塔中地区下古生界储层评价与分布
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摘要
塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层具有良好的勘探前景,已有的研究表明该地区碳酸盐岩储层类型具有多样性、复杂性,储层非均质性强的特点,目前对储层分布规律认识不清,从而制约了勘探进展。因此,深入研究塔中地区不同类型碳酸盐岩储层特征,客观评价储层的质量和空间分布规律是很有必要的。
论文在吸收前人研究的基础上,充分利用录井、钻井、测井和测试分析资料,对研究区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层物性特征、孔隙结构特征、储集空间等进行了研究,完成了储层分类和分布特征等评价工作。
岩心物性分析表明塔中奥陶系储层为低孔低渗致密岩石。良里塔格组、鹰山组储层相对发育,个别层段发育有Φ>4%的样品,具有较好的储集性,白云岩的孔隙度略高于灰岩。地层基质渗透率很低,良里塔格组、鹰山组样品中出现有较高渗透率样品,反映储层中发育有微裂缝。塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩孔隙类型多样化,部分储层为孔隙较大、喉道较粗的孔隙结构,大部分为致密岩石孔隙结构特征。研究发现白云岩储层是研究区内非常重要的储层类型,晶间孔及晶间溶、溶蚀孔洞和岩溶缝孔洞是重要且普遍发育的储渗空间类型。
利用BP神经网络原理解释了研究区19口井的孔隙度,取得了较好的结果。根据测井解释孔隙度值对各井储层进行了分类评价。良里塔格组、鹰山组及蓬莱坝组地层中发育一定厚度的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层累计厚度与地层厚度比约0.2-0.3。储层以薄层状分布于地层中,也可见单层厚度10米以上的储层。
良里塔格组礁滩相储层是区内有利储层,颗粒灰岩中溶蚀孔隙、溶蚀孔洞发育,孔洞规模较小,为溶蚀孔洞型储层。储层主要分布在上部的泥质条带灰岩段和中部颗粒灰岩段。塔中Ⅰ号断裂带是良里塔格组礁滩相储层发育的有利区带,卡1区块良里塔格组储层不发育。
鹰山组及蓬莱坝组储层孔隙空间多为晶间孔、溶孔、溶洞、岩溶缝洞等,但孔洞规模较小,主要为白云岩溶蚀孔洞缝型储层。储层多分布在鹰山组上部。鹰山组及蓬莱坝组储层发育区奥陶系顶部一般缺失桑塔木组。
The exploration prospect of Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area is quite good, but the existisng researches have shown that the types of carbonate reservoirs in this area are characterized by diversity and complication, and the reservoirs are of strong heterogeneity. In addition to the condition that the reservoir distribution rule is not quite clear, the exploration process is constrained. So, it is quite necessary to proceed further study about carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area and objectively evaluate the reservoir quality and its spatial distribution characteristics.
On the basis of previous studies and by full use of analysis data like mud logging, drilling, logging and well test data, the author has researched the reservoir physical property, pore structure characteristics and storage space, and has finished the evaluation of reservoir characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics.
The core test results have shown that the Ordovician reservoirs belong to low-porosity and low-permeability rocks. The reservoir in Lianglitage Formation and Yingshan Formation develop better; porosity of samples in some layers is higher than 4%, which indicates better reservoir performance; porosity of dolomites is higher than limestone. The formation matrix permeability is quite low, but there are samples in Lianglitage Formation and Yingshan Formation have very high permeability, which indicates micro-fractures in the reservoir. The pore types in studying area are diverse, some reservoirs are with big pores and thick throats, but most the rocks belong to dense carbonate reservoirs. The researches have also shown that dolomites are the main reservoir types in studying area, and intercrystalline pore and intercrystalline dissolved pore, corroded pore and cave and cleft in karst are the most important and developed infiltration and storage space.
Based on principles of BP neural network theory, the author has interpreted the porosity of 19 wells and has archived good results. On the basis of interpreted porosity, the reservoirs of every single well have been classified and evaluated. TypeⅠa nd typemⅡreservoirs mainly distribute in Lianglitage Formation, Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation; the ratio of typeⅠand typeⅡreservoirs’thickness to total formation’s thickness is 0.2-0.3. The reservoirs distribute laminatedly in the formation and reservoir of which thickness is higher than 10m could also be found.
Lianglitage Formation reef and shoal facies is the advantageous area for reservoir distribution. Dissolved pores and dissolved caves are developed in grain limestone, because the pores and caves are small, the reservoirs belong to dissolved vug reservoir. The reservoirs mainly distribute in the upper shale strip limestone section and the middle grain limestone section. The prospect area for reef and shoal facies reservoirs of Lianglitage Formation is located in Tazhong No.1 fault belt and reservoirs of Lianglitage Formation in Katake No.1 block are not developed.
Pore types of Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation are mainly intercrystalline dissolved pore, dissolved pore, dissolved vug and karst fracture-cavity, but the vugs and pores are small. The reservoirs belong to dissolved vug limestone reservoir. Yingshan Formation mainly develops in the upper section. The reservoir in Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation are well developed in areas where Sangtamu Formation is lost in the top of Ordivision system.
论文在吸收前人研究的基础上,充分利用录井、钻井、测井和测试分析资料,对研究区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层物性特征、孔隙结构特征、储集空间等进行了研究,完成了储层分类和分布特征等评价工作。
岩心物性分析表明塔中奥陶系储层为低孔低渗致密岩石。良里塔格组、鹰山组储层相对发育,个别层段发育有Φ>4%的样品,具有较好的储集性,白云岩的孔隙度略高于灰岩。地层基质渗透率很低,良里塔格组、鹰山组样品中出现有较高渗透率样品,反映储层中发育有微裂缝。塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩孔隙类型多样化,部分储层为孔隙较大、喉道较粗的孔隙结构,大部分为致密岩石孔隙结构特征。研究发现白云岩储层是研究区内非常重要的储层类型,晶间孔及晶间溶、溶蚀孔洞和岩溶缝孔洞是重要且普遍发育的储渗空间类型。
利用BP神经网络原理解释了研究区19口井的孔隙度,取得了较好的结果。根据测井解释孔隙度值对各井储层进行了分类评价。良里塔格组、鹰山组及蓬莱坝组地层中发育一定厚度的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层累计厚度与地层厚度比约0.2-0.3。储层以薄层状分布于地层中,也可见单层厚度10米以上的储层。
良里塔格组礁滩相储层是区内有利储层,颗粒灰岩中溶蚀孔隙、溶蚀孔洞发育,孔洞规模较小,为溶蚀孔洞型储层。储层主要分布在上部的泥质条带灰岩段和中部颗粒灰岩段。塔中Ⅰ号断裂带是良里塔格组礁滩相储层发育的有利区带,卡1区块良里塔格组储层不发育。
鹰山组及蓬莱坝组储层孔隙空间多为晶间孔、溶孔、溶洞、岩溶缝洞等,但孔洞规模较小,主要为白云岩溶蚀孔洞缝型储层。储层多分布在鹰山组上部。鹰山组及蓬莱坝组储层发育区奥陶系顶部一般缺失桑塔木组。
The exploration prospect of Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area is quite good, but the existisng researches have shown that the types of carbonate reservoirs in this area are characterized by diversity and complication, and the reservoirs are of strong heterogeneity. In addition to the condition that the reservoir distribution rule is not quite clear, the exploration process is constrained. So, it is quite necessary to proceed further study about carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area and objectively evaluate the reservoir quality and its spatial distribution characteristics.
On the basis of previous studies and by full use of analysis data like mud logging, drilling, logging and well test data, the author has researched the reservoir physical property, pore structure characteristics and storage space, and has finished the evaluation of reservoir characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics.
The core test results have shown that the Ordovician reservoirs belong to low-porosity and low-permeability rocks. The reservoir in Lianglitage Formation and Yingshan Formation develop better; porosity of samples in some layers is higher than 4%, which indicates better reservoir performance; porosity of dolomites is higher than limestone. The formation matrix permeability is quite low, but there are samples in Lianglitage Formation and Yingshan Formation have very high permeability, which indicates micro-fractures in the reservoir. The pore types in studying area are diverse, some reservoirs are with big pores and thick throats, but most the rocks belong to dense carbonate reservoirs. The researches have also shown that dolomites are the main reservoir types in studying area, and intercrystalline pore and intercrystalline dissolved pore, corroded pore and cave and cleft in karst are the most important and developed infiltration and storage space.
Based on principles of BP neural network theory, the author has interpreted the porosity of 19 wells and has archived good results. On the basis of interpreted porosity, the reservoirs of every single well have been classified and evaluated. TypeⅠa nd typemⅡreservoirs mainly distribute in Lianglitage Formation, Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation; the ratio of typeⅠand typeⅡreservoirs’thickness to total formation’s thickness is 0.2-0.3. The reservoirs distribute laminatedly in the formation and reservoir of which thickness is higher than 10m could also be found.
Lianglitage Formation reef and shoal facies is the advantageous area for reservoir distribution. Dissolved pores and dissolved caves are developed in grain limestone, because the pores and caves are small, the reservoirs belong to dissolved vug reservoir. The reservoirs mainly distribute in the upper shale strip limestone section and the middle grain limestone section. The prospect area for reef and shoal facies reservoirs of Lianglitage Formation is located in Tazhong No.1 fault belt and reservoirs of Lianglitage Formation in Katake No.1 block are not developed.
Pore types of Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation are mainly intercrystalline dissolved pore, dissolved pore, dissolved vug and karst fracture-cavity, but the vugs and pores are small. The reservoirs belong to dissolved vug limestone reservoir. Yingshan Formation mainly develops in the upper section. The reservoir in Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation are well developed in areas where Sangtamu Formation is lost in the top of Ordivision system.
引文
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