对虾养殖环境微生物多样性分析和微生态制剂的研究与应用
|
摘要
本论文针对水产养殖现行使用的微生物制剂作用时效短,在使用过程中优势地位不明显等缺陷,基于微生态理论和芽孢杆菌作为微生态制剂的优良特性,从对虾养殖环境获得一批产芽孢细菌,并加以鉴定;以胞外消化酶为指标分离筛选可高效降解水产养殖残余饵料淀粉、蛋白及脂肪作用的若干株产芽孢功能菌,通过酶活性测定,确定一株地衣芽孢杆菌S-40作为潜在益生菌进行了对虾养殖实验;研究了对虾养殖环境的细菌群落组成,主要研究结果如下:
1.构建了对虾养殖环境细菌16SrDNA文库,研究其细菌群落组成。结果表明:对虾肠道细菌分属于变形细菌(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌类群(Firmicute),Proteobacteria占据了绝对优势,为98.7%,其中γ-Proteobacteria为97.4%;养殖水体菌群主要由变形细菌(24.1%)和拟杆菌门(17.7%)组成,其中α-Proteobacteria所占比例为21.5%;养殖环境表层沉积物的细菌多样性要丰富得多,有变形细菌(52.3%),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,9.3%),浮霉状菌(Planctomycete,4.7%),厚壁菌类群(Firmicute,1.9%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,0.9%)。此外,水样和沉积物中蕴含着数量丰富的单细胞藻类,它们的比例分别高达55.7%和23.4%。
2.从对虾养殖环境(对虾肠道和虾池表层沉积物)分离筛选出191株产芽孢细菌,细胞形态和RFLP分型后,对其中70株菌进行了生理生化以及分子生物学方法鉴定。结果显示它们分属于短芽孢杆菌属(2株)、芽孢乳杆菌属(2株)、类芽孢杆菌属(4株)和芽孢杆菌属(44株)。其中芽孢杆菌属中,我们鉴定得到13个种,包括环状芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌、花园芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌、泛酸芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌,坚强芽孢杆菌、纺锤芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。
3.利用选择性培养基,从前期工作得到的产芽孢细菌中分别筛选出9株具有较高淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的菌株,对其发酵条件以及粗酶液性质进行了初步的研究。结果表明多株菌在一定的温度、pH及盐度区间内均有较强的酶活力,一株地衣芽孢杆菌S-40由于其良好而稳定的消化酶活性,作为养殖水体添加剂进行对虾养殖实验。
4.应用从对虾养殖环境筛选的一株地衣芽孢杆菌S-40,作为潜在的微生态制剂菌株,分别以10~3cfu/mL,10~4cfu/mL,10~5cfu/mL三种不同浓度添加到凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中,测定了饲养40天后对虾消化道的总菌和弧菌数及多项免疫指标。结果显示:与对照组对虾相比,所有实验组对虾消化道的弧菌数有显著下降,而总菌数没有呈现显著性差异;所有实验组中对虾血淋巴上清液的血细胞数,酚氧化酶活性(PO)均有显著性上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)仅在10~5cfu/ml时有显著上升,菌剂的加入对对虾血淋巴上清液的的蛋白浓度并无显著影响。
5.本研究选用微孔淀粉为吸附剂吸附地衣芽孢杆菌S-40菌株芽孢,通过多因素分析,确定最佳的吸附包埋条件:pH7.5,温度30℃,吸附时间1.5h。
The probiotics recently used in aquaculture have the deficiency of short effect time and no obvious dominance in the environment.This study aimed at exploring the application potential of spore-producing bacteria to shrimp aquaculture based on the microecological theory and the good characteristics of Bacillus used as probiotics in the previous works.Many spore-producing bacteria were therefore isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment and shrimp intestinal.Their abilities to remove the feeding remains in the aquaculture were evaluated by determining the activity of producing extracellular digestive enzymes(amylase,protease and lipase).Then,a potential probiotic Bacillus licheniformis strain S-40 was tested as an additive for improving the shrimp aquaculture.In addition,the bacterial compositions of shrimp aquaculture systems were investigated in the study.
The main results were as follows:
1.The bacterial compositions in the shrimp culturing environment were characterized by analyzing three 16S rDNA clone libraries constructed from the intestines of shrimp,water and surface sediment of the shrimp pond respectively. The RFLP analysis and sequence alignment of 16SrDNA libraries showed that intestinal microflora in shrimp belonged to Proteobacteria(98.7%)and Firmicute(1.3%)phylogenetically,of whichγ-Proteobacteria was dominant (97.4%)compared toα-Proteobacteria(1.3%);The bacteria in shrimp pond water mainly consisted of Proteobacteria(24.1%)and Bacteroidetes(17.7%),withα-Proteobacteria 21.5%;The bacterial diversity was much higher in the surface sediment of the shrimp pond with the proportion of 52.3%Proteobacteria,9.3% Bacteroidetes,4.7%Planctomycete,1.9%Firmicute and 0.9%Actino-bacteria. However,it deserved to mention that in the water and sediment sample, approximately 55.7%and 23.4%of representative sequences were PCR-amplified from unicellular algae,probably derived from the organelle.
2.One hundred and ninety-one spore-producing bacteria were isolated from shrimp intestines and the sediments of shrimp pond.Based on their morphology and results of RFLP analysis,70 of them were chosen for physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA identification.The results indicated that these strains were grouped into four genera Brevibacillus,Sporolactobacillus, Paenibacillus,Bacillus.Thirteen species of genus Bacillus were found out, including B.circulans,B.lentus,B.megaterium,B.sphaericus,B.horis,B.mycoides, B.pantothenticus,B.pumilis,B.firmus,B.fusiformis,B.licheniformis,B.coagulans, B.subtilis.
3.Nine strains,with high efficiency of producing amylase,protease and lipase,had been screened out from those spore-producing bacteria by selective media.Their conditions of enzyme-producing were optimized and the activities of crude enzymes were determined.The results showed that most of them had high enzyme activities in the certain condition of temperature,pH value and salinity.Among them,one strain,designated as Bacillus licheniformis S-40,was chosen as potential probiotic for shrimp culture experiment according to its high and stable activities of digestive enzymes.
4.An experiment was conducted with the strain Bacillus licheniformis S-40 as a supplement,to investigate its effects on the intestinal microflora,and the immune response of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei.Shrimp were fed in four tanks for 40 days with different water conditions,control(non-supplemented),and water supplemented with B.licheniformis S-40 at 10~3 cfu·mL~(-1),10~4 cfu·mL~(-1),and 10~5 cfu·mL~(-1)respectively.The results indicated that compared to the control group, the total bacterial counts in the shrimp intestine remained constant,while Vibrio sp.numbers decreased significantly,and the total haemocyte count(THCs)and PO activity in the shrimps increased significantly,SOD activity increased significantly only when water was supplemented with B.licheniformis S-40 at 10~5 cfu·mL~(-1).However,the protein contents were not remarkably different between the experimental and control groups.
5.Finally,the spores of B.licheniformis S-40 were embedded in microporous starch to make microcapsule.By analyzing multiple factors,the optimal embedding conditions were estimated as follows:pH 7.5,temperature 30℃,absorption time 1.5h.
1.构建了对虾养殖环境细菌16SrDNA文库,研究其细菌群落组成。结果表明:对虾肠道细菌分属于变形细菌(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌类群(Firmicute),Proteobacteria占据了绝对优势,为98.7%,其中γ-Proteobacteria为97.4%;养殖水体菌群主要由变形细菌(24.1%)和拟杆菌门(17.7%)组成,其中α-Proteobacteria所占比例为21.5%;养殖环境表层沉积物的细菌多样性要丰富得多,有变形细菌(52.3%),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,9.3%),浮霉状菌(Planctomycete,4.7%),厚壁菌类群(Firmicute,1.9%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,0.9%)。此外,水样和沉积物中蕴含着数量丰富的单细胞藻类,它们的比例分别高达55.7%和23.4%。
2.从对虾养殖环境(对虾肠道和虾池表层沉积物)分离筛选出191株产芽孢细菌,细胞形态和RFLP分型后,对其中70株菌进行了生理生化以及分子生物学方法鉴定。结果显示它们分属于短芽孢杆菌属(2株)、芽孢乳杆菌属(2株)、类芽孢杆菌属(4株)和芽孢杆菌属(44株)。其中芽孢杆菌属中,我们鉴定得到13个种,包括环状芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌、花园芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌、泛酸芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌,坚强芽孢杆菌、纺锤芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。
3.利用选择性培养基,从前期工作得到的产芽孢细菌中分别筛选出9株具有较高淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的菌株,对其发酵条件以及粗酶液性质进行了初步的研究。结果表明多株菌在一定的温度、pH及盐度区间内均有较强的酶活力,一株地衣芽孢杆菌S-40由于其良好而稳定的消化酶活性,作为养殖水体添加剂进行对虾养殖实验。
4.应用从对虾养殖环境筛选的一株地衣芽孢杆菌S-40,作为潜在的微生态制剂菌株,分别以10~3cfu/mL,10~4cfu/mL,10~5cfu/mL三种不同浓度添加到凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中,测定了饲养40天后对虾消化道的总菌和弧菌数及多项免疫指标。结果显示:与对照组对虾相比,所有实验组对虾消化道的弧菌数有显著下降,而总菌数没有呈现显著性差异;所有实验组中对虾血淋巴上清液的血细胞数,酚氧化酶活性(PO)均有显著性上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)仅在10~5cfu/ml时有显著上升,菌剂的加入对对虾血淋巴上清液的的蛋白浓度并无显著影响。
5.本研究选用微孔淀粉为吸附剂吸附地衣芽孢杆菌S-40菌株芽孢,通过多因素分析,确定最佳的吸附包埋条件:pH7.5,温度30℃,吸附时间1.5h。
The probiotics recently used in aquaculture have the deficiency of short effect time and no obvious dominance in the environment.This study aimed at exploring the application potential of spore-producing bacteria to shrimp aquaculture based on the microecological theory and the good characteristics of Bacillus used as probiotics in the previous works.Many spore-producing bacteria were therefore isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment and shrimp intestinal.Their abilities to remove the feeding remains in the aquaculture were evaluated by determining the activity of producing extracellular digestive enzymes(amylase,protease and lipase).Then,a potential probiotic Bacillus licheniformis strain S-40 was tested as an additive for improving the shrimp aquaculture.In addition,the bacterial compositions of shrimp aquaculture systems were investigated in the study.
The main results were as follows:
1.The bacterial compositions in the shrimp culturing environment were characterized by analyzing three 16S rDNA clone libraries constructed from the intestines of shrimp,water and surface sediment of the shrimp pond respectively. The RFLP analysis and sequence alignment of 16SrDNA libraries showed that intestinal microflora in shrimp belonged to Proteobacteria(98.7%)and Firmicute(1.3%)phylogenetically,of whichγ-Proteobacteria was dominant (97.4%)compared toα-Proteobacteria(1.3%);The bacteria in shrimp pond water mainly consisted of Proteobacteria(24.1%)and Bacteroidetes(17.7%),withα-Proteobacteria 21.5%;The bacterial diversity was much higher in the surface sediment of the shrimp pond with the proportion of 52.3%Proteobacteria,9.3% Bacteroidetes,4.7%Planctomycete,1.9%Firmicute and 0.9%Actino-bacteria. However,it deserved to mention that in the water and sediment sample, approximately 55.7%and 23.4%of representative sequences were PCR-amplified from unicellular algae,probably derived from the organelle.
2.One hundred and ninety-one spore-producing bacteria were isolated from shrimp intestines and the sediments of shrimp pond.Based on their morphology and results of RFLP analysis,70 of them were chosen for physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA identification.The results indicated that these strains were grouped into four genera Brevibacillus,Sporolactobacillus, Paenibacillus,Bacillus.Thirteen species of genus Bacillus were found out, including B.circulans,B.lentus,B.megaterium,B.sphaericus,B.horis,B.mycoides, B.pantothenticus,B.pumilis,B.firmus,B.fusiformis,B.licheniformis,B.coagulans, B.subtilis.
3.Nine strains,with high efficiency of producing amylase,protease and lipase,had been screened out from those spore-producing bacteria by selective media.Their conditions of enzyme-producing were optimized and the activities of crude enzymes were determined.The results showed that most of them had high enzyme activities in the certain condition of temperature,pH value and salinity.Among them,one strain,designated as Bacillus licheniformis S-40,was chosen as potential probiotic for shrimp culture experiment according to its high and stable activities of digestive enzymes.
4.An experiment was conducted with the strain Bacillus licheniformis S-40 as a supplement,to investigate its effects on the intestinal microflora,and the immune response of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei.Shrimp were fed in four tanks for 40 days with different water conditions,control(non-supplemented),and water supplemented with B.licheniformis S-40 at 10~3 cfu·mL~(-1),10~4 cfu·mL~(-1),and 10~5 cfu·mL~(-1)respectively.The results indicated that compared to the control group, the total bacterial counts in the shrimp intestine remained constant,while Vibrio sp.numbers decreased significantly,and the total haemocyte count(THCs)and PO activity in the shrimps increased significantly,SOD activity increased significantly only when water was supplemented with B.licheniformis S-40 at 10~5 cfu·mL~(-1).However,the protein contents were not remarkably different between the experimental and control groups.
5.Finally,the spores of B.licheniformis S-40 were embedded in microporous starch to make microcapsule.By analyzing multiple factors,the optimal embedding conditions were estimated as follows:pH 7.5,temperature 30℃,absorption time 1.5h.
引文
[1]Rosenberry,B.World Shrimp Farming 1996[M].In:Rosenberry,B.(Ed.),Shrimp News International,San Diego,CA,USA,1996,164.
[2]张振华.我国对虾养殖的现状及持续发展对策[J].江苏农业科学,2002,69(3):69-71.
[3]崔玉布.人工养虾池生态系统结构特点及其控制对策[J].海洋科学,1994,23(2):64-65.
[4]王克行.对虾养殖的曙光[J].河北渔业,1997(3):3-6.
[5]陈水土,苏国程,张跃平,李福东,杜庆红,陈然.半封闭对虾养殖体系的水环境特征[J].热带海洋,1996,15(4):85-90.
[6]李庆彪,李美芝,王宝廷.虾池生态系的特点与虾病[J].海洋学报,1995,17(5):135-139.
[7]曲克明,陈碧鹃,李秋芬.鱼虾混养对中国对虾养殖体系环境的影响及优化养殖环境对策[J].水产学报,1993,2(增刊):36-42.
[8]吴荔生,杨圣云.试论养殖水域生态系统结构优化与管理[J].科学视野,2002,26(7):15-18.
[9]国家科学技术部.浅海滩涂资源开发[M].1999,北京:海洋出版社.
[10]计新丽,林晓涛,许忠能,林燕棠.海水养殖自身污染机制及其对环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(4):66-71.
[11]杨逸萍,王增焕,孙建.精养虾池主要水化学因子变化规律和氮的收支[J].海洋科学,1999(1):15-17.
[12]温志良,张爱军,温琰茂.集约化淡水养殖对水环境的影响[J].水利渔业,2000,10(4):19-20.
[13]张扬宗.中国池塘养鱼学[M].1989,北京:科学出版社.
[14]杨红生,周毅.滤食性贝类对养殖海区环境影响的研究进展[J].海洋科学,1998,8(2):42-44.
[15]袁有宪,辛福言,孙耀,曲克明,崔毅,衣铭明,宋云利,陈碧鹃,陈民山.对虾养殖池沉积环境中TOC、TP、TN和pH及质量评价模型[J].水产学报,2000,(24): 247-253.
[16]Smith,F.Nurient budgets in intensive shrimp ponds:Implications for sustainability[J].Aquaculture,1998,163(18):117-133.
[17]王象设.池塘生态若干问题的探讨[J].浙江水产学院学报,1997,16(1):55-58.
[18]潘小玲,陈百悦,樊海平.非离子态氨及亚硝酸盐对欧洲鳗鲡的急性毒性试验[J].水产科技情报,1998,25(1):20-23.
[19]林美兰,倪纯治,刘文华,叶德赞,周宗澄,林燕顺,曾活水.厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态[J].台湾海峡,1998,17(2):156-151.
[20]牟海津,李筠,包振民.中国对虾养成期病害的细菌分析[J].海洋学报,1999,21(1):139-145.
[21]郑天凌,王海黎,洪华生.微生物在碳的海洋生物地球化学循环中的作用[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(4):47-50.
[22]曲克明,李勃生.对虾养殖生态环境的研究现状和展望[J].海洋水产研究,2000,21(3):67-71.
[23]苏永全,蔡新一,王军,郑微云,陈金翠.虾池和海区细菌数量变动与虾病发生关系[J].厦门水产学院学报,1994,16(2):40-43.
[24]郑天凌,蔡立哲.蛭弧菌在虾池生态系中的作用研究[J].海洋科学,1992,2(1):70-72.
[25]王亚南,王宝军,戴欣,焦念志,彭志英,刘双江.海水养殖场底泥中转化硫和磷化合物的微生物及其多样性[J].环境科学,2005,26(2):157-162.
[26]于占国,林凤翱,贺杰.异养细菌与虾病关系的研究[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):85-91.
[27]Amann,R.I.Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation[Y].Microbiol Rev,1995,59:143-169.
[28]杨家新.微生物生态学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[29]于占国.异养细菌与虾病关系的研究[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):85-91.
[30]高尚德,陈旭仁,吴以平.中国对虾养成期间虾池水体的底细菌含量的变化[J].水产学报,1994,18(2):138-142.
[31]郭平,许美美.对虾养殖池水域环境细菌的动态变化[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):625-629.
[32]林克冰.斑节对虾双季养成期间虾池水质和底泥细菌含量的变化[J].福建水产,1998,4(4):7-12.
[33]李秋芬.老化虾池生态系中几类主要细菌的季节变化特征[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):12-18.
[34]贾浚涛.对虾围隔生态系底泥中细菌数量动态研究[J].动物医学研究进展,2003,24(2):76-78.
[35]薛恒平,薛彦青.水产养殖同微生态与微生物生态之间关系初探[J].饲料工业,1997,18(2):23-26.
[36]Park,R.B.Probiotics-The other half of the antibiotics story[J].Anita Nutr Heal,1974,29:4-8.
[37]Fuller,R.Probiotics in man and animals[J].J Appl Bacteriol,1989,66:385-378.
[38]Tannock,G.W.Modification of the normal microbiota by diet,stress,a ntimicrobial agents,and probiotics[A].Gastrointestinal Microbiology,Vol.2,Gastrointestinal Microbes and Host Interactions[C].New York:Chapman and Hall Microbiology Series,International Thomson Publishing,1997.434-464.
[39]Kozasa,M.Toyocerin(Bacillus toyoi)as growth promotor for animal feeding[J].Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 1986,4:121-135.
[40]Chill,M.M.Bacterial flora of fishes:a review[J].Microb Ecol,1990,19:21-41.
[41]Skjermo,J.,Salvesen,I.,Oie,G.Microbially matured water:a technique for a non-opportunistic bacterial flora in water that may improve performance of marine larvae[J].Aquacult Int,1997,5:13-28.
[42]Verschure,L.,Romcaut,G.,Sorgeloos,P.Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,2006,64:655-671.
[43]章剑.益生菌在水产养殖中的应用[J].内陆水产,2000,(8):16-17.
[44]战培荣,王丽华,于沛芬,李怀明,屈延阳.光合细菌固定化及其净化养鱼水质的研究[J].水产学报,1997,21(1):97-100.
[45]丁雷,岳永生,李贵杰,张钧利,魏联果,刘金凤.芽孢菌对养鱼水质影响的研究[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(10):7-10.
[46]李秀珠.一种紫色非硫光合细菌对硫化物的抑制及其在对虾养殖中的应用[J].福建水产,1997,(1):9-13.
[47]马述法.光合细菌在养虾生产中应用试验报告[J].中国水产,1989,(7):32-33.
[48]叶奕佐,叶嵘,王苹萍,王春生,戴根平,陆生才.光合细菌(PSB)和翻富(FAMP)在温室无沙养鳖中的应用研究[J].水产科技情报,1996,23(2):51-55.
[49]韩梅,陈锡时,于永双.光合细菌净化河蟹养殖水质的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(1):64-66.
[50]王彦波,邓岳松.微生态制剂对虾池水质影响的研究[J].水利渔业,2003,23(2):16-17.
[51]邢华,高会平,浦南书,孙安邦.纯化硝化细菌制品降解养殖水体亚硝酸氮的应用试验[J].中国水产,2003,(12):85-86.
[52]韩士群,张振华,虞利俊.优化滩涂养殖水体生态结构和调节水质的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):101.
[53]邵桂元,沈启华.鱼病蛭弧菌的微生态学初步研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,1995,7(5):17-19.
[54]杨莉,马志宏,黄文,王秀茹,高儆.蛭弧菌对鲤感染嗜水气单胞菌预防效果的观察[J].大连水产学院学报,2000(4):288-292.
[55]任保振,王广军.应用有益微生物改善温室养鳖池水质的研究[J].水产科技情报,2002,29(1):27-30.
[56]Joborm,A.,Olsson,J.C.,WcstcrdahI,A.,et al.Colonisation in the Fish Intestinal Tract and production of lnhibitory Substances in lntcstina Mucus and Faecal Extracts by Camobacterium Sp Kl[J].J Fish Dis,1997,20:383-392.
[57]Rengpipat,S.,Rukpratanpom,S.,Piyatiratitivorakul,S.,Menasavcta,P.Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)by a probiont bacterium (Bacillus S11)[J].Aquaculture,2000,191:271-288.
[58]Gibson,L.F.,Woodworth,J.,George,A.M.Probiotic activity of acromonas media on the pacific Oyster,Crassostrea Gigas,when challenged with vibrio tubiashii[J].Aquacult,1998,169:111-120.
[59]王斌,陈营,毛莲菊,桂远明,康白,文姝,孔庆友.微生态调节剂对鲤生长及肠道菌群的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,1996,8(1):32-35.
[60]伊玉华,南春华.光合细菌在对虾养殖上的应用[J].大连水产学院学报,1990,5(1):66-69.
[61]王怡平,荚荣,梅贤君,任重,赵乃刚,汪朝辉.固定化光合细菌在中华绒螯蟹人工育苗中的应用[J].水产学报,1999,23(2):156-160.
[62]李光友,于义德,姜玉香,丁美丽.光合细菌作为对虾育苗期饵料添加剂试验[J].海洋科学,1993(1):52-54
[63]Tannock,G.W.Studies of the intestinal microflora:a prerequisite for the development of probiotics[J].Int.dairy Journal,1998,8,527-533.
[64]Ringφ,E.,Gatesoupe,F.J.Lactic acid bacteria in fish:a review[J].Aqua,1998,160:177-203.
[65]Rengpipat,S.,Phianphak,W.,Piyatiratitivorakul,S.Effects of a probiotic bacterium on black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival and growth[J].Aquacultrue,1998,167:301-313.
[66]Berg,h,φ.Bacteria associated with early life stages of halibut,Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.,inhibit growth of a pahogenic Vibrio sp.[J].J Fish Dis,1995,18:31-40.
[67]Sugita,H.,Hirose,Y.,Matsue,N.Vibrio sp.strain NM 10,isolated from the intestine of a Japanese coastal fish,has an inhibitory effect against pasteurella piscicida[J].Appli Environ Microbiol,1998,64:231-237.
[68]Westerdahl A.,Olsson J.C.,Kjelleberg S.,Conway P.L.Isolation and characterization of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)-associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against Vibrio anguillarum[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1991,57:2223-2228.
[69]Olsson,J.C.,Westedahl,A.,Conway,P.L.,Kjelleberg,S.Intestinal colonization potential of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)-and dab(Limanda limanda)-associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against Vibrio Anguillarum[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1992,58:551-556.
[70]Beachey,E.H.Bacterial adherence:adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces.J Infect.Dis.1981,143,325-345.
[71]Finlay,B.B.,Falkow,S.Common themes in microbial pathogenicity revisited[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,1997,6:136-169.
[72]Evelyn,T.P.T..Infection and disease.In:Iwama G.,Nakanishi T.(Eds.),The Fish Immune System:Organism,Pathogen,and Environment.Fish Physiol. Series 15.1996,Academic Press,San Diego,CA,USA,339-366.
[73]Fooks,L.J.,Fuller,R.,Gibson,G.R.Prebiotics,probiotics and human gut microbiology[J].International Dairy Journal 1999,9:53-61
[74]Fredrickson,A.G.,Stephanopoulos,G..Microbial competition[J].Science.1981,213:972-979.
[75]Dolling,J.,Gottschal,J.C.Microbe-microbe interactions.In:Mackie R.L,Withe B.A.,Isaacson R.E.,(Eds.).Gastrointestinal Microbiology,Vol.2,GastrointestinalMicrobes and Host Interactions.Chapman&Hall Microbiology Series,International Thomson Publishing,New York,1997,373-433.
[76]Anderson,D.P.Immunostimulants,adjuvants and vaccine carriers in fish:application to aquaculture[J].Annu Rev Fish Dis,1992,2:281-307.
[77]Soderhall,K.,Cerenius,L.Role of the prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrate immunity[J].Curr.Opin.Immunol,1998,10:23-28.
[78]Thomquist,P.O.,Soderhall,K.Crustacean immune reactions,ashort review.In:Flegel T.W.,MacRae I.H.,(Eds),Diseases in Asian Aquaculture Ⅲ.Fish Health Section,Asian Fisheries Society,Manila,1997,203-218.
[79]Lackie,A.M.Invertebrate immuneity[J].Paraitology,1980,80:393-412.
[80]Hemandez-Lopez,J.,Gollas-Galvan-Albores,E Activation of the Prophenol-oxidase system of the brown shrimp(Penaeus californienis Holmes)[J].Comp Biochem Phsiol,1996,113c:61-66.
[81]Rodriguez,J.,Boulo,V.,Mialhe.E.,Bachere,E.Characterization of shrimp haemocytes and plasma components by monoclonal antibodies[j].J Cell Sci,1995,108:1043-1050.
[82]张新明,李健,刘淇,王群.细菌J-10对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(4):6-12.
[83]Gullian M,Thompsonb F,Rodriguezc J.Selection of probiotic bacteria and study of their immunostimulatory effect in Penaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2004,233:1-14.
[84]徐琴,李健,刘淇,王群.微生态制剂对中国对虾幼体生长和非特异性免疫的影响[J].饲料工业,2006,27(12):26-29.
[85]朱学芝,郑石轩,潘庆军,董爱华.芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾免疫和生化指标的影 响[J].饲料研究,2007,4:56-59.
[86]Lesel,R.,Menet,J.P.The bacterial microflora in the digestive tract of penguins and fishes from the Kerguelen Islands.In:Adaptations within antartic ecosystems.Llano,G.A.(Ed.).3.SCAR Symposium on Antartic Biology,Washington(USA),1974/08/26-30.Gulf Publishing Compagny,Houston(USA).1977,569-578
[87]Lin,H.Z,,Guo,Z.X.,Yang,Y.Y.Effect of dietary pmbiotics on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients of white shrimp Litopenaeus varznamei Boone[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35:1441-1447.
[88]丁贤,李卓佳,陈永青,林黑着,杨莺莺,杨铿.芽孢杆菌对凡纳对虾生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(6):581-585.
[89]李卓佳,曹煌成,陈永青,江世贵,冯娟.地衣芽孢杆菌De株的胞外产物对凡纳滨对虾脂肪酶活性影响的体外实验[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(2):191-195.
[90]Devaraja,T.N,,Yusoff,F.M.Changes in bacterial populations and shrimp production in ponds treated with commercial microbial products[J].Agraculture,2002,206(3-4):245-256.
[91]Farzanfar,A.The use of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture[J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2006,48:149-158.
[92]Corre,V.L.,Janeo,R.,Caipang,C.M.,Caple,A.T.Use of probiotics and reservoirs with "green water" and other tips for a successful shrimp culture[J].Aqua Asia,2000,5(2):34-38.
[93]Hoa,N.T.,Baccigalupi,L.,Huxham,A.,Smertenko,A.,Van,P.H.,Ammendola,S.,Ricca,E.,Cutting,A.S..Characterization of Bacillus species used for oral bacteriotherapy and bacterioprophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.2000,66:5241-5247.
[94]郑天凌,陈瑛,李福东,蔡立哲.控制对虾弧菌病药物的实验研究[J].水产学报,1994,18(3):215-221.
[95]王晓颖,席峰,袁建军,田蕴,王桂忠,郑天凌.虾池沉积环境中若干功能菌及弧菌的时空变化[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(S1):251-256.
[96]黄凌淳,郑天凌.对虾育苗池中异养细菌丰度和生长速率的研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1994,33(S1):66-70.
[97]Kemp,P.F.,Aller,J.Y.Bacterial diversity in aquatic and other environments:what 16S rDNA libraries can tell us[J],FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2004,47:161-167.
[98]Hugenholtz,P.,Goebel,B.M.,Pace,N.R.Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1998,180:4765-4774.
[99]Kemp,P.F.,Aller,J.Y.Bacterial diversity in aquatic and other environments:what 16S rDNA libraries can tell us[J].Ferns Microbiology Ecology 2004.47:161-177.
[100]Rappe MS,and G.SJ.The uncultured microbial majority[J],Annual review of microbiology,2003,57:369-394.
[101]李建军.养殖对虾暴发性流行病防治措施[J].水产科学,1998,17(3):41-43
[102]曲克明.对虾养殖池生态环境的人工调控及其特征[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(3):178-185.
[103]刘祖祥.对虾塘立体混养贝类技术[J].水产科技情报,1993,20(1):12-14.
[104]吴琴瑟.斑节对虾养殖的综合措施[J].南海研究与开发,1997,4:45-49.
[105]刘国才,李德尚,董双林.对虾养殖围隔生态系统浮游细菌的呼吸与生产[J].应用生态学报,2003,20(1):124-128.
[106]DeLong,E.F.Archaea in coastal marine environments[J].Proc Natl Acad Sei U S A,1992,89(12):5685-5689.
[107]Hoelzel,A.R.,Green,A.Analysis of population-level variation by sequencing PCR-amplified DNA[M].In:AR Hoelzed(ed)Practical Approach Series:Molecular Genetic Analysis of Population,vol ⅹⅶ.IRL Press at Oxford University Press,New York,1992,159-187.
[108]Timmermans,L.P.M.,Early development and differentiation in fish[J].Sarsia 1987,72:331-339.
[109]Vadstein,O.The use of immunostimulation in marine larviculture:possibilities and challenges[j].Aquaculture,1997,155:401-417.
[110]Clements,K.D.Fermentation and gastrointestinal microorganisms in fishes.In Gastrointestinal microbiology[M].Vol.1:Gastrointestinal ecosystems,and fermentations(eds Mackie,R.I.& White,B.A.)156-198
[111]Moriarty,D.J.W.Interactions of microorganisms and aquatic animals,particularly thenutritional role of the gut microflora[M].In:Lesel R(Ed):Microbiology in poecilotherms.Elsevier.1990,Amsterdam:Science Publishers,217-222.
[112]Sakata,T.Microflora in the digestive tract of fish and shellfish.In:Lesel R.,(Ed.),Microbiology in Poecilotherms[M].Amsterdam.1990,171-176.
[113]Prieur,D,Mvel,G.,Nicolas,J-L.,Plusquellec,A.,Vigneulle,M.Interactions between bivalve molluscs and bacteria in the marine Environment[J].Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev,1990,28:277-352.
[114]Sakata,T.,Koreeda,Y.A numerical taxonomic study of the dominant bacteria isolated from Tilapia intestines[J].Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish,1986,52(9):1625-1634.
[115]宛立,王吉桥,高峰,杨士勇,王年斌.南美白对虾肠道细菌菌群分析[J].水产科学,2006,25(1):13-15.
[116]Wang,X.H.,Li,H.R.,Zhang X.H.Flora in the Digestive Tract of Adult Penaeid Shrimp(Penaeus chinensis)[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2000,30(3):493-498.
[117]罗鹏,胡超群,谢珍玉,张吕平,任春华,许尤厚.凡纳滨对虾咸淡水养殖系统内细菌群落组成的PCR-DGGE分析[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(2):49-53.
[118]杨先乐.2000年我国水产养殖病害流行态势剖析[J].中国水产,2001,3:12-13.
[119]Sung Hung-Hung,Li Hai-Ching,Tsai Fu-Ming et al.Changes in the composition of Vibrio communities in pond water during tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)cultivation and in the hepatopancreas of healthy and diseased shrimp[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.1999,236:261-271.
[120]郭丰,林均民,黄凌风,周时强,沈国英.厦门潘涂对虾养殖垦区浮游植物的生态特征[J].台湾海峡,2002,21(4):469-482.
[121]李雪松,梁君荣,陈长平,谢文玲,高亚辉.泉州湾虾池浮游植物种类多样性研究[J].2005,45(S1):234-249.
[122]李扬,高亚辉,黄德强.海洋球石藻研究进展[J].科学视野,2002,26(3):13-16.
[123]席峰,傅莲英,王桂忠,郑天凌.海洋沉积物DNA提取前的简易脱腐方法[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(4):65-70.
[124]傅莲英,席峰,袁建军,王桂忠,田蕴,郑天凌.海水养殖沉积环境微生物总DNA的提取方法研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(11):841-846.
[125]Jdrensen,B.B.Proccess at the sediment-water interface[Z].In:The Major Biogeo- chemical Cycles and Their Interactions.SCOPE.21.John Wiely.1983,477-509.
[126]Redshaw,C.J.,Manson,C.F.,Hayes,C.R.,Roberts,R.D.Factors influencing P exchange across the sediment-water interface of eutrophic reservoirs.Hydrobiology,1990,192:233-245.
[127]Barbosa,T.M.,and S.B.Levy.The impact of antibiotic use on resistance development and persistence[J].Drug.Resist.Updates,2000,3:303-311.
[128]郑天凌等.水产养殖环境中主要微生物菌群的作用及监测技术.《环境与生态论丛》[M],厦门大学出版社,1993,63-68.
[129]Perreten,V.Use of antimicrobials in food-producing animal in Switzerland and the European Union(EU)[J].Mitt.Lebensm.Hyg.2003,94:155-163.
[130]俞勇,李会荣,李筠,陈刚,纪伟尚,徐怀恕.益生菌制剂在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2001,8(2):92-96.
[131]Green,D.H.,Wakeley,P.R.,Page,A.Barnes,A.,Baccigalupi,L.,Rieca,E.,Cutting,S.M.Characterization of two Bacillus probiotics.Appl.Environ.Microbiol[J].1999,65:4288-4291.
[132]Due,L.H.,Hong,H.A.,Barbosa,T.M.,Henriques,A.O.,Cutting,S.M.Characterisation of Bacillus probiotics available for human use[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.2004,70:2161-2171.
[133]Gatesoupe,F.J.The use of probiotics in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,1999,180(1-2):147-165.
[134]杨文博.微生物学实验[M].2004,北京:化学工业出版社,45.
[135]东秀珠,蔡妙英.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].2001,北京:科学出版社.
[136]陈绍铭,郑福寿.水生微生物学实验法(上)[M].1990,北京:海洋出版社.
[137]Kleiss,T.,Deberghes,P.,Durrer,M.Identification of environmcntal staphylococci and coliforms by Vitck Auto Microhic System[J].Food Microhiology,1995,12:199-202.
[138]杨毓环,陈伟伟.VITEK全自动微生物检测系统原理及其应用[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2000,6(3):38-39.
[139]布坝南R E,吉本斯.中国科学院微生物研究所译.伯杰氏细菌学鉴定手册[M].第8版.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[140]张华勇,李振高.土壤芽孢杆菌及其资源的持续利用[J].土壤,2001,(2):92-97.
[141]翟建宏,刘韶斌.水体中芽孢杆菌和微囊藻的生长及其资源竞争[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2002,22(3):13-18.
[142]田黎,李光友.海洋生境芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)的培养条件及产生的胞外抗菌蛋白[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):87-92.
[143]王亚南,王保军,戴欣,焦念志,彭志英,刘双江.近海养虾场底泥中产芽袍细菌的生态特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(4):484-488.
[144]吴韦,余晓丽,黎小正等.芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌的疏水性及其作用[J].中国环境科学,2003:152-156.
[145]Porubcan R.S.1991.Reduction in chemical oxygen demand and improve in Penaeus monodon yield in ponds inoculated with aerobic Bacillus bacteria[A].Program and Abstracts of the 22nd Annual Conference and Exposition,16-20 June 1991[C].San Juan,Puerto Rico:World Aquaculture Society.
[146]Alavandi S.V,Vijayan K.K.,Santiago T.C.,Poornima M.,Jithendran K.P.,Ali S.A.,Rajan J.J.S.Evaluation of Pseudomonas sp.PM 11 and Vibrio fluvialis PM 17 on immune indices of tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2004,17:115-120.
[147]宛立,王吉桥,杨世勇,王年斌.健康养殖南美白对虾肠道细菌的抗菌活性.水产科学[J].2006.25(2):62-64.
[148]Moriarty,D.J.W.Microbial biotechnology:a key ingredient for sustainable aqua-culture[J].Info fish Int.1996,4:29-33.
[149]Moriarty,D.J.W.Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds[J].Aquaculture,1998,164:351-358.
[150]连常平.芽孢杆菌的生产方法及该菌在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科技情报,2005,32(3):114-117.
[151]Douillet,P.A.Bacterial probiotic for water quality and disease control.Proceedings of Aquaculture '98[C],World Aquaculture Society,Las Vegas,USA,1998,152.
[152]Arifff,A.B.,Rosfariazn,M.,Sobri,M.A.,Karim,M.I.Biological treatment of fishery washing water using Bacillus sphaericus coupled with production of spores that are toxic to mosquito,larvae[J].Enviroment Technology,2001,22:697-704.
[153]吴伟,余晓丽,黎小正,李咏梅,瞿建宏.芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌的疏水性及其应用[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(2):152-156.
[154]蒙显英,黎起秦,冯家勋,叶云峰,段承杰.芽孢杆菌产生的抗菌物质的研究进展[J].中国植保导刊,2004,12:13-15.
[155]韩继宏,阮宜宾,黄志诚.枯草芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用[[J].渔业致富指南,2002,22:52.
[156]丁彦文,艾红.微生物在水产养殖中的应用[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2000,20(1):68-73.
[157]仇丽.枯草芽孢杆菌在养殖中的应用[[J].渔业现代化,2002,4:62-64.
[158]Shimogaki,H.,Takeuchi,K.,Nishino,T.,Ohdera,M.,Kudo,T.,Ohba,K.,Iwama,M.Irie,M.Purification and properties of a novel surface active agent and alkaline-resistant protease from Bacillus sp.[J].Y.Agric.Biol.Chem,1991,55:2251-2258.
[159]Kumar,S.,Kikon,K.,Upadhyay,A.,Kanwar,S.S.,Gupta,R.Production,purification,and characterization of lipase from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus coagulans BTS-3[J].Protein Expression and Purification.2005,41(1):38-44.
[160]Winicier,U.K.,Stuckmann,M.Glycogen,Hyaluronate,and some other polysaccharides greatly enhance the formation of exolipase by Serratia marcescens[J].Journal of Bacherbiology.1979,138(3):663-670.
[161]李会荣,俞勇,李筠,陈刚,纪伟尚,徐怀恕.海洋有益菌的筛选与鉴定[J].高技术通讯,2001,(4):17-22.
[162]王晓颖.虾蟹混养池若干功能微生物的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[163]Chen,C.C.,Chen,S.N.Water quality management with Bacillus spp.in the High-Density Culture of Red-Parrot Fish Cichlasoma citrinellum×C.synspilum[J].North American journal of aquaculture,2001,63:66-73.
[164]侯颖,孙军德,徐建强,徐超蕾.巨大芽孢杆菌对养殖水体氨氮降解特性研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(4):607-610.
[165]Calik,P.,Bilir,E.,Calik G.,Ozdamar,T.H..Influence ofpH conditions on metabolic regulations in serinc alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformisornus [J].Enzyme and mirobial technology.2002,31(5):685-697.
[166]Maitin,V.,Kavitha,R.,Umesh-Kumar,S.Properties of an extracellular amylase purified from a Bacillus species[J].World journal of microbiology and Biotechnology,2001,17:823-826.
[167]Nthangeni,M.B.,Paterton,H.,van Tonder,A.,Vergeer,W.P.,Litthauer,D.Over-expression and properties of a purified recombinant Bacillus licheniformis lipase:a comparative report on Bacillus lipase[J].Enzyme microb technol,2001,28(7-8):705-712.
[168]Sogarrd,H.,Demark,T.S.Microlials for feed beyond lactic acid bacteria[J].Feed international,1990,11(4):32-38.
[169]张庆,李卓佳,陈康德.复合微生物对水体生态因子的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,1999,8:43-47.
[170]Catesoupe,F.J.The use of prohiotics in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,1999,160:177-203.
[171]Lu,S.F.,Chang,P.P.A theromostable neutralprotease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCRC 15541[J].Lett Appl Microbial,1996,22(1):5-9.
[172]肖怀秋,林亲录,李玉珍,赵谋明.产中性蛋白酶菌株B4发酵条件的研究[J].食品与机械,2004,20(5):22-26.
[173]冯健,贾刚.饲料中不同脂肪水平诱导红姑鱼脂肪肝病的研究[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):61-64.
[174]Ogata,H.Y.,Oku,H.The effects of dietary retinoic acid on body lipid deposition in juvenile red sea bream(Pagrus major)[J].Aquaculture,2001,193:271-279.
[175]Gulati,S.K.,Ashes,L.R.Hydrogenation of eicosapentaenoie and docosahexaenoic acids and their incorporation fat.Animal Feed Science and Technology[J],1999,179:57-64.
[176]Sargent,J.,McEvoy,L.,Baum,C.Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development:current status and further direction[J].Aquaculture,1999,179:217-229.
[177]Akiyama,D.M.,Dominy,W.G..,Lawrence,A.L.Marine shrimp culture:principles and practices[C].Amsterdam:Elesevier,1992,535-568.
[178]高淳仁,雷霁霖.不同脂肪源对真绸幼鱼生长、存活及体内脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 中国水产科学,1999,6(3):55-60.
[179]蒋克勇,李勇,仇鹏程.海水养殖主要虾类营养需要量研究进展[J].南方水产,2004,7:2-5.
[180]Wouters,K.,Pignave,X.,Bastidas,L.Ovarian maturation and haemolymphatic vitellogenin concentration of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei(Boone)fed increasing levels of total dietary lipids and HUFA[J].Aquaculture.Research,2001,32:573-582.
[181]潘康成,何明清,刘克琳.微生物添加剂对鲤鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响研究[J].饲料工业,1997,18(10):41-42.
[182]张新明,付宁.微生态制剂对凡纳滨对虾促生长作用试验[J].水利渔业,2006,26(4):38-39.
[183]Ziaei-Nejad,S.,Rezaei,M.H.,Takami,G.A.,Lovett,D.L.,Mirvaghefi,A.R.,Shakouri,M.The effect of Bacillus spp.bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activeity,survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus[J].Aquaculture,2006,252:516-524.
[184]池信才,吴定虎,陈细法.对虾口服虾康素后对一些生理指标的影响[J].福建水产,1996,6:20-24.
[185]Sirirat,R.,Sombat,R.,.Somkiat,P.Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by a probiont bacterium Bacillus S11.[J].Aquaculture,2000,191:271-288
[186]Uma,A.Effect ofprobiotic feed supplement on performance and disease resistance of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus[J].Aquacult.Trop.1999,14(2):159-164.
[187]Bradford,M.M.A rapidand sensitive method for the quantization of micrograt quanties of protein using the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Anal Biochem,1976,72:248-254.
[188]Ashida,M.Purification and characterization of pre-prophenoloxidase from hemolymph of the silkworm,Bombyx Mori[J].Arch.Biochem.Biophys.1971,144(2):749-762.
[189]Ducluzeau,R..Role of experimental ecology in gastroenterology.In:Bergogne-Berezin E.(Ed.),Microbial Ecology and Intestinal Infections[C].Springer,Paris,1989.pp.1-5.
[190]Wilhelm,H.,Holzapfel,P.H.,Johannes,S.,Ulrich,S,,Jos H.J.Huis in't Veld,1998.Overview of gut flora and probiotics[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,41:85-101.
[191]Lesel R.,Thermal effect on bacterial flora in the gut of rainbow trout and African catfish[C].In:Lesel,R.,(Ed.),Microbiology in Poecilotherms.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1990.33-38.
[192]Hamid,A.,Sakata,T.,Kakimoto,D.Microflora in the alimentary tract of grey mullet:A comparison of the mullet intestinal microflora in fresh and sea water[J].Bull.Jpn.Soc.Sci Fish,1978,44,53-57
[193]Sakata,T.,Okabayashi,J.,Kakimoto,D.,Variations in Intestinal microflora of Tilapia reared in fresh and sea water[J].Bull.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.1980,46:313-317.
[194]Ringφ,E.,Stroem,E.Microflora of Arctic chary,Savelneus alpinmus(L.):gastrointestinal microflora of free-living fish and effect of diet and salinitary on intestinal microflora[J].Aquaculture Fish Manage,1994,25,623-629.
[195]Sugita,H.,Tanaami,H.,Kobashi,T.,Deguchi,Y.Bacterial flora of coastal bivalves[J].Bull.Jpn.Soc Sci Fish,1981,47,655-661
[196]Tanasomwang,V.,Muroga,K..Intestinal microflora of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli,tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes and red grouper Epinephelus akaara at their larval and juvenile stages[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1989,55:1371-1377.
[197]Ringφ,E.Does dietary linoleic acid affect intestinal microflora in Arctic chary,Salvelinus alpinus.Aquacult Fish Manage,1993,24:133-135.
[198]Ringφ,E.,Stroem,E.,Tabachek,J.A.Intestinal microflora of salomonids:A review[J].Aquculture research,1995,26,773-789.
[199]Padilla,C.Inhibition of the growth of enteropathogenic bacilli by bacteriocins produced by micro-organisms from the sediment of wells[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1990,68:289-295.
[200]Tovar,D.,Zambonino,J.,Cahu,C.,Gatesoupe,F.J.,Vazquezo-Juarez,R.,Lesel,R..Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae[J],Aquaculture,2002,204:113-123.
[201]Baticados,M.C.L.,Lavilla-Pitogo,C.R.,Crus-Lacierds,E.R.,de la Pen~a LD,Sunaz, N.A.Studies on the chemical control of luminous bacteria V.harveyi and V.splendidus isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon larvae and rearing water[J].Dis Aquat.Org,1990,91:133-139.
[202]Mohney,L.L.,Lightner,D.V.,Bell,T.A.An epizootic of vibriosis in ecuadorian pond-reared Penaeus vannamei Bonne(Crustacea:Decapoda)[J].J World Aquae Soc,1994,25:116-125.
[203]Gournier-Chateau,N.,Larpent,J.P.,Castellanos,L,Larpent,J.L.Les Probiotiques en Alimentation Animale et Humaine[C].Technique et Documentation Lavoisier Paris,1994,192 pp.
[204]Bachere,E.,Mialhe,E.,Noel,T.,Boulo,V.,Morvan,A.,Rodriguez,J.Knowledge and research prospects in marine mollusk and crustacean immunology[J].Aquaculture,1995,32:17-32.
[205]Francisco,V.,Gloria,Y.Beta glucan binding protein and its role in shrimp response[J].Aquaculture,2000,191:13-19.
[206]李光友.中国对虾疾病与免疫机制[J].海洋科学,1995,4:1-3.
[207]Ratlife,N.A.,Rowley,A.F.Invertebrate Blood Cells[C].Academic press,London 1981,385-420.
[208]Takahashi,Y.,Itami,T.,Kondo,M.Immunodefense system incrustaca.Fish Pathol,1995,30:141-150.
[209]李光友,王青.中国对虾血细胞及其免疫研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,11:591-601
[210]Ratlife,N.A.,Rowley,A.F.,Fitzgerald,S.W.,Rhodes,C.P.Invertebrate immunity:basic concepts and recent advances[J].Int.Rev.Cytol.,1985,97:183-350.
[211]Smith,V.J.,Soderhall,K.Induction of degranulation and lysis of haemocytes in the freshwater crayfish Astacus astacus by components of the prophenoloxidase activating system in vitro[J].Cell and Tissue Research,1983,233:295-303.
[212]Johansson,M.W.,Soderhall,K.Cellular immunity in crustacean and the proPO system[J].Parasitology Today,1989,5:171-176.
[213]王永胜,钱鲁闽.三类免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的研究[J].台湾海峡,2006,25(1):41-47.
[214]牟海津,江晓路,刘树清,管华诗.免疫多糖对栉孔扇贝酸性磷酸酶,碱性磷酸 酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1999,29(3):463-468.
[215]余德光,朱红友,王广军,谢骏,于方兆,黄志斌.嗜酸小球菌对凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子的影响[J].海洋水产研究.2006,27(5):51-55.
[216]曹剑香,简纪常,吴灶和.溶藻弧菌疫苗对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(6):11-17
[217]刘岩,江晓路,吕青,管华诗.聚甘露糖醛酸对中国对虾免疫相关酶活性和溶菌溶血活性的影响[J].水产学报,2000,24(6):549-553.
[218]王秀华,宋晓玲,黄健.肽聚糖制剂对南美白对虾体液免疫因子的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(1):26-30.
[219]Fisher,W.S.,Newell,R.I.E.Seasonal and environmental variation in protein and carbohydrate levels in the hemolymph from American oysters(Crassostrea virginica Gmelin)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1986,85:365-372.
[220]Chu,F.L.E.,Peyre,J.F.Effect of environmental factors and parasitism on hemolymph lysozyme and protein of American oysters(Crassostrea virginica)[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1989,54:224-232.
[221]黄翔鹄,李长玲,郑莲,刘楚吾,陈永任.固定化微藻对改善养殖水质和增强对虾抗病力的研究[J].海洋通报,2005,24(2):57-62.
[222]郭文婷,李健.中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长及血淋巴中免疫因子的影响[J].饲料工业.2005,26(6):6-10.
[223]刘树青,江晓路,牟海津,管华待.免疫多糖对口本对虾血清酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(3):107-108.
[224]周遵春,孙建明,吴垠,刘亚杰.不同饲养条件下中国对虾血清蛋白、血脂、血糖含量变化的初步研究[J].水产科学,1994,13(5):9-11.
[225]Perazzolo,L.M.,Gargioni,R.,Ogliari,P.,Barracco,M.A.A.Evaluation of some hemato-immunological parameters in the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis submitted to environmental and physiological stress[J].Aquaculture,2002,214:19-33.
[226]Chen,J.C.,Chen,C.T.,Cheng,S.Y.Nitrogen excretion and changes of hemocyanin,protein and free amino acid levels in the hemolymph of Penaeus monodon exposed to different concentrations of ambient ammonia-N at different salinity levels[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser.1994,110:85-94.
[227]Chen,J.C.,Cheng,S.Y.Hemolymph oxygen content,oxyhemoeyanin,protein levels and ammonia excretion in the shrimp Penaens monodon exposed to ambient nitrite.J Comp Physiol,1995,164B:530-535.
[228]李良.双歧杆菌微囊化的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.
[229]熊强,陆利霞,孙芸,于修鑑,熊晓辉.乳酸杆菌冻干发酵剂[J].食品与生物技术学报,2006,25(2):13-16.
[230]张兆骏,微孔淀粉包埋乳酸菌功能性研究[D].重庆:西南大学.
[231]刘丽,张日俊.微胶囊技术及其在饲料工业中的应用[J].饲料工业,2002,23(10):48-50.
[232]王发祥,王青云,钟青萍,夏立秋.纳豆菌微生态制剂加工中两种干燥方法的比较[J].食品科学,2006,27(11):294-296.
[2]张振华.我国对虾养殖的现状及持续发展对策[J].江苏农业科学,2002,69(3):69-71.
[3]崔玉布.人工养虾池生态系统结构特点及其控制对策[J].海洋科学,1994,23(2):64-65.
[4]王克行.对虾养殖的曙光[J].河北渔业,1997(3):3-6.
[5]陈水土,苏国程,张跃平,李福东,杜庆红,陈然.半封闭对虾养殖体系的水环境特征[J].热带海洋,1996,15(4):85-90.
[6]李庆彪,李美芝,王宝廷.虾池生态系的特点与虾病[J].海洋学报,1995,17(5):135-139.
[7]曲克明,陈碧鹃,李秋芬.鱼虾混养对中国对虾养殖体系环境的影响及优化养殖环境对策[J].水产学报,1993,2(增刊):36-42.
[8]吴荔生,杨圣云.试论养殖水域生态系统结构优化与管理[J].科学视野,2002,26(7):15-18.
[9]国家科学技术部.浅海滩涂资源开发[M].1999,北京:海洋出版社.
[10]计新丽,林晓涛,许忠能,林燕棠.海水养殖自身污染机制及其对环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(4):66-71.
[11]杨逸萍,王增焕,孙建.精养虾池主要水化学因子变化规律和氮的收支[J].海洋科学,1999(1):15-17.
[12]温志良,张爱军,温琰茂.集约化淡水养殖对水环境的影响[J].水利渔业,2000,10(4):19-20.
[13]张扬宗.中国池塘养鱼学[M].1989,北京:科学出版社.
[14]杨红生,周毅.滤食性贝类对养殖海区环境影响的研究进展[J].海洋科学,1998,8(2):42-44.
[15]袁有宪,辛福言,孙耀,曲克明,崔毅,衣铭明,宋云利,陈碧鹃,陈民山.对虾养殖池沉积环境中TOC、TP、TN和pH及质量评价模型[J].水产学报,2000,(24): 247-253.
[16]Smith,F.Nurient budgets in intensive shrimp ponds:Implications for sustainability[J].Aquaculture,1998,163(18):117-133.
[17]王象设.池塘生态若干问题的探讨[J].浙江水产学院学报,1997,16(1):55-58.
[18]潘小玲,陈百悦,樊海平.非离子态氨及亚硝酸盐对欧洲鳗鲡的急性毒性试验[J].水产科技情报,1998,25(1):20-23.
[19]林美兰,倪纯治,刘文华,叶德赞,周宗澄,林燕顺,曾活水.厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态[J].台湾海峡,1998,17(2):156-151.
[20]牟海津,李筠,包振民.中国对虾养成期病害的细菌分析[J].海洋学报,1999,21(1):139-145.
[21]郑天凌,王海黎,洪华生.微生物在碳的海洋生物地球化学循环中的作用[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(4):47-50.
[22]曲克明,李勃生.对虾养殖生态环境的研究现状和展望[J].海洋水产研究,2000,21(3):67-71.
[23]苏永全,蔡新一,王军,郑微云,陈金翠.虾池和海区细菌数量变动与虾病发生关系[J].厦门水产学院学报,1994,16(2):40-43.
[24]郑天凌,蔡立哲.蛭弧菌在虾池生态系中的作用研究[J].海洋科学,1992,2(1):70-72.
[25]王亚南,王宝军,戴欣,焦念志,彭志英,刘双江.海水养殖场底泥中转化硫和磷化合物的微生物及其多样性[J].环境科学,2005,26(2):157-162.
[26]于占国,林凤翱,贺杰.异养细菌与虾病关系的研究[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):85-91.
[27]Amann,R.I.Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation[Y].Microbiol Rev,1995,59:143-169.
[28]杨家新.微生物生态学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[29]于占国.异养细菌与虾病关系的研究[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):85-91.
[30]高尚德,陈旭仁,吴以平.中国对虾养成期间虾池水体的底细菌含量的变化[J].水产学报,1994,18(2):138-142.
[31]郭平,许美美.对虾养殖池水域环境细菌的动态变化[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):625-629.
[32]林克冰.斑节对虾双季养成期间虾池水质和底泥细菌含量的变化[J].福建水产,1998,4(4):7-12.
[33]李秋芬.老化虾池生态系中几类主要细菌的季节变化特征[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):12-18.
[34]贾浚涛.对虾围隔生态系底泥中细菌数量动态研究[J].动物医学研究进展,2003,24(2):76-78.
[35]薛恒平,薛彦青.水产养殖同微生态与微生物生态之间关系初探[J].饲料工业,1997,18(2):23-26.
[36]Park,R.B.Probiotics-The other half of the antibiotics story[J].Anita Nutr Heal,1974,29:4-8.
[37]Fuller,R.Probiotics in man and animals[J].J Appl Bacteriol,1989,66:385-378.
[38]Tannock,G.W.Modification of the normal microbiota by diet,stress,a ntimicrobial agents,and probiotics[A].Gastrointestinal Microbiology,Vol.2,Gastrointestinal Microbes and Host Interactions[C].New York:Chapman and Hall Microbiology Series,International Thomson Publishing,1997.434-464.
[39]Kozasa,M.Toyocerin(Bacillus toyoi)as growth promotor for animal feeding[J].Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 1986,4:121-135.
[40]Chill,M.M.Bacterial flora of fishes:a review[J].Microb Ecol,1990,19:21-41.
[41]Skjermo,J.,Salvesen,I.,Oie,G.Microbially matured water:a technique for a non-opportunistic bacterial flora in water that may improve performance of marine larvae[J].Aquacult Int,1997,5:13-28.
[42]Verschure,L.,Romcaut,G.,Sorgeloos,P.Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,2006,64:655-671.
[43]章剑.益生菌在水产养殖中的应用[J].内陆水产,2000,(8):16-17.
[44]战培荣,王丽华,于沛芬,李怀明,屈延阳.光合细菌固定化及其净化养鱼水质的研究[J].水产学报,1997,21(1):97-100.
[45]丁雷,岳永生,李贵杰,张钧利,魏联果,刘金凤.芽孢菌对养鱼水质影响的研究[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(10):7-10.
[46]李秀珠.一种紫色非硫光合细菌对硫化物的抑制及其在对虾养殖中的应用[J].福建水产,1997,(1):9-13.
[47]马述法.光合细菌在养虾生产中应用试验报告[J].中国水产,1989,(7):32-33.
[48]叶奕佐,叶嵘,王苹萍,王春生,戴根平,陆生才.光合细菌(PSB)和翻富(FAMP)在温室无沙养鳖中的应用研究[J].水产科技情报,1996,23(2):51-55.
[49]韩梅,陈锡时,于永双.光合细菌净化河蟹养殖水质的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(1):64-66.
[50]王彦波,邓岳松.微生态制剂对虾池水质影响的研究[J].水利渔业,2003,23(2):16-17.
[51]邢华,高会平,浦南书,孙安邦.纯化硝化细菌制品降解养殖水体亚硝酸氮的应用试验[J].中国水产,2003,(12):85-86.
[52]韩士群,张振华,虞利俊.优化滩涂养殖水体生态结构和调节水质的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):101.
[53]邵桂元,沈启华.鱼病蛭弧菌的微生态学初步研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,1995,7(5):17-19.
[54]杨莉,马志宏,黄文,王秀茹,高儆.蛭弧菌对鲤感染嗜水气单胞菌预防效果的观察[J].大连水产学院学报,2000(4):288-292.
[55]任保振,王广军.应用有益微生物改善温室养鳖池水质的研究[J].水产科技情报,2002,29(1):27-30.
[56]Joborm,A.,Olsson,J.C.,WcstcrdahI,A.,et al.Colonisation in the Fish Intestinal Tract and production of lnhibitory Substances in lntcstina Mucus and Faecal Extracts by Camobacterium Sp Kl[J].J Fish Dis,1997,20:383-392.
[57]Rengpipat,S.,Rukpratanpom,S.,Piyatiratitivorakul,S.,Menasavcta,P.Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)by a probiont bacterium (Bacillus S11)[J].Aquaculture,2000,191:271-288.
[58]Gibson,L.F.,Woodworth,J.,George,A.M.Probiotic activity of acromonas media on the pacific Oyster,Crassostrea Gigas,when challenged with vibrio tubiashii[J].Aquacult,1998,169:111-120.
[59]王斌,陈营,毛莲菊,桂远明,康白,文姝,孔庆友.微生态调节剂对鲤生长及肠道菌群的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,1996,8(1):32-35.
[60]伊玉华,南春华.光合细菌在对虾养殖上的应用[J].大连水产学院学报,1990,5(1):66-69.
[61]王怡平,荚荣,梅贤君,任重,赵乃刚,汪朝辉.固定化光合细菌在中华绒螯蟹人工育苗中的应用[J].水产学报,1999,23(2):156-160.
[62]李光友,于义德,姜玉香,丁美丽.光合细菌作为对虾育苗期饵料添加剂试验[J].海洋科学,1993(1):52-54
[63]Tannock,G.W.Studies of the intestinal microflora:a prerequisite for the development of probiotics[J].Int.dairy Journal,1998,8,527-533.
[64]Ringφ,E.,Gatesoupe,F.J.Lactic acid bacteria in fish:a review[J].Aqua,1998,160:177-203.
[65]Rengpipat,S.,Phianphak,W.,Piyatiratitivorakul,S.Effects of a probiotic bacterium on black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival and growth[J].Aquacultrue,1998,167:301-313.
[66]Berg,h,φ.Bacteria associated with early life stages of halibut,Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.,inhibit growth of a pahogenic Vibrio sp.[J].J Fish Dis,1995,18:31-40.
[67]Sugita,H.,Hirose,Y.,Matsue,N.Vibrio sp.strain NM 10,isolated from the intestine of a Japanese coastal fish,has an inhibitory effect against pasteurella piscicida[J].Appli Environ Microbiol,1998,64:231-237.
[68]Westerdahl A.,Olsson J.C.,Kjelleberg S.,Conway P.L.Isolation and characterization of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)-associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against Vibrio anguillarum[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1991,57:2223-2228.
[69]Olsson,J.C.,Westedahl,A.,Conway,P.L.,Kjelleberg,S.Intestinal colonization potential of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)-and dab(Limanda limanda)-associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against Vibrio Anguillarum[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1992,58:551-556.
[70]Beachey,E.H.Bacterial adherence:adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces.J Infect.Dis.1981,143,325-345.
[71]Finlay,B.B.,Falkow,S.Common themes in microbial pathogenicity revisited[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,1997,6:136-169.
[72]Evelyn,T.P.T..Infection and disease.In:Iwama G.,Nakanishi T.(Eds.),The Fish Immune System:Organism,Pathogen,and Environment.Fish Physiol. Series 15.1996,Academic Press,San Diego,CA,USA,339-366.
[73]Fooks,L.J.,Fuller,R.,Gibson,G.R.Prebiotics,probiotics and human gut microbiology[J].International Dairy Journal 1999,9:53-61
[74]Fredrickson,A.G.,Stephanopoulos,G..Microbial competition[J].Science.1981,213:972-979.
[75]Dolling,J.,Gottschal,J.C.Microbe-microbe interactions.In:Mackie R.L,Withe B.A.,Isaacson R.E.,(Eds.).Gastrointestinal Microbiology,Vol.2,GastrointestinalMicrobes and Host Interactions.Chapman&Hall Microbiology Series,International Thomson Publishing,New York,1997,373-433.
[76]Anderson,D.P.Immunostimulants,adjuvants and vaccine carriers in fish:application to aquaculture[J].Annu Rev Fish Dis,1992,2:281-307.
[77]Soderhall,K.,Cerenius,L.Role of the prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrate immunity[J].Curr.Opin.Immunol,1998,10:23-28.
[78]Thomquist,P.O.,Soderhall,K.Crustacean immune reactions,ashort review.In:Flegel T.W.,MacRae I.H.,(Eds),Diseases in Asian Aquaculture Ⅲ.Fish Health Section,Asian Fisheries Society,Manila,1997,203-218.
[79]Lackie,A.M.Invertebrate immuneity[J].Paraitology,1980,80:393-412.
[80]Hemandez-Lopez,J.,Gollas-Galvan-Albores,E Activation of the Prophenol-oxidase system of the brown shrimp(Penaeus californienis Holmes)[J].Comp Biochem Phsiol,1996,113c:61-66.
[81]Rodriguez,J.,Boulo,V.,Mialhe.E.,Bachere,E.Characterization of shrimp haemocytes and plasma components by monoclonal antibodies[j].J Cell Sci,1995,108:1043-1050.
[82]张新明,李健,刘淇,王群.细菌J-10对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(4):6-12.
[83]Gullian M,Thompsonb F,Rodriguezc J.Selection of probiotic bacteria and study of their immunostimulatory effect in Penaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2004,233:1-14.
[84]徐琴,李健,刘淇,王群.微生态制剂对中国对虾幼体生长和非特异性免疫的影响[J].饲料工业,2006,27(12):26-29.
[85]朱学芝,郑石轩,潘庆军,董爱华.芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾免疫和生化指标的影 响[J].饲料研究,2007,4:56-59.
[86]Lesel,R.,Menet,J.P.The bacterial microflora in the digestive tract of penguins and fishes from the Kerguelen Islands.In:Adaptations within antartic ecosystems.Llano,G.A.(Ed.).3.SCAR Symposium on Antartic Biology,Washington(USA),1974/08/26-30.Gulf Publishing Compagny,Houston(USA).1977,569-578
[87]Lin,H.Z,,Guo,Z.X.,Yang,Y.Y.Effect of dietary pmbiotics on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients of white shrimp Litopenaeus varznamei Boone[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35:1441-1447.
[88]丁贤,李卓佳,陈永青,林黑着,杨莺莺,杨铿.芽孢杆菌对凡纳对虾生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(6):581-585.
[89]李卓佳,曹煌成,陈永青,江世贵,冯娟.地衣芽孢杆菌De株的胞外产物对凡纳滨对虾脂肪酶活性影响的体外实验[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(2):191-195.
[90]Devaraja,T.N,,Yusoff,F.M.Changes in bacterial populations and shrimp production in ponds treated with commercial microbial products[J].Agraculture,2002,206(3-4):245-256.
[91]Farzanfar,A.The use of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture[J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2006,48:149-158.
[92]Corre,V.L.,Janeo,R.,Caipang,C.M.,Caple,A.T.Use of probiotics and reservoirs with "green water" and other tips for a successful shrimp culture[J].Aqua Asia,2000,5(2):34-38.
[93]Hoa,N.T.,Baccigalupi,L.,Huxham,A.,Smertenko,A.,Van,P.H.,Ammendola,S.,Ricca,E.,Cutting,A.S..Characterization of Bacillus species used for oral bacteriotherapy and bacterioprophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.2000,66:5241-5247.
[94]郑天凌,陈瑛,李福东,蔡立哲.控制对虾弧菌病药物的实验研究[J].水产学报,1994,18(3):215-221.
[95]王晓颖,席峰,袁建军,田蕴,王桂忠,郑天凌.虾池沉积环境中若干功能菌及弧菌的时空变化[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(S1):251-256.
[96]黄凌淳,郑天凌.对虾育苗池中异养细菌丰度和生长速率的研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1994,33(S1):66-70.
[97]Kemp,P.F.,Aller,J.Y.Bacterial diversity in aquatic and other environments:what 16S rDNA libraries can tell us[J],FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2004,47:161-167.
[98]Hugenholtz,P.,Goebel,B.M.,Pace,N.R.Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1998,180:4765-4774.
[99]Kemp,P.F.,Aller,J.Y.Bacterial diversity in aquatic and other environments:what 16S rDNA libraries can tell us[J].Ferns Microbiology Ecology 2004.47:161-177.
[100]Rappe MS,and G.SJ.The uncultured microbial majority[J],Annual review of microbiology,2003,57:369-394.
[101]李建军.养殖对虾暴发性流行病防治措施[J].水产科学,1998,17(3):41-43
[102]曲克明.对虾养殖池生态环境的人工调控及其特征[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(3):178-185.
[103]刘祖祥.对虾塘立体混养贝类技术[J].水产科技情报,1993,20(1):12-14.
[104]吴琴瑟.斑节对虾养殖的综合措施[J].南海研究与开发,1997,4:45-49.
[105]刘国才,李德尚,董双林.对虾养殖围隔生态系统浮游细菌的呼吸与生产[J].应用生态学报,2003,20(1):124-128.
[106]DeLong,E.F.Archaea in coastal marine environments[J].Proc Natl Acad Sei U S A,1992,89(12):5685-5689.
[107]Hoelzel,A.R.,Green,A.Analysis of population-level variation by sequencing PCR-amplified DNA[M].In:AR Hoelzed(ed)Practical Approach Series:Molecular Genetic Analysis of Population,vol ⅹⅶ.IRL Press at Oxford University Press,New York,1992,159-187.
[108]Timmermans,L.P.M.,Early development and differentiation in fish[J].Sarsia 1987,72:331-339.
[109]Vadstein,O.The use of immunostimulation in marine larviculture:possibilities and challenges[j].Aquaculture,1997,155:401-417.
[110]Clements,K.D.Fermentation and gastrointestinal microorganisms in fishes.In Gastrointestinal microbiology[M].Vol.1:Gastrointestinal ecosystems,and fermentations(eds Mackie,R.I.& White,B.A.)156-198
[111]Moriarty,D.J.W.Interactions of microorganisms and aquatic animals,particularly thenutritional role of the gut microflora[M].In:Lesel R(Ed):Microbiology in poecilotherms.Elsevier.1990,Amsterdam:Science Publishers,217-222.
[112]Sakata,T.Microflora in the digestive tract of fish and shellfish.In:Lesel R.,(Ed.),Microbiology in Poecilotherms[M].Amsterdam.1990,171-176.
[113]Prieur,D,Mvel,G.,Nicolas,J-L.,Plusquellec,A.,Vigneulle,M.Interactions between bivalve molluscs and bacteria in the marine Environment[J].Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev,1990,28:277-352.
[114]Sakata,T.,Koreeda,Y.A numerical taxonomic study of the dominant bacteria isolated from Tilapia intestines[J].Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish,1986,52(9):1625-1634.
[115]宛立,王吉桥,高峰,杨士勇,王年斌.南美白对虾肠道细菌菌群分析[J].水产科学,2006,25(1):13-15.
[116]Wang,X.H.,Li,H.R.,Zhang X.H.Flora in the Digestive Tract of Adult Penaeid Shrimp(Penaeus chinensis)[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2000,30(3):493-498.
[117]罗鹏,胡超群,谢珍玉,张吕平,任春华,许尤厚.凡纳滨对虾咸淡水养殖系统内细菌群落组成的PCR-DGGE分析[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(2):49-53.
[118]杨先乐.2000年我国水产养殖病害流行态势剖析[J].中国水产,2001,3:12-13.
[119]Sung Hung-Hung,Li Hai-Ching,Tsai Fu-Ming et al.Changes in the composition of Vibrio communities in pond water during tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)cultivation and in the hepatopancreas of healthy and diseased shrimp[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.1999,236:261-271.
[120]郭丰,林均民,黄凌风,周时强,沈国英.厦门潘涂对虾养殖垦区浮游植物的生态特征[J].台湾海峡,2002,21(4):469-482.
[121]李雪松,梁君荣,陈长平,谢文玲,高亚辉.泉州湾虾池浮游植物种类多样性研究[J].2005,45(S1):234-249.
[122]李扬,高亚辉,黄德强.海洋球石藻研究进展[J].科学视野,2002,26(3):13-16.
[123]席峰,傅莲英,王桂忠,郑天凌.海洋沉积物DNA提取前的简易脱腐方法[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(4):65-70.
[124]傅莲英,席峰,袁建军,王桂忠,田蕴,郑天凌.海水养殖沉积环境微生物总DNA的提取方法研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(11):841-846.
[125]Jdrensen,B.B.Proccess at the sediment-water interface[Z].In:The Major Biogeo- chemical Cycles and Their Interactions.SCOPE.21.John Wiely.1983,477-509.
[126]Redshaw,C.J.,Manson,C.F.,Hayes,C.R.,Roberts,R.D.Factors influencing P exchange across the sediment-water interface of eutrophic reservoirs.Hydrobiology,1990,192:233-245.
[127]Barbosa,T.M.,and S.B.Levy.The impact of antibiotic use on resistance development and persistence[J].Drug.Resist.Updates,2000,3:303-311.
[128]郑天凌等.水产养殖环境中主要微生物菌群的作用及监测技术.《环境与生态论丛》[M],厦门大学出版社,1993,63-68.
[129]Perreten,V.Use of antimicrobials in food-producing animal in Switzerland and the European Union(EU)[J].Mitt.Lebensm.Hyg.2003,94:155-163.
[130]俞勇,李会荣,李筠,陈刚,纪伟尚,徐怀恕.益生菌制剂在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2001,8(2):92-96.
[131]Green,D.H.,Wakeley,P.R.,Page,A.Barnes,A.,Baccigalupi,L.,Rieca,E.,Cutting,S.M.Characterization of two Bacillus probiotics.Appl.Environ.Microbiol[J].1999,65:4288-4291.
[132]Due,L.H.,Hong,H.A.,Barbosa,T.M.,Henriques,A.O.,Cutting,S.M.Characterisation of Bacillus probiotics available for human use[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.2004,70:2161-2171.
[133]Gatesoupe,F.J.The use of probiotics in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,1999,180(1-2):147-165.
[134]杨文博.微生物学实验[M].2004,北京:化学工业出版社,45.
[135]东秀珠,蔡妙英.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].2001,北京:科学出版社.
[136]陈绍铭,郑福寿.水生微生物学实验法(上)[M].1990,北京:海洋出版社.
[137]Kleiss,T.,Deberghes,P.,Durrer,M.Identification of environmcntal staphylococci and coliforms by Vitck Auto Microhic System[J].Food Microhiology,1995,12:199-202.
[138]杨毓环,陈伟伟.VITEK全自动微生物检测系统原理及其应用[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2000,6(3):38-39.
[139]布坝南R E,吉本斯.中国科学院微生物研究所译.伯杰氏细菌学鉴定手册[M].第8版.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[140]张华勇,李振高.土壤芽孢杆菌及其资源的持续利用[J].土壤,2001,(2):92-97.
[141]翟建宏,刘韶斌.水体中芽孢杆菌和微囊藻的生长及其资源竞争[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2002,22(3):13-18.
[142]田黎,李光友.海洋生境芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)的培养条件及产生的胞外抗菌蛋白[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):87-92.
[143]王亚南,王保军,戴欣,焦念志,彭志英,刘双江.近海养虾场底泥中产芽袍细菌的生态特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(4):484-488.
[144]吴韦,余晓丽,黎小正等.芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌的疏水性及其作用[J].中国环境科学,2003:152-156.
[145]Porubcan R.S.1991.Reduction in chemical oxygen demand and improve in Penaeus monodon yield in ponds inoculated with aerobic Bacillus bacteria[A].Program and Abstracts of the 22nd Annual Conference and Exposition,16-20 June 1991[C].San Juan,Puerto Rico:World Aquaculture Society.
[146]Alavandi S.V,Vijayan K.K.,Santiago T.C.,Poornima M.,Jithendran K.P.,Ali S.A.,Rajan J.J.S.Evaluation of Pseudomonas sp.PM 11 and Vibrio fluvialis PM 17 on immune indices of tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2004,17:115-120.
[147]宛立,王吉桥,杨世勇,王年斌.健康养殖南美白对虾肠道细菌的抗菌活性.水产科学[J].2006.25(2):62-64.
[148]Moriarty,D.J.W.Microbial biotechnology:a key ingredient for sustainable aqua-culture[J].Info fish Int.1996,4:29-33.
[149]Moriarty,D.J.W.Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds[J].Aquaculture,1998,164:351-358.
[150]连常平.芽孢杆菌的生产方法及该菌在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科技情报,2005,32(3):114-117.
[151]Douillet,P.A.Bacterial probiotic for water quality and disease control.Proceedings of Aquaculture '98[C],World Aquaculture Society,Las Vegas,USA,1998,152.
[152]Arifff,A.B.,Rosfariazn,M.,Sobri,M.A.,Karim,M.I.Biological treatment of fishery washing water using Bacillus sphaericus coupled with production of spores that are toxic to mosquito,larvae[J].Enviroment Technology,2001,22:697-704.
[153]吴伟,余晓丽,黎小正,李咏梅,瞿建宏.芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌的疏水性及其应用[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(2):152-156.
[154]蒙显英,黎起秦,冯家勋,叶云峰,段承杰.芽孢杆菌产生的抗菌物质的研究进展[J].中国植保导刊,2004,12:13-15.
[155]韩继宏,阮宜宾,黄志诚.枯草芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用[[J].渔业致富指南,2002,22:52.
[156]丁彦文,艾红.微生物在水产养殖中的应用[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2000,20(1):68-73.
[157]仇丽.枯草芽孢杆菌在养殖中的应用[[J].渔业现代化,2002,4:62-64.
[158]Shimogaki,H.,Takeuchi,K.,Nishino,T.,Ohdera,M.,Kudo,T.,Ohba,K.,Iwama,M.Irie,M.Purification and properties of a novel surface active agent and alkaline-resistant protease from Bacillus sp.[J].Y.Agric.Biol.Chem,1991,55:2251-2258.
[159]Kumar,S.,Kikon,K.,Upadhyay,A.,Kanwar,S.S.,Gupta,R.Production,purification,and characterization of lipase from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus coagulans BTS-3[J].Protein Expression and Purification.2005,41(1):38-44.
[160]Winicier,U.K.,Stuckmann,M.Glycogen,Hyaluronate,and some other polysaccharides greatly enhance the formation of exolipase by Serratia marcescens[J].Journal of Bacherbiology.1979,138(3):663-670.
[161]李会荣,俞勇,李筠,陈刚,纪伟尚,徐怀恕.海洋有益菌的筛选与鉴定[J].高技术通讯,2001,(4):17-22.
[162]王晓颖.虾蟹混养池若干功能微生物的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[163]Chen,C.C.,Chen,S.N.Water quality management with Bacillus spp.in the High-Density Culture of Red-Parrot Fish Cichlasoma citrinellum×C.synspilum[J].North American journal of aquaculture,2001,63:66-73.
[164]侯颖,孙军德,徐建强,徐超蕾.巨大芽孢杆菌对养殖水体氨氮降解特性研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(4):607-610.
[165]Calik,P.,Bilir,E.,Calik G.,Ozdamar,T.H..Influence ofpH conditions on metabolic regulations in serinc alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformisornus [J].Enzyme and mirobial technology.2002,31(5):685-697.
[166]Maitin,V.,Kavitha,R.,Umesh-Kumar,S.Properties of an extracellular amylase purified from a Bacillus species[J].World journal of microbiology and Biotechnology,2001,17:823-826.
[167]Nthangeni,M.B.,Paterton,H.,van Tonder,A.,Vergeer,W.P.,Litthauer,D.Over-expression and properties of a purified recombinant Bacillus licheniformis lipase:a comparative report on Bacillus lipase[J].Enzyme microb technol,2001,28(7-8):705-712.
[168]Sogarrd,H.,Demark,T.S.Microlials for feed beyond lactic acid bacteria[J].Feed international,1990,11(4):32-38.
[169]张庆,李卓佳,陈康德.复合微生物对水体生态因子的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,1999,8:43-47.
[170]Catesoupe,F.J.The use of prohiotics in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,1999,160:177-203.
[171]Lu,S.F.,Chang,P.P.A theromostable neutralprotease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCRC 15541[J].Lett Appl Microbial,1996,22(1):5-9.
[172]肖怀秋,林亲录,李玉珍,赵谋明.产中性蛋白酶菌株B4发酵条件的研究[J].食品与机械,2004,20(5):22-26.
[173]冯健,贾刚.饲料中不同脂肪水平诱导红姑鱼脂肪肝病的研究[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):61-64.
[174]Ogata,H.Y.,Oku,H.The effects of dietary retinoic acid on body lipid deposition in juvenile red sea bream(Pagrus major)[J].Aquaculture,2001,193:271-279.
[175]Gulati,S.K.,Ashes,L.R.Hydrogenation of eicosapentaenoie and docosahexaenoic acids and their incorporation fat.Animal Feed Science and Technology[J],1999,179:57-64.
[176]Sargent,J.,McEvoy,L.,Baum,C.Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development:current status and further direction[J].Aquaculture,1999,179:217-229.
[177]Akiyama,D.M.,Dominy,W.G..,Lawrence,A.L.Marine shrimp culture:principles and practices[C].Amsterdam:Elesevier,1992,535-568.
[178]高淳仁,雷霁霖.不同脂肪源对真绸幼鱼生长、存活及体内脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 中国水产科学,1999,6(3):55-60.
[179]蒋克勇,李勇,仇鹏程.海水养殖主要虾类营养需要量研究进展[J].南方水产,2004,7:2-5.
[180]Wouters,K.,Pignave,X.,Bastidas,L.Ovarian maturation and haemolymphatic vitellogenin concentration of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei(Boone)fed increasing levels of total dietary lipids and HUFA[J].Aquaculture.Research,2001,32:573-582.
[181]潘康成,何明清,刘克琳.微生物添加剂对鲤鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响研究[J].饲料工业,1997,18(10):41-42.
[182]张新明,付宁.微生态制剂对凡纳滨对虾促生长作用试验[J].水利渔业,2006,26(4):38-39.
[183]Ziaei-Nejad,S.,Rezaei,M.H.,Takami,G.A.,Lovett,D.L.,Mirvaghefi,A.R.,Shakouri,M.The effect of Bacillus spp.bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activeity,survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus[J].Aquaculture,2006,252:516-524.
[184]池信才,吴定虎,陈细法.对虾口服虾康素后对一些生理指标的影响[J].福建水产,1996,6:20-24.
[185]Sirirat,R.,Sombat,R.,.Somkiat,P.Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by a probiont bacterium Bacillus S11.[J].Aquaculture,2000,191:271-288
[186]Uma,A.Effect ofprobiotic feed supplement on performance and disease resistance of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus[J].Aquacult.Trop.1999,14(2):159-164.
[187]Bradford,M.M.A rapidand sensitive method for the quantization of micrograt quanties of protein using the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Anal Biochem,1976,72:248-254.
[188]Ashida,M.Purification and characterization of pre-prophenoloxidase from hemolymph of the silkworm,Bombyx Mori[J].Arch.Biochem.Biophys.1971,144(2):749-762.
[189]Ducluzeau,R..Role of experimental ecology in gastroenterology.In:Bergogne-Berezin E.(Ed.),Microbial Ecology and Intestinal Infections[C].Springer,Paris,1989.pp.1-5.
[190]Wilhelm,H.,Holzapfel,P.H.,Johannes,S.,Ulrich,S,,Jos H.J.Huis in't Veld,1998.Overview of gut flora and probiotics[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,41:85-101.
[191]Lesel R.,Thermal effect on bacterial flora in the gut of rainbow trout and African catfish[C].In:Lesel,R.,(Ed.),Microbiology in Poecilotherms.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1990.33-38.
[192]Hamid,A.,Sakata,T.,Kakimoto,D.Microflora in the alimentary tract of grey mullet:A comparison of the mullet intestinal microflora in fresh and sea water[J].Bull.Jpn.Soc.Sci Fish,1978,44,53-57
[193]Sakata,T.,Okabayashi,J.,Kakimoto,D.,Variations in Intestinal microflora of Tilapia reared in fresh and sea water[J].Bull.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.1980,46:313-317.
[194]Ringφ,E.,Stroem,E.Microflora of Arctic chary,Savelneus alpinmus(L.):gastrointestinal microflora of free-living fish and effect of diet and salinitary on intestinal microflora[J].Aquaculture Fish Manage,1994,25,623-629.
[195]Sugita,H.,Tanaami,H.,Kobashi,T.,Deguchi,Y.Bacterial flora of coastal bivalves[J].Bull.Jpn.Soc Sci Fish,1981,47,655-661
[196]Tanasomwang,V.,Muroga,K..Intestinal microflora of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli,tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes and red grouper Epinephelus akaara at their larval and juvenile stages[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1989,55:1371-1377.
[197]Ringφ,E.Does dietary linoleic acid affect intestinal microflora in Arctic chary,Salvelinus alpinus.Aquacult Fish Manage,1993,24:133-135.
[198]Ringφ,E.,Stroem,E.,Tabachek,J.A.Intestinal microflora of salomonids:A review[J].Aquculture research,1995,26,773-789.
[199]Padilla,C.Inhibition of the growth of enteropathogenic bacilli by bacteriocins produced by micro-organisms from the sediment of wells[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1990,68:289-295.
[200]Tovar,D.,Zambonino,J.,Cahu,C.,Gatesoupe,F.J.,Vazquezo-Juarez,R.,Lesel,R..Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae[J],Aquaculture,2002,204:113-123.
[201]Baticados,M.C.L.,Lavilla-Pitogo,C.R.,Crus-Lacierds,E.R.,de la Pen~a LD,Sunaz, N.A.Studies on the chemical control of luminous bacteria V.harveyi and V.splendidus isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon larvae and rearing water[J].Dis Aquat.Org,1990,91:133-139.
[202]Mohney,L.L.,Lightner,D.V.,Bell,T.A.An epizootic of vibriosis in ecuadorian pond-reared Penaeus vannamei Bonne(Crustacea:Decapoda)[J].J World Aquae Soc,1994,25:116-125.
[203]Gournier-Chateau,N.,Larpent,J.P.,Castellanos,L,Larpent,J.L.Les Probiotiques en Alimentation Animale et Humaine[C].Technique et Documentation Lavoisier Paris,1994,192 pp.
[204]Bachere,E.,Mialhe,E.,Noel,T.,Boulo,V.,Morvan,A.,Rodriguez,J.Knowledge and research prospects in marine mollusk and crustacean immunology[J].Aquaculture,1995,32:17-32.
[205]Francisco,V.,Gloria,Y.Beta glucan binding protein and its role in shrimp response[J].Aquaculture,2000,191:13-19.
[206]李光友.中国对虾疾病与免疫机制[J].海洋科学,1995,4:1-3.
[207]Ratlife,N.A.,Rowley,A.F.Invertebrate Blood Cells[C].Academic press,London 1981,385-420.
[208]Takahashi,Y.,Itami,T.,Kondo,M.Immunodefense system incrustaca.Fish Pathol,1995,30:141-150.
[209]李光友,王青.中国对虾血细胞及其免疫研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,11:591-601
[210]Ratlife,N.A.,Rowley,A.F.,Fitzgerald,S.W.,Rhodes,C.P.Invertebrate immunity:basic concepts and recent advances[J].Int.Rev.Cytol.,1985,97:183-350.
[211]Smith,V.J.,Soderhall,K.Induction of degranulation and lysis of haemocytes in the freshwater crayfish Astacus astacus by components of the prophenoloxidase activating system in vitro[J].Cell and Tissue Research,1983,233:295-303.
[212]Johansson,M.W.,Soderhall,K.Cellular immunity in crustacean and the proPO system[J].Parasitology Today,1989,5:171-176.
[213]王永胜,钱鲁闽.三类免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的研究[J].台湾海峡,2006,25(1):41-47.
[214]牟海津,江晓路,刘树清,管华诗.免疫多糖对栉孔扇贝酸性磷酸酶,碱性磷酸 酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1999,29(3):463-468.
[215]余德光,朱红友,王广军,谢骏,于方兆,黄志斌.嗜酸小球菌对凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子的影响[J].海洋水产研究.2006,27(5):51-55.
[216]曹剑香,简纪常,吴灶和.溶藻弧菌疫苗对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(6):11-17
[217]刘岩,江晓路,吕青,管华诗.聚甘露糖醛酸对中国对虾免疫相关酶活性和溶菌溶血活性的影响[J].水产学报,2000,24(6):549-553.
[218]王秀华,宋晓玲,黄健.肽聚糖制剂对南美白对虾体液免疫因子的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(1):26-30.
[219]Fisher,W.S.,Newell,R.I.E.Seasonal and environmental variation in protein and carbohydrate levels in the hemolymph from American oysters(Crassostrea virginica Gmelin)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1986,85:365-372.
[220]Chu,F.L.E.,Peyre,J.F.Effect of environmental factors and parasitism on hemolymph lysozyme and protein of American oysters(Crassostrea virginica)[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1989,54:224-232.
[221]黄翔鹄,李长玲,郑莲,刘楚吾,陈永任.固定化微藻对改善养殖水质和增强对虾抗病力的研究[J].海洋通报,2005,24(2):57-62.
[222]郭文婷,李健.中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长及血淋巴中免疫因子的影响[J].饲料工业.2005,26(6):6-10.
[223]刘树青,江晓路,牟海津,管华待.免疫多糖对口本对虾血清酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(3):107-108.
[224]周遵春,孙建明,吴垠,刘亚杰.不同饲养条件下中国对虾血清蛋白、血脂、血糖含量变化的初步研究[J].水产科学,1994,13(5):9-11.
[225]Perazzolo,L.M.,Gargioni,R.,Ogliari,P.,Barracco,M.A.A.Evaluation of some hemato-immunological parameters in the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis submitted to environmental and physiological stress[J].Aquaculture,2002,214:19-33.
[226]Chen,J.C.,Chen,C.T.,Cheng,S.Y.Nitrogen excretion and changes of hemocyanin,protein and free amino acid levels in the hemolymph of Penaeus monodon exposed to different concentrations of ambient ammonia-N at different salinity levels[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser.1994,110:85-94.
[227]Chen,J.C.,Cheng,S.Y.Hemolymph oxygen content,oxyhemoeyanin,protein levels and ammonia excretion in the shrimp Penaens monodon exposed to ambient nitrite.J Comp Physiol,1995,164B:530-535.
[228]李良.双歧杆菌微囊化的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.
[229]熊强,陆利霞,孙芸,于修鑑,熊晓辉.乳酸杆菌冻干发酵剂[J].食品与生物技术学报,2006,25(2):13-16.
[230]张兆骏,微孔淀粉包埋乳酸菌功能性研究[D].重庆:西南大学.
[231]刘丽,张日俊.微胶囊技术及其在饲料工业中的应用[J].饲料工业,2002,23(10):48-50.
[232]王发祥,王青云,钟青萍,夏立秋.纳豆菌微生态制剂加工中两种干燥方法的比较[J].食品科学,2006,27(11):294-296.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |