒙古农牧学院学报，1997，18(2)：16～20
31、刘梦芸等，马铃薯块茎内源激素变化与块茎增大生长的相关规律，华北农学报，1997 12(2)：86～92
32、郭得平等，光敏素和激素对洋葱鳞茎形成的调控及其作用机制，植物生理学通讯，1996，32(3)：228～234
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