盾构掘进设备中的管片拼装机机构设计方法
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摘要
在掘进隧道的施工方法中,盾构法是一种应用非常广泛的施工方法。本文结合国内近年来对盾构开发的迫切需要,在国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)的支持下,对盾构掘进设备中用于给盾构开挖后的隧道表面贴上管片的重要部件——管片拼装机进行了详细的分析。本文的研究主要包括以下三个方面:
1管片拼装机的构型与性能分析
为将管片更快更好的安装到指定位置,管片拼装机需要做空间的多维运动,管片拼装机的空间多维运动包括三个主运动:轴向平移运动,径向平移运动,周向回转运动,以及三个姿态调整运动:横摇,俯仰,偏转。根据运动形式,对构型的问题进行分析,确定了构型后,进行运动学分析,并验证运动学方程的准确性,最后根据管片拼装机的实际工作状况,结合并联机构的特点,设计一种带有球面二自由度并联机构的新型管片拼装机。
2管片拼装机的主要部件及驱动油缸的受力分析
管片拼装机作为一种大型设备,要平稳,安全的进行拼装作业,各个驱动油缸的设计至关重要。驱动油缸主要有俯仰油缸,偏转油缸,升降油缸,平移油缸。本文针对管片拼装机的转动平台,左右提升横梁,旋转盘体以及平移机构进行受力分析,研究各个驱动液压缸的受力变化情况。
3 CAD模型的建立及数值算例
利用三维建模软件建立盾构及管片拼装机的CAD模型,再利用该软件中的Mechanic模块,给管片拼装机的各个连接加上运动副,给各个油缸加上驱动,动画实现管片拼装机的工作过程。根据第二章得到的运动学方程,以及第三章计算得到的管片拼装机主要部件和驱动油缸受力方程,第四章得到的部件结构尺寸,给出具体数值算例,并通过数学软件,得到了管片拼装机抓取管片后的回转运动时以及姿态调整时,各个驱动油缸受力变化情况。
本文的研究为盾构掘进设备中的六自由度管片拼装机机构设计及驱动油缸的结构强度设计提供了依据。
Shield tunneling method has a widespread application. With the support of National Key Basic Research and Development Scheme, a comprehensive research on segment erector which is used in segment lining for the new surface during shield tunneling is developed. The research in this paper mainly includes three aspects, as followed.
1 Type synthesis and performance analysis of segment erector mechanism
To make the segment lining faster and better, the segment erector is required to undergo the multidimensional movements which include three main movements: namely translation along the axis; translation along radial, gyration and three orientation adjustable movements: traversing, pitching and deflexion. Base on the different motion patterns, the mechanism is confirmed and the kinematics analysis is performed. Also, the kinematic equations are verified. At last, a new type of segment erector with 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism is proposed.
2 Force analysis
The driven oil cylinders include traversing oil cylinders, lifting oil cylinder, pitching oil cylinders and deflexion oil cylinders. The analysis is aimed at the turning platform, left and right lifting beam, gyration body and translation mechanism.
3 CAD modeling and examples
The CAD model of shield machine and segment erector are built up with the software Pro/engineer. The working process is also simulated. According to the kinematic equations obtained from chapter 2, the force equations about the driving from chapter 3 and the dimensions of the parts from chapter 4, an example is given. Through the software Maple, the curves about the force on the driven oil cylinders are drawn during the machine making the gyration movement and the adjustable movement.
All the analysis above lay foundation for the design of segment erector mechanism and the strength design of hydraulic cylinders structure.
1管片拼装机的构型与性能分析
为将管片更快更好的安装到指定位置,管片拼装机需要做空间的多维运动,管片拼装机的空间多维运动包括三个主运动:轴向平移运动,径向平移运动,周向回转运动,以及三个姿态调整运动:横摇,俯仰,偏转。根据运动形式,对构型的问题进行分析,确定了构型后,进行运动学分析,并验证运动学方程的准确性,最后根据管片拼装机的实际工作状况,结合并联机构的特点,设计一种带有球面二自由度并联机构的新型管片拼装机。
2管片拼装机的主要部件及驱动油缸的受力分析
管片拼装机作为一种大型设备,要平稳,安全的进行拼装作业,各个驱动油缸的设计至关重要。驱动油缸主要有俯仰油缸,偏转油缸,升降油缸,平移油缸。本文针对管片拼装机的转动平台,左右提升横梁,旋转盘体以及平移机构进行受力分析,研究各个驱动液压缸的受力变化情况。
3 CAD模型的建立及数值算例
利用三维建模软件建立盾构及管片拼装机的CAD模型,再利用该软件中的Mechanic模块,给管片拼装机的各个连接加上运动副,给各个油缸加上驱动,动画实现管片拼装机的工作过程。根据第二章得到的运动学方程,以及第三章计算得到的管片拼装机主要部件和驱动油缸受力方程,第四章得到的部件结构尺寸,给出具体数值算例,并通过数学软件,得到了管片拼装机抓取管片后的回转运动时以及姿态调整时,各个驱动油缸受力变化情况。
本文的研究为盾构掘进设备中的六自由度管片拼装机机构设计及驱动油缸的结构强度设计提供了依据。
Shield tunneling method has a widespread application. With the support of National Key Basic Research and Development Scheme, a comprehensive research on segment erector which is used in segment lining for the new surface during shield tunneling is developed. The research in this paper mainly includes three aspects, as followed.
1 Type synthesis and performance analysis of segment erector mechanism
To make the segment lining faster and better, the segment erector is required to undergo the multidimensional movements which include three main movements: namely translation along the axis; translation along radial, gyration and three orientation adjustable movements: traversing, pitching and deflexion. Base on the different motion patterns, the mechanism is confirmed and the kinematics analysis is performed. Also, the kinematic equations are verified. At last, a new type of segment erector with 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism is proposed.
2 Force analysis
The driven oil cylinders include traversing oil cylinders, lifting oil cylinder, pitching oil cylinders and deflexion oil cylinders. The analysis is aimed at the turning platform, left and right lifting beam, gyration body and translation mechanism.
3 CAD modeling and examples
The CAD model of shield machine and segment erector are built up with the software Pro/engineer. The working process is also simulated. According to the kinematic equations obtained from chapter 2, the force equations about the driving from chapter 3 and the dimensions of the parts from chapter 4, an example is given. Through the software Maple, the curves about the force on the driven oil cylinders are drawn during the machine making the gyration movement and the adjustable movement.
All the analysis above lay foundation for the design of segment erector mechanism and the strength design of hydraulic cylinders structure.
引文
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[3] 杨华勇, 龚国芳. 盾构掘进机发展战略研究[J]. 城市交通隧道工程最新技术——2003 上海国际隧道工程研讨会论文集,2003.
[4] 崔国华, 王国强, 何恩光, 张英爽. 盾构机的研究现状及发展前景[J]. 矿山机械. 2006, 6(34): 24~27.
[5] 丁书福. 盾构管片拼装机电液控制系统研究. 浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
[6] Pitman Ptess, Barbara Stack. Handbook of Mining and Tunneling Machinery. Great Britain. 1982(1).
[7] Yukinori Koyama. Present Status and Technology of Shield Tunneling Method in Japan. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2003(18).
[8] 张凤祥, 朱合华, 傅德明. 盾构隧道. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[9] G. Wayne Clough, Eric Leca. EPB Shield Tunneling in Mixed Face Conditions. J. Geotech. Engrg. 119, 1640 (1993).
[10] National Research Council Staff. Drilling and Excavation Technologies for the Future, National Academies Press, 1994.
[11] Thomas Kaspera, Günther Meschke. On the influence of face pressure, grouting pressure and TBM design in soft ground tunneling. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. 21(2006): 160~171.
[12] 汪茂祥. 海瑞克土压平衡式盾构机. 工程机械与维修[J]. 2003, 66(1), 65~66.
[13] D. T. C. Yao, J. H. Guo, H. C. Chao. Earth Pressure Linings of Shield Tunnel, ASCE Conf. Proc. 199, 32(2006).
[14] 胡胜利. 乔世珊. 泥水式盾构机.建筑机械[J]. 2000(4):21~25
[15] 邢彤, 龚国芳, 胡国良, 杨华勇. 盾构刀盘驱动液压系统设计. 液压与驱动[J]. 2005(4): 22~23.
[16] 黄旭就. 关于国内盾构机开发的探讨. 装备制造技术[J],2006(2): 3~7.
[17] 刘永强, 王连锁, 谭晶辉, 邢丽英. 天津城建一号 Φ 6.34m土压平衡式盾构机. 天津市政工程[J]. 2004(4): 25~28.
[18] 王志新,殷琨. 盾构技术在我国地下空间的利用和新发展.建筑技术开发[J]. 2006(8): 36~39.
[19] 白杉, 周洁. 中国盾构掘进机的发展和应用.筑路机械与施工机械. 2004(7).
[20] 杜守峰. 南京地铁盾构机掘进与参数选择. 隧道建设[J]. 2004, 24(2): 67~70.
[21] 韩亚丽, 陈馈. 南京地铁盾构隧道管片拼装技术. 隧道建设[J]. 2003, 23(2): 16~17.
[22] Masahiro Maeda, Kotaro Kushiyama. Use of compact shield tunneling method in urban underground construction, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology ,20 (2005): 159~166.
[23] Yukinori Koyama. Technology of shield tunneling method in Japan. Tunneling and UndergroundSpace Technology. 24 (2003): 158~164.
[24] Watanabe Takashi, Tanaka Toshiharub, Abe Tsuyoshic, Mukuno Katsuhiko. Development of a new composite structure segment for large diameter shield tunnel. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. 19 (2004): 449~450.
[25] http://www.csce.org.cn/xdzl/20/6.asp.
[26] http://www.biaoshu.com/dgj/dgj.htm.
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