大球盖菇优化栽培技术研究
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摘要
大球盖菇(Stropharia rugoso-annulata)是一种菇味浓郁鲜美、营养丰富的珍稀食用菌,是联合国粮农组织向发展中国家推荐栽培的食用菌之一。大球盖菇对秸秆、树枝等农林废弃物具有很好的降解能力。大球盖菇一直未在北方规模化生产的主要原因是制种周期长、污染率高。所以,对大球盖菇各级菌种培养条件的优化对推广栽培大球盖菇具有重要意义。
通过对母种培养基和培养条件等诸多因素的探讨,得到了大球盖菇母种培养的最适条件:马铃薯20%,蔗糖2.5%,玉米粉0.4%,蛋白胨0.1%,6-BA 0.5mg/L,琼脂2%,水1000 mL,培养温度为26℃,在此培养条件下大球盖菇母种菌丝满管时间比在PDA培养基中缩短了33.1%。为缩短制种周期,选择了液体菌种制备原种的制种形式。从培养基和培养条件两方面对液体菌种的培养环境进行了优化,确定了最终的培养方案为:将0.5 cm3菌块接种到起始pH值6.5,装有100 mL液体培养基的250 mL三角瓶中,26℃,160 r/ min培养120h。液体培养基中含有玉米粉1%,蔗糖2.5%,豆饼粉2%,酵母膏0.2%,三十烷醇0.5mg/L,6-BA 0. 25mg/L,2,4-D 0. 25mg/L,水1000 mL。在此培养条件下菌丝鲜重达到了33.673g/100mL,菌球直径较小,大部分在1~2mm,菌球数达358个/mL,符合液体菌种的应用要求。
液体菌种应用的最佳菌龄为96h。利用液体菌种的制种方式可明显的缩短整个菌种制备的周期。用液体菌种接麦粒种可使原种的制备时间缩短53.6%,栽培袋的发菌时间缩短29d,整个制种周期缩短40%。
对大球盖菇的栽培料进行了探讨,最终确定了树叶、麦秸秆和木屑三种农林废弃物是较为理想的大球盖菇栽培料,三者的最佳配比为:木屑30%、麦秸秆40%、树叶30%。
Stropharia rugoso-annulata is a nutritional and functional mushroom with pleasant refreshing taste, and is one of the mushroom recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization cultivated in developing countries. Stropharia rugoso-annulata has the characteristics of high degradation ability on off-fall of agriculture and forestry, such as straw and branch. In Stropharia rugoso-annulata production, easy pollution of spawn and the long culture period have become limiting factors for mass production of Stropharia rugoso-annulata in the North. So, it has a great significance to optimize the cultivation conditions of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
The optimal conditions of the mother seed are potatoes 20%, sucrose 2.5%, corn flour 0.4%, peptone 0.1%, 6-BA 0.5mg/L, agar 2%, water 1000 mL, cultivation temperature 26℃. Under the optimization conditions, the time that mycelium fill the test tube is shortened by 33.1% than PDA medium. In order to shorten the cycle of the production spawn, we use the liqud spawn to produce the stock. The optimal cultivation system of the liqud spawn is as follows: inoculating quantity(0.5 cm3), the intial pH (6.5), liquid medium volume(100 mL/250 mL), temperature ( 26℃) , rotation speed(160 r/ min), and fermentation time(120h). The optimal medium combination of liquid spawn: sucrose 2.5%, corn flour 1%, yeast extract 0.2%, bean flour 2%, triacontanol 0.5mg/L, 6-BA 0.25mg/L, 2,4-D 0. 25mg/L, water 1000 mL. Under these conditions, the mycelium fresh weight reaches 33.673g/100mL , the mycelial pellet diameter is mostly between 1~2mm and the mycelial pellet nos. achieves 358 per 1 mL .The fermentation mycelial pellet is suitable for using as liquid spawn.
The optimal application age of liquid spawn is 96h. Using liquid spawn remarkably shorten the strain production cycle. The production time of stock is shortened by 53.6% , the cultivation time is reduced 29d and the time of strain production cycle is shortened by 40%.
The ideal cultivation substrate of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is sawdust, wheat straw, deciduous leaf, and the optimal combination of the three substrate is sawdust 30%, wheat straw 40%, deciduous leaf 30%.
通过对母种培养基和培养条件等诸多因素的探讨,得到了大球盖菇母种培养的最适条件:马铃薯20%,蔗糖2.5%,玉米粉0.4%,蛋白胨0.1%,6-BA 0.5mg/L,琼脂2%,水1000 mL,培养温度为26℃,在此培养条件下大球盖菇母种菌丝满管时间比在PDA培养基中缩短了33.1%。为缩短制种周期,选择了液体菌种制备原种的制种形式。从培养基和培养条件两方面对液体菌种的培养环境进行了优化,确定了最终的培养方案为:将0.5 cm3菌块接种到起始pH值6.5,装有100 mL液体培养基的250 mL三角瓶中,26℃,160 r/ min培养120h。液体培养基中含有玉米粉1%,蔗糖2.5%,豆饼粉2%,酵母膏0.2%,三十烷醇0.5mg/L,6-BA 0. 25mg/L,2,4-D 0. 25mg/L,水1000 mL。在此培养条件下菌丝鲜重达到了33.673g/100mL,菌球直径较小,大部分在1~2mm,菌球数达358个/mL,符合液体菌种的应用要求。
液体菌种应用的最佳菌龄为96h。利用液体菌种的制种方式可明显的缩短整个菌种制备的周期。用液体菌种接麦粒种可使原种的制备时间缩短53.6%,栽培袋的发菌时间缩短29d,整个制种周期缩短40%。
对大球盖菇的栽培料进行了探讨,最终确定了树叶、麦秸秆和木屑三种农林废弃物是较为理想的大球盖菇栽培料,三者的最佳配比为:木屑30%、麦秸秆40%、树叶30%。
Stropharia rugoso-annulata is a nutritional and functional mushroom with pleasant refreshing taste, and is one of the mushroom recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization cultivated in developing countries. Stropharia rugoso-annulata has the characteristics of high degradation ability on off-fall of agriculture and forestry, such as straw and branch. In Stropharia rugoso-annulata production, easy pollution of spawn and the long culture period have become limiting factors for mass production of Stropharia rugoso-annulata in the North. So, it has a great significance to optimize the cultivation conditions of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
The optimal conditions of the mother seed are potatoes 20%, sucrose 2.5%, corn flour 0.4%, peptone 0.1%, 6-BA 0.5mg/L, agar 2%, water 1000 mL, cultivation temperature 26℃. Under the optimization conditions, the time that mycelium fill the test tube is shortened by 33.1% than PDA medium. In order to shorten the cycle of the production spawn, we use the liqud spawn to produce the stock. The optimal cultivation system of the liqud spawn is as follows: inoculating quantity(0.5 cm3), the intial pH (6.5), liquid medium volume(100 mL/250 mL), temperature ( 26℃) , rotation speed(160 r/ min), and fermentation time(120h). The optimal medium combination of liquid spawn: sucrose 2.5%, corn flour 1%, yeast extract 0.2%, bean flour 2%, triacontanol 0.5mg/L, 6-BA 0.25mg/L, 2,4-D 0. 25mg/L, water 1000 mL. Under these conditions, the mycelium fresh weight reaches 33.673g/100mL , the mycelial pellet diameter is mostly between 1~2mm and the mycelial pellet nos. achieves 358 per 1 mL .The fermentation mycelial pellet is suitable for using as liquid spawn.
The optimal application age of liquid spawn is 96h. Using liquid spawn remarkably shorten the strain production cycle. The production time of stock is shortened by 53.6% , the cultivation time is reduced 29d and the time of strain production cycle is shortened by 40%.
The ideal cultivation substrate of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is sawdust, wheat straw, deciduous leaf, and the optimal combination of the three substrate is sawdust 30%, wheat straw 40%, deciduous leaf 30%.
引文
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[5] Chang R. Functional properties of edible mushroom[J]. Nutr Rev, 1996, 54(11): 91-94
[6] Qian ZI, Liu HJ. Polysaccharide peptide(PSP) restores immunosuppression induced by cyclophsphamide in rats[J]. Am J Chin Med , 1997, 25(1): 27-30
[7]郭春沅.真菌多糖的免疫调节作用[J].中国食用菌, 2000, 19(3): 6-9
[8] Hawksworth DL, Kirk BC, Pegler DN, et al. Dictionary of the fungiⅧ[M]. CABI, 1996
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[10] Bruhn JN, Kozak ME and Krawczyk J. Woodland speciality mushrooms: Who grows them and what are the problems In :Mushroom Science XV. Maastricht[J]. the Netherlands, 2000
[11]佘冬芳,樊卫国,徐彦军.白灵菇和大球盖菇的营养分析与比较.食用菌[J], 2007(4): 57-58
[12]徐彦军,樊卫国,佘冬芳.麦草生料栽培对大球盖菇生长及营养成分的影响.种子[J], 2008, 27(6): 60-63
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