SCP微生物—化学氧化絮凝工艺处理皂素生产废水的研究
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摘要
黄姜皂素废水中富含糖类和色素、果胶质和蛋白等难以生物降解的大分子有机物,是一种强酸性、高浓度有机废水。由于加工规模、资金、技术的限制,目前尚未有成熟、经济的皂素废水处理技术,废水污染已成为制约皂素产业健康发展的瓶颈。本研究针对目前皂素生产企业的现状,本着废水资源化利用和达标处理的原则,将SCP(Single-Cell-Protein)微生物发酵技术和废水处理技术相结合应用于皂素废水处理,以期寻求一种简单易行、高效低耗和易被企业接受的技术方法,达到皂素废水的资源化利用、以废养废和有效解决污染问题的目的。
本研究以皂素生产过程排放的综合废水为研究对象,采用SCP微生物-化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺,以废水COD、色度去除率、处理成本及效益为考察指标,分别研究各种SCP微生物一级处理和各种化学絮凝剂二级处理皂素废水的工艺条件、影响因素、处理成本及效益,通过对处理成本和效益的对比,确定出低成本或高效益的SCP微生物-化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺,研究主要结果如下:
1.产朊假丝酵母处理皂素废水时,通过单因素和正交试验确定的优化工艺条件为:在30℃、接种量为10%、处理3天、通风比(VVM)=1∶1.5、废水起始pH5.5、废水中N、P(尿素和KH2PO4)添加量的比例为m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=50∶5∶1的条件下,产朊假丝酵母对废水COD去除率达89.56%,处理液中细胞干重达24.9g/L。
2.白腐真菌对皂素废水进行处理时,通过单因素和正交试验所确定的优化工艺条件为:在30℃、通风比为1∶0.5、接种量150 mL/L、处理时间4 d、废水的起始pH 4.5、废水中N、P(尿素和KH2PO4)添加量的比例为m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=100∶5∶1 mg.mg-1.mg-1、废水中纤维素添加量的比例为m(CODCr)∶m(纤维素)=1∶0.01 mg.mg-1、废水中MgSO4添加量为0.05 g/L的条件下,白腐真菌对皂素废水的COD去除率可达95.02%,色度去除率可达20%,处理液中细胞干重可达29.9g/L。
3.通过对比2种SCP微生物处理皂素生产综合废水的一级工艺,对废水COD和色度去除率高、处理利润高、效益好的工艺为白腐真菌处理的工艺;处理成本低、投资风险小的工艺为产朊假丝酵母处理的工艺。
4.对比2种化学氧化絮凝二级处理皂素废水的工艺,对各种SCP微生物处理后的皂素废水COD和色度去除率较高,以及处理成本最低的工艺为聚合铁化学氧化絮凝的工艺。用单因素试验方法确定其优化条件为:在常温30℃、处理30min、静置30min的条件下,通过对经产朊假丝酵母、白腐真菌处理后的皂素废水的出水比较,聚合铁的最佳投加量分别为:4.5g/L、1.75g/L,二级处理后各种处理液出水的COD、色度和pH三项指标均可达到GB18918-2002所规定的一级或二级排放标准。
5.对比2种SCP微生物-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理皂素废水的工艺,处理成本低、投资风险小的工艺为产朊假丝酵母-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺;处理利润高、效益好的工艺为白腐真菌-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺。
6.若不计废水处理的设备投资、人员工资和管理费用,对每吨皂素综合废水,当用产朊假丝酵母-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺时,处理成本为39.50元,处理利润为-2.15元,废水总的COD和色度去除率分别为:99.25%、96.68%;当用白腐真菌-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺时,处理成本为40.6元,处理的利润为4.25元,废水总的COD和色度去除率分别为:99.7%、96.9%。
本研究首次将SCP微生物-化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺应用于皂素生产废水的处理,该工艺不仅能够高效除去废水中的有机污染物,使出水的COD、色度和pH三项指标均可达到GB18918-2002所规定的一级排放标准,而且变废为宝,产生了一定的经济和社会效益,为我国皂素行业污水治理提供了一种新的思路和方法,具有一定的推广和应用价值。
Saponin wastewater has plenty of sugar and a few pigment, gum, albumen and so on, which include large molecules and difficult to be biodegradated, so saponin wastewater is a kind organic wastewater of high concentration and acidity. Because of confinement of producers scale, finance,technique, up to date, the mature and economical technology of treating saponin wastewater hasn’t occurred. And the problem of saponin wastewater pollution has become a bottleneck problem on developing saponin industry healthfully. This study was based on current situation of enterprises producing saponin wastewater and the principle of transforming wastewater into resource and achieving standard emission. It combined technology of fermentation and wastewater treatment to treat saponin wastewater in order to seek a simple,high efficient,low energy-cost technological way that could be easily accepted by saponin enterprises. At the same time it could gain the aim of producing resource and solving the environmental pollution. The subject of this thesis was comprehensive resolution of saponin wastewater released during the process of producing saponin and the research indication was saponin wastewater,s COD removal rate, saponin wastewate,s color removal rate,the cost and benefits of treatment. Through the use of SCP(Single-Cell-Protein) microbes-chemical oxidize flocculation dual level treatment, in this experiment, I respectively studied the primary treatment of diversified microbes and the conditions, factors, cost and profit caused by diversified chemical oxidize flocculation during the process of producing saponin wastewater. After contrasting the cost to the profit, I achieved the dual level treatment SCP microbes-chemical oxidize flocculation which has lower costs but higher profits. The following results were obtained:
Firstly, the technological conditions of treatement of saponin manufacturing wastewater by utilis were studied through orthogonal optimizing experiments and single factor experiments, the optimized technological condition was obtained: when temperature 30℃, inoculation 10%, treattime 3d, VVM=1∶1.5,the start pH of wastewater is 5.5, carbamide and KH2PO4 added into the wastewater according to m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=50∶5∶1, the saponin wastewater’s CODCr remoral rate reached 89.56%, and dry cell weight is 24.9 g/L in the treatment wstewater.
Secondly, the technological conditions of treatement of saponin manufacturing wastewater by white rot fungus were studied through orthogonal optimizing experiments and single factor experiments, the optimized technological condition was obtained: when temperature 30℃, VVM=1∶0.5,inoculation 150 mL/L, treattime 4d, the start pH of wastewater is 4.5, carbamide and KH2PO4 added into the wastewater according to m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=100∶5∶1, cellulose added into the wastewater according to m(CODCr)∶m(cellulose)=1∶0.01 mg.mg-1, and MgSO4 added into the wastewater according to 0.05 g/L, the saponin wastewater’s CODCr remoral rate reached 95.02%, the color removal rate is 20%, and dry cell weight is 29.9 g/L in the treatment wstewater.
Thirdly, through analyzing the two primary level technology of disposal on saponin wastewater by SCP microbes, the first optimized technology is white rot fungus treatment technology, because it has the highest profits, and wastewater’s COD removal and color removal rate are higher. The second optimized technology is utilis treatment technology, because of it,s lower costs and small investment.
Forthly, by contrasting the two second level chemical oxidizer flocculation technological of disposal on saponin wastewater by flocculation, the optimized technology is polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation technology, because it can effectively remove COD and color of different treatment saponin wastewater by SCP microbes, at the same time, its costs is lower. The technological conditions of treatement of saponin manufacturing wastewater by polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation were studied through orthogonal simple factor experiments, the optimized technological condition was obtained: when temperature 30℃, treattime 30min, static place 30min,the polymerized iron added into the after treatment wastewater by utilis according to 4.5 g/L, the polymerized iron added into the after treatment wastewater by white rot fungus according to 1.75 g/L, the COD, color and pH of different emission of wastewater by polymerized iron reach the first or second standard of GB18918-2002.
Fifthly, by contrasting the two technological of disposal on saponin wastewater by SCP microbes-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation dual level treatment technology, the first optimized technology is effective utilis-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology because of its lower costs and small investment. The second optimized technology is white rot fungus-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology because of it’s best benefits.
Sixthly, except the cost of equipment, the salary of worker and the cost of management, when handling saponin wastewater per ton, it is treated by utilis-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology, the treatment cost of per ton saponin waste water is 39.50 yuan, it’s profit is -2.15 yuan. The wastewater’s COD removal rate can reach 99.25 % and the color removal rate is 96.68 %. When saponin wastewater was treated by white rot fungus-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology, its cost is 40.6 Yuan, its profit is 4.25 Yuan, the COD removal rate of wastewater can reach 99.7 %,the color removal rate is 96.9 %.
In this study SCP microbes-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation second level treatment technology is applied to treating saponin wastewater at the first time. The technology can remove carbon and decolorize remarkably, at the same time it can make the COD, color and pH of different emission of wastewater reach the first or second standard of GB18918-2002. Moreover, the technology can translate the pollutant into the resource, and produce the economic and social benefits. This study proves a new method and idea to treat saponin wastewater and it will definitely have a certain value to extend and apply.
本研究以皂素生产过程排放的综合废水为研究对象,采用SCP微生物-化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺,以废水COD、色度去除率、处理成本及效益为考察指标,分别研究各种SCP微生物一级处理和各种化学絮凝剂二级处理皂素废水的工艺条件、影响因素、处理成本及效益,通过对处理成本和效益的对比,确定出低成本或高效益的SCP微生物-化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺,研究主要结果如下:
1.产朊假丝酵母处理皂素废水时,通过单因素和正交试验确定的优化工艺条件为:在30℃、接种量为10%、处理3天、通风比(VVM)=1∶1.5、废水起始pH5.5、废水中N、P(尿素和KH2PO4)添加量的比例为m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=50∶5∶1的条件下,产朊假丝酵母对废水COD去除率达89.56%,处理液中细胞干重达24.9g/L。
2.白腐真菌对皂素废水进行处理时,通过单因素和正交试验所确定的优化工艺条件为:在30℃、通风比为1∶0.5、接种量150 mL/L、处理时间4 d、废水的起始pH 4.5、废水中N、P(尿素和KH2PO4)添加量的比例为m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=100∶5∶1 mg.mg-1.mg-1、废水中纤维素添加量的比例为m(CODCr)∶m(纤维素)=1∶0.01 mg.mg-1、废水中MgSO4添加量为0.05 g/L的条件下,白腐真菌对皂素废水的COD去除率可达95.02%,色度去除率可达20%,处理液中细胞干重可达29.9g/L。
3.通过对比2种SCP微生物处理皂素生产综合废水的一级工艺,对废水COD和色度去除率高、处理利润高、效益好的工艺为白腐真菌处理的工艺;处理成本低、投资风险小的工艺为产朊假丝酵母处理的工艺。
4.对比2种化学氧化絮凝二级处理皂素废水的工艺,对各种SCP微生物处理后的皂素废水COD和色度去除率较高,以及处理成本最低的工艺为聚合铁化学氧化絮凝的工艺。用单因素试验方法确定其优化条件为:在常温30℃、处理30min、静置30min的条件下,通过对经产朊假丝酵母、白腐真菌处理后的皂素废水的出水比较,聚合铁的最佳投加量分别为:4.5g/L、1.75g/L,二级处理后各种处理液出水的COD、色度和pH三项指标均可达到GB18918-2002所规定的一级或二级排放标准。
5.对比2种SCP微生物-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理皂素废水的工艺,处理成本低、投资风险小的工艺为产朊假丝酵母-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺;处理利润高、效益好的工艺为白腐真菌-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺。
6.若不计废水处理的设备投资、人员工资和管理费用,对每吨皂素综合废水,当用产朊假丝酵母-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺时,处理成本为39.50元,处理利润为-2.15元,废水总的COD和色度去除率分别为:99.25%、96.68%;当用白腐真菌-聚合铁化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺时,处理成本为40.6元,处理的利润为4.25元,废水总的COD和色度去除率分别为:99.7%、96.9%。
本研究首次将SCP微生物-化学氧化絮凝两级处理工艺应用于皂素生产废水的处理,该工艺不仅能够高效除去废水中的有机污染物,使出水的COD、色度和pH三项指标均可达到GB18918-2002所规定的一级排放标准,而且变废为宝,产生了一定的经济和社会效益,为我国皂素行业污水治理提供了一种新的思路和方法,具有一定的推广和应用价值。
Saponin wastewater has plenty of sugar and a few pigment, gum, albumen and so on, which include large molecules and difficult to be biodegradated, so saponin wastewater is a kind organic wastewater of high concentration and acidity. Because of confinement of producers scale, finance,technique, up to date, the mature and economical technology of treating saponin wastewater hasn’t occurred. And the problem of saponin wastewater pollution has become a bottleneck problem on developing saponin industry healthfully. This study was based on current situation of enterprises producing saponin wastewater and the principle of transforming wastewater into resource and achieving standard emission. It combined technology of fermentation and wastewater treatment to treat saponin wastewater in order to seek a simple,high efficient,low energy-cost technological way that could be easily accepted by saponin enterprises. At the same time it could gain the aim of producing resource and solving the environmental pollution. The subject of this thesis was comprehensive resolution of saponin wastewater released during the process of producing saponin and the research indication was saponin wastewater,s COD removal rate, saponin wastewate,s color removal rate,the cost and benefits of treatment. Through the use of SCP(Single-Cell-Protein) microbes-chemical oxidize flocculation dual level treatment, in this experiment, I respectively studied the primary treatment of diversified microbes and the conditions, factors, cost and profit caused by diversified chemical oxidize flocculation during the process of producing saponin wastewater. After contrasting the cost to the profit, I achieved the dual level treatment SCP microbes-chemical oxidize flocculation which has lower costs but higher profits. The following results were obtained:
Firstly, the technological conditions of treatement of saponin manufacturing wastewater by utilis were studied through orthogonal optimizing experiments and single factor experiments, the optimized technological condition was obtained: when temperature 30℃, inoculation 10%, treattime 3d, VVM=1∶1.5,the start pH of wastewater is 5.5, carbamide and KH2PO4 added into the wastewater according to m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=50∶5∶1, the saponin wastewater’s CODCr remoral rate reached 89.56%, and dry cell weight is 24.9 g/L in the treatment wstewater.
Secondly, the technological conditions of treatement of saponin manufacturing wastewater by white rot fungus were studied through orthogonal optimizing experiments and single factor experiments, the optimized technological condition was obtained: when temperature 30℃, VVM=1∶0.5,inoculation 150 mL/L, treattime 4d, the start pH of wastewater is 4.5, carbamide and KH2PO4 added into the wastewater according to m(CODCr)∶m(N)∶m(P)=100∶5∶1, cellulose added into the wastewater according to m(CODCr)∶m(cellulose)=1∶0.01 mg.mg-1, and MgSO4 added into the wastewater according to 0.05 g/L, the saponin wastewater’s CODCr remoral rate reached 95.02%, the color removal rate is 20%, and dry cell weight is 29.9 g/L in the treatment wstewater.
Thirdly, through analyzing the two primary level technology of disposal on saponin wastewater by SCP microbes, the first optimized technology is white rot fungus treatment technology, because it has the highest profits, and wastewater’s COD removal and color removal rate are higher. The second optimized technology is utilis treatment technology, because of it,s lower costs and small investment.
Forthly, by contrasting the two second level chemical oxidizer flocculation technological of disposal on saponin wastewater by flocculation, the optimized technology is polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation technology, because it can effectively remove COD and color of different treatment saponin wastewater by SCP microbes, at the same time, its costs is lower. The technological conditions of treatement of saponin manufacturing wastewater by polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation were studied through orthogonal simple factor experiments, the optimized technological condition was obtained: when temperature 30℃, treattime 30min, static place 30min,the polymerized iron added into the after treatment wastewater by utilis according to 4.5 g/L, the polymerized iron added into the after treatment wastewater by white rot fungus according to 1.75 g/L, the COD, color and pH of different emission of wastewater by polymerized iron reach the first or second standard of GB18918-2002.
Fifthly, by contrasting the two technological of disposal on saponin wastewater by SCP microbes-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation dual level treatment technology, the first optimized technology is effective utilis-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology because of its lower costs and small investment. The second optimized technology is white rot fungus-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology because of it’s best benefits.
Sixthly, except the cost of equipment, the salary of worker and the cost of management, when handling saponin wastewater per ton, it is treated by utilis-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology, the treatment cost of per ton saponin waste water is 39.50 yuan, it’s profit is -2.15 yuan. The wastewater’s COD removal rate can reach 99.25 % and the color removal rate is 96.68 %. When saponin wastewater was treated by white rot fungus-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation treatment technology, its cost is 40.6 Yuan, its profit is 4.25 Yuan, the COD removal rate of wastewater can reach 99.7 %,the color removal rate is 96.9 %.
In this study SCP microbes-polymerized iron chemical oxidizer flocculation second level treatment technology is applied to treating saponin wastewater at the first time. The technology can remove carbon and decolorize remarkably, at the same time it can make the COD, color and pH of different emission of wastewater reach the first or second standard of GB18918-2002. Moreover, the technology can translate the pollutant into the resource, and produce the economic and social benefits. This study proves a new method and idea to treat saponin wastewater and it will definitely have a certain value to extend and apply.
引文
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