黑龙江漠河地区分形成矿远景预测研究
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摘要
黑龙江漠河地区矿产资源分布广泛，以往对该区的研究资料及资源勘查成果显示这一区域具有良好的找矿前景。在这一地区进行矿产资源远景评价，对该区矿产资源开发利用具有十分重要的意义。本文从分形理论及分形模型在黑龙江漠河地区矿产资源预测应用角度出发，建立研究区地质数据分形模型。在此基础上，对地质数据分形模型中无标度区识别问题进行了研究，使用导数识别方法确定元素化探异常范围，得到漠河地区成矿元素异常分形维度值：Au元素2.65，Cu元素3.19，Pb元素2.48，Zn元素3.52。元素异常下限克拉克值分别为：Au元素2.9×10~(-9)，Cu元素28.1×10~(-6)，Pb元素28.6×10~(-6)，Zn元素116.2×10~(-6)，在确定研究区成矿元素分维值及异常下限的基础上，圈定元素异常范围。对区内主要断裂构造及各成矿子区断裂分维值进行分形计算，NE向线性构造的分维值为1.22，NW向线性构造分维值为1.05。这一计算结果表明北东向断裂对于区内成矿元素的活化和成矿流体的运移聚集起到主要作用。分形计算得到四个子成矿区断裂构造分维值：二十五站1.26、开库康1.25、东方红林场1.32、塔河1.16。通过以上计算结果得到，断裂体系分维值大的地区矿床空间分布也较为密集，研究区内具有高分维值的构造断裂与成矿具有正相关性。通过与岩体、地层、断裂等成矿地质要素综合分析，最终圈定出五个成矿远景区为西部白卡鲁山—长缨站区，老沟—二十五站，东北部笔架山—马林林场区，中部分布在蒙克山—防火站区，富乐—阿木鲁山区。在此基础上将使用证据权重法及人工神经网络计算方法获得的预测结果与采用分形模型得到的成矿远景区进行对比分析，验证分形方法在成矿预测工作中的有效性。多种方法比较结果表明，通过综合分形成矿远景预测能够获得良好预测效果。
Mohe area is located in the north of North Greater Khingan Range Heilongjiangprovince, at the southeast of the Siberia plate. It is fragmentation development,geologic structure complexity and minerogenetic geological conditions superiority.
In the field of geology, the geological phenomenon such as energy release andmatter accumulation is nonlinear in nature. The ore body spatial inhomogeneous isdue to the zonation and asymmetry of tectonic stresses, ore-controlling wall rock,mineralization fluids, elemental concentrations, etc. So the traditional statisticsmethod cannot calculate the distribution of elements objectively. Based on fractaltheory and metallogenic theories as the research foundation, object the elementgeochemical data, regional stratigraphy, structure and interpretation of remotesensing information etc, combined with the regional metallogenic background andknown ore to analysis. It has researched of spatial information metallogenicprognosis in Heilongjiang province by adopting the multifractal model, weights ofevidence method etc. Based on the research above, the different methods arecompared, and finally delineate ore-prospecting in the study area. The researchfindings and achievement in this paper are as follows:
1. The research of fractal calculation method and fractal model. As a kind ofnonlinear analysis method, the fractal model can objectively describe themetallogenic system, metallogenic process, mineralization enrichment regularity andspatial distribution of mineral resources. Meanwhile, it provides an effective and practical method for the quantitative simulation of mineralization and recognition theweak anomaly. In this paper, we state the related concepts and model of thecalculation method of fractal dimension, singularity, generalized self-similarity andmultifractal spectrum. Make a comprehensive exploration about physical sense,mutual relationship and application effect of the fractal. Then form the geologicalpoint of view to study the correlation between multifractal model characteristics anddistribution features of metallogenic system structure
2. Based on analysis of the geochemical data in Mohe, Heilongjiang province.To calculate the geochemical data of Au, Cu, Zn, Pb elements by fractal model andthen establish the multifractal model of these geochemical data. To research theintegral law of metallogenic elements distribution by the fractal distribution model,and calculate the fractal characteristics of geochemical data in Ershiwuzhan,Kaikukang, Dongfanghong forest farm and Tahe respectively. This research gets theresult that there are different fractal characteristics in different region, and thenpoints out the element enrichment area.
3. Study of the identification method of fractal model’s non-scale range. In thisresearch, the double logarithm curve of fractal model is divided by derivativeidentification method. And use the mathematical properties of the derivative todetermine the fractal model’s non-scale range of the elements’ geological data.Relative to the traditional identification methods, the derivative identificationmethod has better accuracy and practicality.
4. This paper takes elements distribution and genesis as the major study object.It is strata developed, magmatism frequency, metamorphic deformation multiphaseand formed the different tectonic environment type and a variety of structure type.The mineralized type of main ore sites in study area is hydrothermal, and thefractures play an important role to control the mineralization. Therefore the fractalcharacteristic of fractures and the deposit ores positions is taking as research content.Research results show that, the ore sites are controlled by the NE fractures and thepositive relationship between the number of ore sites and the value of the dimension.
5. In order to confirm the validity in the model of the fractal model metallogenic prediction, this study uses the weight evidence to evaluate themineralization beneficial area. The weight evidence is a statistics analysis pattern ofthe similar analogy theory. It gets the final result by compound and overlaps thefactors. The disadvantage of this method is the evidence factor rely on the planar. Ifthe one dimensional ore-controlling elements want to be calculated as a factor layerit must be convert to planar. That’s virtually expanding anomaly area. Comparedwith the weight of evidence method, the fractal model narrows down the favorablemetallogenic area and reduces the background noise.
6. Through geological significance of the fractal model‘s dimension value toexplain spatial variations and concentration of Au element in the study area. Andthen get the gold anomaly area.According to the relationship among gold elementabnormality areas, the geological characteristics and Cu, Zn, Pb elementsabnormality areas,8regions have gold ore prospecting potential, spread in BaikaluMountain–Changying station, Laogou-ershiwu station,Bijia Mountain-Malin,Menke Mountain-Fire station and Fule-Amulu Mountain. It provide basis for furthermineral prediction and exploitation.
Mohe area is located in the north of North Greater Khingan Range Heilongjiangprovince, at the southeast of the Siberia plate. It is fragmentation development,geologic structure complexity and minerogenetic geological conditions superiority.
In the field of geology, the geological phenomenon such as energy release andmatter accumulation is nonlinear in nature. The ore body spatial inhomogeneous isdue to the zonation and asymmetry of tectonic stresses, ore-controlling wall rock,mineralization fluids, elemental concentrations, etc. So the traditional statisticsmethod cannot calculate the distribution of elements objectively. Based on fractaltheory and metallogenic theories as the research foundation, object the elementgeochemical data, regional stratigraphy, structure and interpretation of remotesensing information etc, combined with the regional metallogenic background andknown ore to analysis. It has researched of spatial information metallogenicprognosis in Heilongjiang province by adopting the multifractal model, weights ofevidence method etc. Based on the research above, the different methods arecompared, and finally delineate ore-prospecting in the study area. The researchfindings and achievement in this paper are as follows:
1. The research of fractal calculation method and fractal model. As a kind ofnonlinear analysis method, the fractal model can objectively describe themetallogenic system, metallogenic process, mineralization enrichment regularity andspatial distribution of mineral resources. Meanwhile, it provides an effective and practical method for the quantitative simulation of mineralization and recognition theweak anomaly. In this paper, we state the related concepts and model of thecalculation method of fractal dimension, singularity, generalized self-similarity andmultifractal spectrum. Make a comprehensive exploration about physical sense,mutual relationship and application effect of the fractal. Then form the geologicalpoint of view to study the correlation between multifractal model characteristics anddistribution features of metallogenic system structure
2. Based on analysis of the geochemical data in Mohe, Heilongjiang province.To calculate the geochemical data of Au, Cu, Zn, Pb elements by fractal model andthen establish the multifractal model of these geochemical data. To research theintegral law of metallogenic elements distribution by the fractal distribution model,and calculate the fractal characteristics of geochemical data in Ershiwuzhan,Kaikukang, Dongfanghong forest farm and Tahe respectively. This research gets theresult that there are different fractal characteristics in different region, and thenpoints out the element enrichment area.
3. Study of the identification method of fractal model’s non-scale range. In thisresearch, the double logarithm curve of fractal model is divided by derivativeidentification method. And use the mathematical properties of the derivative todetermine the fractal model’s non-scale range of the elements’ geological data.Relative to the traditional identification methods, the derivative identificationmethod has better accuracy and practicality.
4. This paper takes elements distribution and genesis as the major study object.It is strata developed, magmatism frequency, metamorphic deformation multiphaseand formed the different tectonic environment type and a variety of structure type.The mineralized type of main ore sites in study area is hydrothermal, and thefractures play an important role to control the mineralization. Therefore the fractalcharacteristic of fractures and the deposit ores positions is taking as research content.Research results show that, the ore sites are controlled by the NE fractures and thepositive relationship between the number of ore sites and the value of the dimension.
5. In order to confirm the validity in the model of the fractal model metallogenic prediction, this study uses the weight evidence to evaluate themineralization beneficial area. The weight evidence is a statistics analysis pattern ofthe similar analogy theory. It gets the final result by compound and overlaps thefactors. The disadvantage of this method is the evidence factor rely on the planar. Ifthe one dimensional ore-controlling elements want to be calculated as a factor layerit must be convert to planar. That’s virtually expanding anomaly area. Comparedwith the weight of evidence method, the fractal model narrows down the favorablemetallogenic area and reduces the background noise.
6. Through geological significance of the fractal model‘s dimension value toexplain spatial variations and concentration of Au element in the study area. Andthen get the gold anomaly area.According to the relationship among gold elementabnormality areas, the geological characteristics and Cu, Zn, Pb elementsabnormality areas,8regions have gold ore prospecting potential, spread in BaikaluMountain–Changying station, Laogou-ershiwu station,Bijia Mountain-Malin,Menke Mountain-Fire station and Fule-Amulu Mountain. It provide basis for furthermineral prediction and exploitation.
引文
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