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江苏海岸滩涂资源可持续开发的战略选择
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摘要
21世纪是海洋的世纪,江苏从未像今天这样如此清醒和深刻的认识到。中国经济最发达的地区在包括江苏的沿海,江苏经济最不发达的地区却在沿海。长三角“杭州湾化”和江苏的“浅内陆省”的演变事实,使得尴尬的江苏正从18年前“海上苏东”的教训中惊醒,开始认真审视一度被自己轻视的千里海岸线及其“南不如浙、北不及鲁”的滩涂发展现状。这却不仅仅是又一次江苏经济战略转型,它意味着一种先进意识的觉醒,一种海洋意识的重塑,更意味着特别需要能把国家战略的规划蓝图变为美好现实的可操作方案。
     随着人口的持续增长以及社会经济发展水平的不断提升,我国因土地资源匮乏造成的各种矛盾不断凸显。妥善处理工业发展和城镇化与土地资源大量空间需求间的关系,关系到我国经济社会可持续发展全局。拓展发展空间是江苏省经济发展的迫切需要。由于历史原因,江苏的生产力布局过度集中于沿江八市,造成沿江与沿海经济社会发展的不平衡,也使得沿江地区的发展空间越来越小。江苏海岸滩涂濒临黄海,是目前我国东部具有最大潜力和后发优势的区域,逾千万亩的滩涂成为当代得天独厚的财富放大器。
     滩涂开发需要大量投资。按照平均每亩投资2.6万元的标准,3年围垦70万亩的资金需求超过150亿元。在政府推动的同时,选择适宜的投融资模式和开发模式,充分发挥市场和社会配置资源的作用,广泛吸纳国内外资金特别是苏南地区资金投资滩涂开发。
     借鉴国外的先进理念和做法,参照园区开发模式,对滩涂土地按功能进行综合开发,农业用地实施成片开发、成片租赁,规模化生产、产业化经营、公司化管理,延伸农业及农产品加工业产业链;合理布局临港产业和城镇建设,强化土地集约利用,提高投资开发的综合效益等,以实现对滩涂资源真正意义的科学规划、有序开发和高效利用。
     本文通过对海岸滩涂的自然特征和开发及生态效益的深度分析,提出将海岸滩涂当做一个巨大、复杂的湿地生态系统来综合规划和科学管理。指出我国海岸滩涂经过三轮围垦己经面目全非,设计和技术力量不足是造成国内滩涂围海工程安全隐患多,行业之间矛盾多,生态问题多的根本原因。江苏未开发的海岸滩涂资源主要位于潮间带和辐射沙洲地区,有力的政策保障和坚强的技术支撑是实现这份资源开发价值的基本保障。在全省滩涂资源调查的基础上,建立高准确度、高度权威的滩涂资源数据库,采用ArcGIS建立三维一体的江苏海岸滩涂资源管理系统,有效实现对全省海岸滩涂资源开发的科学管理。
     江苏“出海”,走出大陆,走进大洋、走遍全球的世纪复兴之路才刚刚开始。
The21st century is an ocean century, Jiangsu never realizes so sober and profoundlike today. The most developed areas of China's economy are in the coastal. The leastdeveloped area of Jiangsu economy is in its coastal. Yangtze river triangle "Hangzhoubay rising" and Jiangsu "shallow inland province" the evolution of the fact thatawkward Jiangsu from18years " The eastern Jiangsu on the sea" and tidelanddevelopment present situation of "south is not as Zhe, north is than Lu",wake up witha start, began to take a serious look at once by his own slighting coastline. It is not justanother Jiangsu strategic economic transformation, it means that an advancedconsciousness awakening, a kind of ocean consciousness remodeling, more meansespecially need to be able to put the national strategic planning blueprint intobeautiful realistic operational plan.
     As the population growth and social economic level rising, our country variouscontradictions highlight unceasingly due to lack of land resource. How to properly handlethe relationships between the arable land security requirements and Industrialdevelopment and urbanization to the needs a lot of land resources, It affects theChina's economic and social sustainable development. Developing space in Jiangsuprovince is the urgent requirement of economic development. Because some historicalreasons, Jiangsu productivity layout excessive focus on eight cities along the river, Itis not balanced along the river and coastal economic and social development,development and space of the area along the river is getting smaller and smaller also.Jiangsu coast beaches on the verge of yellow sea, is the largest advantage ofbackwardness area in the eastern part of our country has the potential and the, morethan ten million acres of beaches become the contemporary advantaged wealthamplifier.
     Coast beaches development needs a large number of investments. According tothe average investment of RMB26000yuan standard,3years inning700000acres offund demand more than15billion yuan. To promote by the government at the sametime, choose suitable investment and financing mode and development mode, givefull play to the market and the society of the resource allocation function, widelyabsorbs domestic and foreign funds, especially in southern Jiangsu.Profit from the overseas advanced idea and practice, reference park developmentmode, According to the function of the land beaches will be comprehensivedevelopment, agricultural land will be development implementation. Vast stretches oflease, and large scale of production and industrialization management and companymanagement will be choose, Stretch processing industry of agriculture andagricultural products chain; Reasonable layout of port-vicinity industry and townconstruction, strengthen the land intensive use, comprehensive development use, etc,will be supported, to realize the real meaning of scientific planning, orderlydevelopment and efficient utilization for the beach resources.
     This article analysis the coast beaches natural features and development andecological benefit deeply, put forward the coast beaches as a huge and complicated wetland ecological system to integrated planning and scientific management. It ispointed out that China's coast beaches after three rounds reclamation has been beyondrecognition, Lack of design strength and technical force is the root cause of manyecological problems. insufficient in domestic coastal beach engineering safety hiddentrouble, conflicts between the industries, Jiangsu undeveloped coast-beach resourceslocated mainly in the intertidal zone and radiation bar area,strong policy guaranteeand strong technical support is the basic guarantee,to realize the resources value. Wewill establish a costal-beach resources database with a high accuracy and a highdegree of authority, on the basis of investigation, realize effectively for the coastbeach resources development and scientific management.
     Jiangsu century renewal way of out of the mainland, walked into the ocean andpassed through the global is just beginning.
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