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基于产业链整合的节能服务企业发展战略研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速增长,我国能源需求日益增加。根据中国能源研究会2011年2月发布的最新统计数据显示,目前我国已经超越美国,成为全球第一能源消费大国。据统计,2010年,我国能源消费总量占世界总量的20%,其中一次能源消费量为32.5亿吨标准煤,同比增长了6%,但能源利用效率却比国际先进水平低10个百分点,是能源浪费最严重的国家之一。
     为解决日益突出的能源问题,提高能源利用效率,减少能源浪费,近来国家密集出台了一系列支持节能环保的政策性法律法规,大力发展节能服务。作为节能服务的供给方,节能服务企业应运而生,它们主要运用合同能源管理机制为用能企业进行节能改造,提高用能企业的能源利用效率,并逐渐形成了具有新兴产业特点的节能服务产业。
     1998年12月,我国政府与世界银行和全球环境基金合作,决定共同在中国实施“中国节能促进项目”,并成立了三家示范性节能服务公司,引进、示范、推广合同能源管理机制,以推动我国广泛开展社会节能项目。但是,在十几年的发展过程中,相较于国外节能服务企业的成功发展,以及面对我国巨大的节能服务市场空间,我国节能服务企业并未像预期那样取得巨大发展。节能服务企业面临的发展障碍有哪些?如何从发展战略的制定上解决节能服务企业的发展障碍,促进节能服务企业快速发展?回答这些问题具有十分重要的现实意义。
     本文首先分析了我国节能服务企业现有理论研究的不足之处,然后创新性地运用企业发展战略、产品供需以及交易费用等方面的相关理论和知识,充分分析了目前我国节能服务企业的发展现状,得出节能服务企业发展面临的主要障碍是节能服务企业供给能力严重不足,难以满足用能企业巨大的节能需求,导致节能服务出现供需差距,并在此基础上,根据产业链整合理论提出了基于产业链整合的节能服务企业发展战略。另外,本论文通过对一家专业的节能服务公司——天津奥华能源技术咨询服务有限公司(简称奥华能源)进行研究,从产业链整合角度制定该公司的发展战略,以期对其他节能服务企业制定发展战略提供借鉴。
In recent years, driven by the rapid economic growth, energy demand is growing rapidlyin China. According to the latest data counted by China Energy Research Society in February2011, at present, China has become the first big energy consumer in the world. In 2011, theconsumption in primary energy is 32.5 million tons of coal in China, total energyconsumption accounted for 20% of the world’s total, but GDP is less than 10% of the world,and energy using efficiency is ten percentage points lower than the international advancedlevel, China is one of the most serious countries in energy-wasting.
     With Chinese energy problems becoming more and more serioutos, in order to improveenergy efficiency and reduce energy waste, government formulated many policies supportingenergy-saving service to develop, many professional Energy Management Companies (EMCo)constantly set up. These EMCo provide energy-saving service for energy-consumingenterprises using Energy Management Contract (EMC) mode, gradually formingenergy-saving industry with the characteristics of emerging industries.
     December 1998, Chinese government, World Bank and Global Environment Foundation,they cooperated and together decided to carry out“China Energy-Saving Promotion Project”,and set up 3 demonstrating EMCo, in order to introduce, demonstrate and popularize EMCmode, and push China to broadly develop energy-saving project. But during the developmentprocess about ten years, facing the great energy-saving market space in China, EMCo didn’tmake remarkable progress as expected. Which problems hinder the development of EMCo?How to solve these problems hindering the development of EMCo from development strategypoint of view? Answering these questions has great practical significance.
     This paper, firstly, analyzes the shortcoming of theory research about EMCo in China.Then this paper, applying Business Development Strategy theory, Supply and Demand theory,Transaction Costs theory, fully analyzes the development situation about China EMCo, andputs forward that the mainly development problems about China’s EMCo is that theenergy-saving service supplying capacity of EMCo is seriously inadequate, so that there aregap between supply and demand in energy-saving market. On this basis, this paper, based onIndustry Chain Integration theory, puts forward the Development Strategy for EMCo. Inaddition, this paper researches the development strategy of a professional EMCo, its name isTianjin Aohua Energy Technology Consulting Service Co,Ltd., and sets up Aohua Energy’sdevelopment strategy and implementation of measures based on Industry Chain Integrationtheory, in order to provide a reference for other EMCo setting up its development strategy.
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