基于TRIZ的空气动力汽车关键零部件研究
摘要
随着知识经济时代的到来和全球经济一体化进程的不断加速,企业处于日益激烈的市场竞争环境之中,走自主创新之路是企业的必然选择。合理运用TRIZ理论可以极大促进企业和工程技术人员把握发明创造的科学规律、解决产品创新中的冲突问题。效应是TRIZ中最容易使用的工具之一,只有开发出一个大型的效应知识库,才能使效应实用化。对同一个设计任务,用不同的原理去完成,可以产生多种新颖的设计方案,而这些原理可以从效应库中查找。
本文介绍了基于TRIZ理论的CAI技术和空气动力汽车的国内外研究现状。综述了基于TRIZ的概念设计。以TRIZ理论为基础,利用Visual Basic为系统的开发平台,结合ACCESS技术和HTML技术构建了支持产品创新设计的CAI系统,该系统可以进行冲突矩阵的查询,可以以不同的方式来查询效应,即基于功能的查询和基于输入输出流的查询。
本文分析了内燃机汽车的功能模型,找出了其有害功能并予以消除。运用概念设计中的FEE模型和效应库中的效应以及实例指导新能源汽车的设计。利用一级相变效应,即以压缩空气作为动力来驱动汽车。利用压缩空气的压力能推动活塞运动,使之转化为机械能,使曲轴转动,从而驱动车辆行驶,实现零污染排放。空气动力汽车能够满足空气污染比较严重的城市的迫切需要,能替代部分短途交通工具。本文分析了压缩空气动力汽车气缸中的热力学过程,对等温膨胀过程、多态过程、绝热膨胀过程进行了比较。对不同原子结构的气体在绝热过程中对外做功进行了比较。运用MATLAB设计了空气动力汽车凸轮的理论廓线和实际廓线。确定了多级膨胀方案,运用SolidWorks中的Flow Simulation对多级气缸之间的不同换热器进行了仿真分析,比较了在材料、进气压力、膨胀气体不同时换热器的换热效果,从而选择最优方案。
Along with arrival of the knowledge economy era and the course of the global economic integration speeding up, in the increasingly fierce market competition environment, to take the road of independent innovation is the inevitable choice for any enterprises. Rational use of TRIZ can greatly promote the enterprises and engineers to grasp the laws of the innovation and resolve the conflict in product innovation. The effects is one of the easiest tools of TRIZ, only to develop a large effects knowledge base can make effects more practical. With regard to a same design, with the different principles to complete, can produce a variety of novel design, these principles are available in the effects base.
This paper introduces the research status at home and aboard of the CAI technology based on TRIZ and air powered car. Based on the theory of TRIZ, uses of the Visual Basic as development platform and combines ACCESS and HTML technology to build a CAI system which support for product innovative design. This system can query contradiction matrix and effects in different Ways. That is query based on function and based on the input and output streams.
This paper analyzes the function model of the internal combustion engine vehicle for identifying the harmful functions and to eliminate them. Use the FEE model of conceptual design and effects of effect knowledge base and examples to guide the design of new energy vehicles. To use the first order phase transition effect, That is to uses compressed air as the driving force to drive the car. Use the compressed air to push the piston, transfer pressure energy into mechanical energy, turns the crankshaft, thus driving the vehicle is in motion, no emissions. Air powered vehicles will meet the urgent need of more serious air pollution in the city, can replace some of the short-distance transport. This paper analyzes thermodynamic process in the cylinder of air powered cars, compares the isothermal expansion process, polymorphic process adiabatic expansion process. Compares the energy of different atomic structure gas in adiabatic process. Using MATLAB to design a theoretical contour and the practical contour of the cam in the air powered car. Proposing a multi-stage expansion process, using SolidWorks Flow Simulation to analysis the different heat exchanger in the cylinder. Compared the different material, inlet pressure and the expanding gas for the heat exchangers, then selected the best one.
本文介绍了基于TRIZ理论的CAI技术和空气动力汽车的国内外研究现状。综述了基于TRIZ的概念设计。以TRIZ理论为基础,利用Visual Basic为系统的开发平台,结合ACCESS技术和HTML技术构建了支持产品创新设计的CAI系统,该系统可以进行冲突矩阵的查询,可以以不同的方式来查询效应,即基于功能的查询和基于输入输出流的查询。
本文分析了内燃机汽车的功能模型,找出了其有害功能并予以消除。运用概念设计中的FEE模型和效应库中的效应以及实例指导新能源汽车的设计。利用一级相变效应,即以压缩空气作为动力来驱动汽车。利用压缩空气的压力能推动活塞运动,使之转化为机械能,使曲轴转动,从而驱动车辆行驶,实现零污染排放。空气动力汽车能够满足空气污染比较严重的城市的迫切需要,能替代部分短途交通工具。本文分析了压缩空气动力汽车气缸中的热力学过程,对等温膨胀过程、多态过程、绝热膨胀过程进行了比较。对不同原子结构的气体在绝热过程中对外做功进行了比较。运用MATLAB设计了空气动力汽车凸轮的理论廓线和实际廓线。确定了多级膨胀方案,运用SolidWorks中的Flow Simulation对多级气缸之间的不同换热器进行了仿真分析,比较了在材料、进气压力、膨胀气体不同时换热器的换热效果,从而选择最优方案。
Along with arrival of the knowledge economy era and the course of the global economic integration speeding up, in the increasingly fierce market competition environment, to take the road of independent innovation is the inevitable choice for any enterprises. Rational use of TRIZ can greatly promote the enterprises and engineers to grasp the laws of the innovation and resolve the conflict in product innovation. The effects is one of the easiest tools of TRIZ, only to develop a large effects knowledge base can make effects more practical. With regard to a same design, with the different principles to complete, can produce a variety of novel design, these principles are available in the effects base.
This paper introduces the research status at home and aboard of the CAI technology based on TRIZ and air powered car. Based on the theory of TRIZ, uses of the Visual Basic as development platform and combines ACCESS and HTML technology to build a CAI system which support for product innovative design. This system can query contradiction matrix and effects in different Ways. That is query based on function and based on the input and output streams.
This paper analyzes the function model of the internal combustion engine vehicle for identifying the harmful functions and to eliminate them. Use the FEE model of conceptual design and effects of effect knowledge base and examples to guide the design of new energy vehicles. To use the first order phase transition effect, That is to uses compressed air as the driving force to drive the car. Use the compressed air to push the piston, transfer pressure energy into mechanical energy, turns the crankshaft, thus driving the vehicle is in motion, no emissions. Air powered vehicles will meet the urgent need of more serious air pollution in the city, can replace some of the short-distance transport. This paper analyzes thermodynamic process in the cylinder of air powered cars, compares the isothermal expansion process, polymorphic process adiabatic expansion process. Compares the energy of different atomic structure gas in adiabatic process. Using MATLAB to design a theoretical contour and the practical contour of the cam in the air powered car. Proposing a multi-stage expansion process, using SolidWorks Flow Simulation to analysis the different heat exchanger in the cylinder. Compared the different material, inlet pressure and the expanding gas for the heat exchangers, then selected the best one.
引文
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[2]牛占文,徐燕申,林岳等.实现产品创新的关键技术—计算机辅助创新技术[J].机械工程学报.2000,36(1)：11-11.
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[6]刘仁伟.基于TRIZ的计算机辅助产品创新设计系统研究与开发[D].山东大学硕士论文.2012：1-2.
[7]马力辉.面向多冲突问题的TRIZ关键技术研究[D].河北工业大学博士学位论文,2007：2-3.
[8]http://inventionmachine.com.
[9]http://www.ideationtriz.com.
[10]http://www.iwint.com.cn.
[11]Invention Machine, Inc.Kate Heinle and Setsuko Sasaki. TechOptimizer User Guide Version4.0.1995-2003.
[12]http://jdx.xmu.edu.cn/iaerc/content.asp?id=7.
[13]董建强,王科社,庄福晓.常用计算机辅助产品创新设计软件的分析[J].煤炭技术.27(12)：9-11.
[14]IWINT, Inc. Pro/InnovatorTM2004 User Guide [Z].2004.
[15]http://www.trisolver.com.
[16]http://www.creax.com.
[17]http://www.insytec.com.
[18]李彦,王杰,李翔龙,等.创造性思维及计算机辅助产品创新设计研究[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS.2003,9(12):1093-1096.
[19]余光莉.基于互联网的交互式积累式WebTRIZ系统[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005：29-51.
[20]王菁.计算机辅助创新平台的研制[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2005：28-36.
[21]刘晓平,唐益明,秦晋.基于TRIZ的计算机辅助创新原型系统的研究与实现[J].工程图学学报.2007,(6)：6-11.
[22]胡旭洁,刘继红.集成TRIZ的计算机辅助公理化设计系统[J].计算机集成制造系统.2010,16(11)：2321-2326.
[23]陈文广.基于物场分析和效应的计算机辅助创新系统研究及软件开发[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008：18-26.
[24]http://www.theaircar.com/.
[25]http://www.aa.washington.edu/aerp/CRYOCAR/PicturePage/index.htm.
[26]http://www.mtsc.unt.edu/CooLN2Car.HTML.
[27]Tai, Chun, Tsao, Tsu-Chin, M. B. Levin, G. Barta,and M.M.Schechter,"Using Camless Valvetrain for Air Hybrid Optimization," SAE Paper 2003-01-0038 presented in SAE World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. Also in SAE World Congress 2003 Special Publications (SP-1752), ISBN:0-7680-1175-2.
[28]http://www.energine.com.
[29]刘昊.空气动力发动机的探索性研究[D].浙江大学博士论文,2004：23-24.
[30]檀润华.创新设计—TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：12-15.
[31]Yang K, Zhong HW.A Comparison ofTRIZand Axiomatic Design[C]. Proceeding of ICAD 2000 First International Conference on Axiomatic Design,Cambridge,MA.2000:236-238.
[32]吴国荣.基于TRIZ理论的家用吸尘器概念设计[J]包装工程,2007,28(5)：101-103.
[33]刘剑.技术冲突解决原理及其在冷压模具结构创新设计上的应用[J]机床与液压2006,No10：55-58.
[34]Zlotin B,Zusman A. Mapping Innovation Knowledge[J].The TRIZ Journal.1999, 04:http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/1999/04/b/index.htm.
[35]王玉新,张旭光,毛晓辉.FBS模型中行为与结构创新的商空间表达与实现[J].机械工程学报.2010,46(15)：107-116.
[36]ROY U,PRAMANIK N,SUDASAN R,et al.Function-to-form mapping: model,representation and applications in design synthesis[J]. Computer-Aided Design,2001,33(10):699-712.
[37]占向辉.面向创新设计的科学效应库研究[D].四川大学硕士论文,2005：18
[38]Pahl G,Beitz W. Engineering Design[M]. London, The Design Council. 1984:56-97
[39]French MJ. Conceptual Design for Engineers[M]. The Design Council,1985
[40]邓家提,韩晓建,曾硝等.产品概念设计-理论、方法与技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[41]邹慧君,汪利.机械产品概念设计及其方法综述[J],机械设计与研究,1998No.2：9-12.
[42]邹慧君,张青,郭为忠.广义概念设计的普遍性、内涵及理论基础的探索[J].机械设计与研究,2004(3)：10-14.
[43]邹慧君,梁庆华,郭为忠,何有钧.功能-运动行为-结构的概念设计模型及运动行为的多层表示[J].机械设计，2008.8：1-4.
[44]SycaraK, Navinchandra D. Index transformation techniques for facilitating creative use of multiple cases, workshop on Al in Design, University of sydney, Sydne,1991, pp.15-20.
[45]GoelAK. Design, analogy and creativity IEEE ExPert,l997,62-70.
[46]曹国忠.基于TRIZ的效应研究及其软件实现[D].河北工业大学硕士论文，2003：23-24.
[47]Prabhakar G, Goel A. A functional modeling for adaptive design of devices in new environments, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Journal(Special Issue), 1998,12(4):417-444.
[48]Shimomura, Y, Takeda. H., et al(1995)Representation of Design Object based on the Functional Evolution Process Model.DTM'95ASM.
[49]Valeri Souchkov. Annotated list ofTRIZtechniques. January 1998.
[50]Gregory Frenklach. Classifying the Technical Effects. TRIZJournal,Mar.1998.
[51]G.Altshuller. Creativity as an Exact Science. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1984.
[52]Harold R.Buhl. Creative Engineering Design, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1960.
[53]任工昌,刘永红.面向产品创新的深度技术知识的获取与组织[J].机械设计.2003,20(10)：14-16.
[54]张青华.基于TRIZ的技术进化理论研究及其工程应用[D].河北工业大学硕士论文,2003：23-24.
[55]程森,李三超.碳纤维天然气汽车储气罐[J].汽车与安全,2001,(9)：44-45.
[56]何存兴,张铁华.液压传递与气动传动[M]华中科技大学出版社2000.
[57]方芳,黄松和,林刚.基于MatLab和SolidWorks的凸轮轮廓设计及性能分析[J].矿山机械,2010,38(6)：39-42.
[58]韩二锋.气动发动机准等温膨胀实现途径的研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2007：39-40.
[59]王同乐.取暖器热场分析技术的研究与应用[D].广东工业大学硕士论文,2012：27-28.
[60]洪伟,吴承桢.试验设计与分析[M].中国林业出版社2004：95-96
[2]牛占文,徐燕申,林岳等.实现产品创新的关键技术—计算机辅助创新技术[J].机械工程学报.2000,36(1)：11-11.
[3]Domb E. Breakthrough Innovation in Conflict Resolution Marrying TRIZ and the Thinking Process[J].TheTRIZJournal.1999.
[4]Altshuller G. Creativity as an Exact Science[M].Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
[5]檀润华TRIZ及应用：技术创新过程与方法[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2010：11-11，107-108.
[6]刘仁伟.基于TRIZ的计算机辅助产品创新设计系统研究与开发[D].山东大学硕士论文.2012：1-2.
[7]马力辉.面向多冲突问题的TRIZ关键技术研究[D].河北工业大学博士学位论文,2007：2-3.
[8]http://inventionmachine.com.
[9]http://www.ideationtriz.com.
[10]http://www.iwint.com.cn.
[11]Invention Machine, Inc.Kate Heinle and Setsuko Sasaki. TechOptimizer User Guide Version4.0.1995-2003.
[12]http://jdx.xmu.edu.cn/iaerc/content.asp?id=7.
[13]董建强,王科社,庄福晓.常用计算机辅助产品创新设计软件的分析[J].煤炭技术.27(12)：9-11.
[14]IWINT, Inc. Pro/InnovatorTM2004 User Guide [Z].2004.
[15]http://www.trisolver.com.
[16]http://www.creax.com.
[17]http://www.insytec.com.
[18]李彦,王杰,李翔龙,等.创造性思维及计算机辅助产品创新设计研究[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS.2003,9(12):1093-1096.
[19]余光莉.基于互联网的交互式积累式WebTRIZ系统[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005：29-51.
[20]王菁.计算机辅助创新平台的研制[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2005：28-36.
[21]刘晓平,唐益明,秦晋.基于TRIZ的计算机辅助创新原型系统的研究与实现[J].工程图学学报.2007,(6)：6-11.
[22]胡旭洁,刘继红.集成TRIZ的计算机辅助公理化设计系统[J].计算机集成制造系统.2010,16(11)：2321-2326.
[23]陈文广.基于物场分析和效应的计算机辅助创新系统研究及软件开发[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008：18-26.
[24]http://www.theaircar.com/.
[25]http://www.aa.washington.edu/aerp/CRYOCAR/PicturePage/index.htm.
[26]http://www.mtsc.unt.edu/CooLN2Car.HTML.
[27]Tai, Chun, Tsao, Tsu-Chin, M. B. Levin, G. Barta,and M.M.Schechter,"Using Camless Valvetrain for Air Hybrid Optimization," SAE Paper 2003-01-0038 presented in SAE World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. Also in SAE World Congress 2003 Special Publications (SP-1752), ISBN:0-7680-1175-2.
[28]http://www.energine.com.
[29]刘昊.空气动力发动机的探索性研究[D].浙江大学博士论文,2004：23-24.
[30]檀润华.创新设计—TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：12-15.
[31]Yang K, Zhong HW.A Comparison ofTRIZand Axiomatic Design[C]. Proceeding of ICAD 2000 First International Conference on Axiomatic Design,Cambridge,MA.2000:236-238.
[32]吴国荣.基于TRIZ理论的家用吸尘器概念设计[J]包装工程,2007,28(5)：101-103.
[33]刘剑.技术冲突解决原理及其在冷压模具结构创新设计上的应用[J]机床与液压2006,No10：55-58.
[34]Zlotin B,Zusman A. Mapping Innovation Knowledge[J].The TRIZ Journal.1999, 04:http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/1999/04/b/index.htm.
[35]王玉新,张旭光,毛晓辉.FBS模型中行为与结构创新的商空间表达与实现[J].机械工程学报.2010,46(15)：107-116.
[36]ROY U,PRAMANIK N,SUDASAN R,et al.Function-to-form mapping: model,representation and applications in design synthesis[J]. Computer-Aided Design,2001,33(10):699-712.
[37]占向辉.面向创新设计的科学效应库研究[D].四川大学硕士论文,2005：18
[38]Pahl G,Beitz W. Engineering Design[M]. London, The Design Council. 1984:56-97
[39]French MJ. Conceptual Design for Engineers[M]. The Design Council,1985
[40]邓家提,韩晓建,曾硝等.产品概念设计-理论、方法与技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[41]邹慧君,汪利.机械产品概念设计及其方法综述[J],机械设计与研究,1998No.2：9-12.
[42]邹慧君,张青,郭为忠.广义概念设计的普遍性、内涵及理论基础的探索[J].机械设计与研究,2004(3)：10-14.
[43]邹慧君,梁庆华,郭为忠,何有钧.功能-运动行为-结构的概念设计模型及运动行为的多层表示[J].机械设计，2008.8：1-4.
[44]SycaraK, Navinchandra D. Index transformation techniques for facilitating creative use of multiple cases, workshop on Al in Design, University of sydney, Sydne,1991, pp.15-20.
[45]GoelAK. Design, analogy and creativity IEEE ExPert,l997,62-70.
[46]曹国忠.基于TRIZ的效应研究及其软件实现[D].河北工业大学硕士论文，2003：23-24.
[47]Prabhakar G, Goel A. A functional modeling for adaptive design of devices in new environments, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Journal(Special Issue), 1998,12(4):417-444.
[48]Shimomura, Y, Takeda. H., et al(1995)Representation of Design Object based on the Functional Evolution Process Model.DTM'95ASM.
[49]Valeri Souchkov. Annotated list ofTRIZtechniques. January 1998.
[50]Gregory Frenklach. Classifying the Technical Effects. TRIZJournal,Mar.1998.
[51]G.Altshuller. Creativity as an Exact Science. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1984.
[52]Harold R.Buhl. Creative Engineering Design, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1960.
[53]任工昌,刘永红.面向产品创新的深度技术知识的获取与组织[J].机械设计.2003,20(10)：14-16.
[54]张青华.基于TRIZ的技术进化理论研究及其工程应用[D].河北工业大学硕士论文,2003：23-24.
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