美国黄松引种气候适生区区划研究
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摘要
适度引进国外优良种质资源,可以充实和加强植物资源基因库,丰富植物品种的生态多样性、遗传多样性和种质优异性,有利于我国的生态环境工程建设。美国黄松是北美地区广泛分布的松属树种,其生长迅速,适应性强,抗逆性强,经济价值高,是一个很好的外来针叶树种。
为了使美国黄松引种驯化成功,在充分了解其生物学特征及生理特点,掌握其对生态环境的要求的基础上,对原产地与引种地的各个环境因素进行详细的分析比较,从而判断引种成功可能性的大小,并提出相适宜的栽培推广措施。
本文分别对美国黄松的两个变种,太平洋黄松和落基山黄松的气候生态适生区进行区划。区划的方法是根据气候相似性理论,选取年平均气温、≥10℃积温、绝对最低气温、绝对最高气温、最冷月平均气温、最热月平均气温、年降水量、夏半年降水量(5～8月)、年日照时数9个气候因子作为分析因素,并利用层次分析法赋予各因素的权重值,应用模糊相似优先比法对我国美国黄松的气候生态区进行划分。
1、落基山黄松的气候适生区应用海明距离模糊相似优先比法对落基山黄松进行气候区划,结果表明:
(1)适宜引种区域为华北平原北部、辽宁西南部、黑龙江西南部、西北黄土高原区中部,新疆伊宁地区。其气候条件与落基山黄松原产地相似,是我国引种落基山黄松的理想区域。
(2)引种的次适宜区是适宜区的进一步延伸区域,其气候条件与原产地较相似,包括华北平原东南部、辽宁西部、黑龙江东南部、吉林西北部,黄土高原西部、西北干旱风沙区局部,新疆乌鲁木齐地区。
(3)不适宜区的气候条件与原产地的差异较大,不利于引种。包括适宜区、次适宜区以外的区域。
2、太平洋黄松的气候适生区
应用欧氏距离模糊相似优先比法对落基山黄松进行气候区划,结果表明:
(1)引种适宜区主要集中在40～45°N的辽宁西部、华北平原北部、晋冀鲁山地丘陵;黄土高原区中部;新疆伊宁、喀什;四川甘孜地区。
(2)引种的次适宜区围绕适宜区向外扩展,向北延伸至辽宁东北部、向东延伸至河南、山东北部;西北至甘肃西部、新疆西南部;向西南可达川西高原某些地区。
(3)除以上地区以外的其他区域与原产地气候条件差异较大,不利于太平洋黄松生长,为不适宜引种区。
Moderate introduction of superior foreign germplasm resources was favorable for China's ecological environment construction, because it could enrich the plant resources gene bank and the ecological diversity, genetics diversity, species superiority of plant variety. Pinus ponderosa was widely ranged in North America. Pinus ponderosa was a kind of superior plant resources for its rapid growth, adaptability, strong resistance and high economic value.
In order to introduce Pinus ponderosa successfully, it is necessary to understand its biological and physiological characteristics, and the requirement on ecological environment.
In this foundation, the environmental factors of source area and introducing area were analyzed and compared well, to determined the chance of success, and thusly brought appropriate measures to promote cultivation.
Based on the theory of climatic analogues, 9 factors namely annual average temperature, annual heating degree day≥10℃, the lowest temperature, the highest temperature, average temperatures of the coldest month, average temperatures of the hottest month, annual precipitation, summer precipitation, annual sunshine hours, were chosen in the analysis for the introduction of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa.and P. ponderosa var. scopulorum. The weight of those factors were gave by analytical hierarchy process. The suitable climatic and ecological regions in China for introduction of P. ponderosa were divided by applying the analysis statistic method of similitude priority ratio.
Ⅰ.The suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum
In this article, the suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum in China were divided by applying the analysis statistic method of Hamming distance similitude priority ratio. The main results are as follows:
(1)The favorable regions including north of North China Plain, southwest of Liaoning and Heilongjiang, midland of Loess Plateau, Yining in Xinjiang province for their climate conditions are close to the source area.
(2)The less favorable introducing areas are the extension of favorable regions which distributed at southeast of North China Plain, west of Liaoning, southeast of Heilongjiang, northwest of Jilin, west of Loess Plateau, part of northwest dry aeolian sand region, Wulumuqi in Xinjiang province.
(3)The remaining areas were unfavorable because of the differences in climate conditions.
Ⅱ.The suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa
In this article, the suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa in China were divided by applying the analysis statistic method of Euclidean fuzzy distance similitude priority ratio. The main results are as follows:
(1) The favorable regions distributed at middle-east area of 40～45°N including west of Liaoning, north of North China Plain, Jin-Ji-Lu mountainous-hilly regions, midland of Loess Plateau, Yining and Kashi in Xinjiang province,Ganzi in Sichuan province.
(2)The less favorable introducing areas distributed at northeast of Liaoning, north of Henan and Shandong, west of Gansu and southwest of Xinjiang, some areas in Chuanxi Plateau.
(3)The remaining areas were unfavorable because of the differences in climate conditions.
为了使美国黄松引种驯化成功,在充分了解其生物学特征及生理特点,掌握其对生态环境的要求的基础上,对原产地与引种地的各个环境因素进行详细的分析比较,从而判断引种成功可能性的大小,并提出相适宜的栽培推广措施。
本文分别对美国黄松的两个变种,太平洋黄松和落基山黄松的气候生态适生区进行区划。区划的方法是根据气候相似性理论,选取年平均气温、≥10℃积温、绝对最低气温、绝对最高气温、最冷月平均气温、最热月平均气温、年降水量、夏半年降水量(5～8月)、年日照时数9个气候因子作为分析因素,并利用层次分析法赋予各因素的权重值,应用模糊相似优先比法对我国美国黄松的气候生态区进行划分。
1、落基山黄松的气候适生区应用海明距离模糊相似优先比法对落基山黄松进行气候区划,结果表明:
(1)适宜引种区域为华北平原北部、辽宁西南部、黑龙江西南部、西北黄土高原区中部,新疆伊宁地区。其气候条件与落基山黄松原产地相似,是我国引种落基山黄松的理想区域。
(2)引种的次适宜区是适宜区的进一步延伸区域,其气候条件与原产地较相似,包括华北平原东南部、辽宁西部、黑龙江东南部、吉林西北部,黄土高原西部、西北干旱风沙区局部,新疆乌鲁木齐地区。
(3)不适宜区的气候条件与原产地的差异较大,不利于引种。包括适宜区、次适宜区以外的区域。
2、太平洋黄松的气候适生区
应用欧氏距离模糊相似优先比法对落基山黄松进行气候区划,结果表明:
(1)引种适宜区主要集中在40～45°N的辽宁西部、华北平原北部、晋冀鲁山地丘陵;黄土高原区中部;新疆伊宁、喀什;四川甘孜地区。
(2)引种的次适宜区围绕适宜区向外扩展,向北延伸至辽宁东北部、向东延伸至河南、山东北部;西北至甘肃西部、新疆西南部;向西南可达川西高原某些地区。
(3)除以上地区以外的其他区域与原产地气候条件差异较大,不利于太平洋黄松生长,为不适宜引种区。
Moderate introduction of superior foreign germplasm resources was favorable for China's ecological environment construction, because it could enrich the plant resources gene bank and the ecological diversity, genetics diversity, species superiority of plant variety. Pinus ponderosa was widely ranged in North America. Pinus ponderosa was a kind of superior plant resources for its rapid growth, adaptability, strong resistance and high economic value.
In order to introduce Pinus ponderosa successfully, it is necessary to understand its biological and physiological characteristics, and the requirement on ecological environment.
In this foundation, the environmental factors of source area and introducing area were analyzed and compared well, to determined the chance of success, and thusly brought appropriate measures to promote cultivation.
Based on the theory of climatic analogues, 9 factors namely annual average temperature, annual heating degree day≥10℃, the lowest temperature, the highest temperature, average temperatures of the coldest month, average temperatures of the hottest month, annual precipitation, summer precipitation, annual sunshine hours, were chosen in the analysis for the introduction of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa.and P. ponderosa var. scopulorum. The weight of those factors were gave by analytical hierarchy process. The suitable climatic and ecological regions in China for introduction of P. ponderosa were divided by applying the analysis statistic method of similitude priority ratio.
Ⅰ.The suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum
In this article, the suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum in China were divided by applying the analysis statistic method of Hamming distance similitude priority ratio. The main results are as follows:
(1)The favorable regions including north of North China Plain, southwest of Liaoning and Heilongjiang, midland of Loess Plateau, Yining in Xinjiang province for their climate conditions are close to the source area.
(2)The less favorable introducing areas are the extension of favorable regions which distributed at southeast of North China Plain, west of Liaoning, southeast of Heilongjiang, northwest of Jilin, west of Loess Plateau, part of northwest dry aeolian sand region, Wulumuqi in Xinjiang province.
(3)The remaining areas were unfavorable because of the differences in climate conditions.
Ⅱ.The suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa
In this article, the suitable climatic and ecological regions for introduction of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa in China were divided by applying the analysis statistic method of Euclidean fuzzy distance similitude priority ratio. The main results are as follows:
(1) The favorable regions distributed at middle-east area of 40～45°N including west of Liaoning, north of North China Plain, Jin-Ji-Lu mountainous-hilly regions, midland of Loess Plateau, Yining and Kashi in Xinjiang province,Ganzi in Sichuan province.
(2)The less favorable introducing areas distributed at northeast of Liaoning, north of Henan and Shandong, west of Gansu and southwest of Xinjiang, some areas in Chuanxi Plateau.
(3)The remaining areas were unfavorable because of the differences in climate conditions.
引文
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