内蒙古东部大石寨地区晚古生代构造格局及演化
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摘要
在综合分析以往研究成果的基础上,本文对内蒙古东部大石寨地区晚古生代地层、岩浆岩,进行了详细的地层层序与岩石组合、沉积相与沉积环境、构造变形、岩石与元素地球化学和同位素地质年代学研究,取得了如下主要认识和成果：
1、通过对晚古生代地层层序及沉积岩相研究,指出研究区晚古生代盆地充填序列记录了从海相到陆相的演化过程。早二叠世主体为滨浅海一次深海-深海盆地相火山岩一碎屑岩建造,中酸性活动火山强烈；中二叠世,研究区已进入到相对稳定的陆内发展阶段,无火山活动,沉积海盆具继承性残留海盆或残余弧后盆地特征,保存了由海相灰岩、中细粒碎屑岩到海陆交互相细碎屑岩的沉积序列。晚二叠世为陆相湖泊沉积形成的暗色细碎屑和浅色复陆屑砂-砾岩。
2、厘定了大石寨构造混杂岩带的组成并认为其属贺根山蛇绿混杂岩带的东延部分。混杂岩主要由强烈变形的吴家屯组泥质、粉砂质板岩夹杂含铬铁矿的超基性岩(287-300Ma)构成,其上为中二叠世哲斯组灰岩不整合覆盖。超基性岩主要由蛇绿岩下部超镁铁质杂岩组成,属SSZ型蛇绿岩,代表了早二叠世发育短暂的贺根山—大石寨新生洋盆。
3、查明了研究区广泛发育的早二叠世大石寨组火山岩(294±2Ma)岩石组合、岩浆演化序列,并指出其形成于贺根山—大石寨新生洋俯冲相关的岛弧环境而非陆内裂谷或裂陷槽的产物。大石寨组火山岩为安山岩、英安岩、凝灰熔岩及少量玄武岩组合,属富硅富铝低钛的钙碱性火山岩系列,自早而晚、由近俯冲带往古陆出现拉斑系列、钙碱性系列向富钾的钙质系列演化的极性特征,喷发环境则由海相趋向陆相的演变。该组火山岩与研究区呼和马场-哈达-马家窝铺晚石炭—早二叠世弧型岩浆岩(302-296Ma)同为内蒙古中东部岩浆弧的重要组成部分。
4、前人划分的早二叠世吴家屯组、大石寨组和寿山沟组实属同时(290-300Ma)异相的火山-沉积产物,据此建立了研究区的早二叠世弧-盆体系。吴家屯组紧邻大石寨构造混杂岩带,系含洋壳残片的海沟-弧前盆地沉积产物；大石寨组属岛弧火山岩；最南东侧的寿山沟组则形成于弧后盆地。
5、贺根山—大石寨洋盆是一个独立洋盆,与南部西拉木伦河洋之间被锡林浩特古陆分隔,呈现两洋夹一陆的构造古地理格局。而弧火山岩及相关侵入岩以混杂带为中心近于对称分布的特征表明,贺根山-大石寨洋的消减具双向性俯冲特征。
On the basis of geological mapping in Dashizhai area, eastern Inner Mongolia, together with detailed observations on strata sequence and lithology, analysis of sedimentary facies and sedimentary environment, tectonic deformation, geochemical studies and isotopic geochronology, main achievements have been made as follows:
1. Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary facies analysis indicate that the depositional sequences of the study area represent an integral evolution process from marine facies to terrestrial facies. A trench-island arc-back arc basin system is inferred to developed in early Permian, which consititue a complex marginal sea basin on the active continental margin, in which an offshore sub-deep-marine-deep-marine volcanic rocks-clastic rocks construction formed. During Middle Permian the study area evolved into intracontinental residual basin or residual backarc basin, filled with marine limestone, fine-grained clastic rocks to paralic fine clastic sediments. Late Permian sequence is chacterized by dark to light-colored fined grained clastic rocks deposited in terrestrial locastrain environment.
2. Dashizhai tectonic melange belt is suggested to be the east extension of Hegenshan ophiolitic melange belt. Melange mainly composed of the Wujiatun Formation of intensive deformed muddy, silty slate, and the ultramafic rocks (287～300Ma) with chromium iron, unconformly overlied by Middle Permian Zhesi Formation Ultramafic rocks mainly derived from the lower part of SSZ typy ophiolite complex, which is thought to be a relict of a new formed oceanic crust following an early Permian Hegenshan-Dashizhai ocean.
3. The volcanic stata sequences of Early Permian Dashizhai Formation (294±2Ma) reestablished in this paper. Petrologic and geochemical features of the rocks in this Formation suggested that it formed within an island arc associated with the subduction of Hegenshan-Dashizai oceanic crust rather than formed within an intracontinental rift or taphrogenic trough. Dashizhai Formation volcanic rocks consisting of andesite, dacite, tuff lava, and a small amount of basalt, belong to the rich silicon and aluminum poor titanium calc-alkaline volcanic rock series. A polarity from tholeiitic through calc-alkaline series to rich potassium calcium series toward paleocontinent has been identified. Both Dashizhai Formation and the plutonic rocks of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian (302～296Ma) along Huho Racecourse-Hada -Majiawopu are inferred to be an important part of Inner Mongolia magmatic arc.
4. Lines of evidence indicate that so-called Wujiatun Formation, Dashizhai Formation and Shoushangou Formation are synchronologic counterparts deposited in different specific enviroment (290-300Ma). These formations constitue an Early Permian island arc-basin system instead of forming a unified sucssesive strata sequence. Wujiatun Formation formed within trench-forearc basin. Dashizhai Formation consist of island arc volcanic rocks. Shoushangou Formation was formed in the back-arc basin.
5. Hegenshan-Dashizai ocean basin is inferred to be an independent ocean basin, with Xilinhaote Paleocontinent lying between it and southern Xar Moron Ocean. Symetric distribution of subducton relatedisland arc volcanic and intrusive rocks relative to the melange implies that the Hegenshan-Dashizhai oceanic crust experienced double directed subduction.
1、通过对晚古生代地层层序及沉积岩相研究,指出研究区晚古生代盆地充填序列记录了从海相到陆相的演化过程。早二叠世主体为滨浅海一次深海-深海盆地相火山岩一碎屑岩建造,中酸性活动火山强烈；中二叠世,研究区已进入到相对稳定的陆内发展阶段,无火山活动,沉积海盆具继承性残留海盆或残余弧后盆地特征,保存了由海相灰岩、中细粒碎屑岩到海陆交互相细碎屑岩的沉积序列。晚二叠世为陆相湖泊沉积形成的暗色细碎屑和浅色复陆屑砂-砾岩。
2、厘定了大石寨构造混杂岩带的组成并认为其属贺根山蛇绿混杂岩带的东延部分。混杂岩主要由强烈变形的吴家屯组泥质、粉砂质板岩夹杂含铬铁矿的超基性岩(287-300Ma)构成,其上为中二叠世哲斯组灰岩不整合覆盖。超基性岩主要由蛇绿岩下部超镁铁质杂岩组成,属SSZ型蛇绿岩,代表了早二叠世发育短暂的贺根山—大石寨新生洋盆。
3、查明了研究区广泛发育的早二叠世大石寨组火山岩(294±2Ma)岩石组合、岩浆演化序列,并指出其形成于贺根山—大石寨新生洋俯冲相关的岛弧环境而非陆内裂谷或裂陷槽的产物。大石寨组火山岩为安山岩、英安岩、凝灰熔岩及少量玄武岩组合,属富硅富铝低钛的钙碱性火山岩系列,自早而晚、由近俯冲带往古陆出现拉斑系列、钙碱性系列向富钾的钙质系列演化的极性特征,喷发环境则由海相趋向陆相的演变。该组火山岩与研究区呼和马场-哈达-马家窝铺晚石炭—早二叠世弧型岩浆岩(302-296Ma)同为内蒙古中东部岩浆弧的重要组成部分。
4、前人划分的早二叠世吴家屯组、大石寨组和寿山沟组实属同时(290-300Ma)异相的火山-沉积产物,据此建立了研究区的早二叠世弧-盆体系。吴家屯组紧邻大石寨构造混杂岩带,系含洋壳残片的海沟-弧前盆地沉积产物；大石寨组属岛弧火山岩；最南东侧的寿山沟组则形成于弧后盆地。
5、贺根山—大石寨洋盆是一个独立洋盆,与南部西拉木伦河洋之间被锡林浩特古陆分隔,呈现两洋夹一陆的构造古地理格局。而弧火山岩及相关侵入岩以混杂带为中心近于对称分布的特征表明,贺根山-大石寨洋的消减具双向性俯冲特征。
On the basis of geological mapping in Dashizhai area, eastern Inner Mongolia, together with detailed observations on strata sequence and lithology, analysis of sedimentary facies and sedimentary environment, tectonic deformation, geochemical studies and isotopic geochronology, main achievements have been made as follows:
1. Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary facies analysis indicate that the depositional sequences of the study area represent an integral evolution process from marine facies to terrestrial facies. A trench-island arc-back arc basin system is inferred to developed in early Permian, which consititue a complex marginal sea basin on the active continental margin, in which an offshore sub-deep-marine-deep-marine volcanic rocks-clastic rocks construction formed. During Middle Permian the study area evolved into intracontinental residual basin or residual backarc basin, filled with marine limestone, fine-grained clastic rocks to paralic fine clastic sediments. Late Permian sequence is chacterized by dark to light-colored fined grained clastic rocks deposited in terrestrial locastrain environment.
2. Dashizhai tectonic melange belt is suggested to be the east extension of Hegenshan ophiolitic melange belt. Melange mainly composed of the Wujiatun Formation of intensive deformed muddy, silty slate, and the ultramafic rocks (287～300Ma) with chromium iron, unconformly overlied by Middle Permian Zhesi Formation Ultramafic rocks mainly derived from the lower part of SSZ typy ophiolite complex, which is thought to be a relict of a new formed oceanic crust following an early Permian Hegenshan-Dashizhai ocean.
3. The volcanic stata sequences of Early Permian Dashizhai Formation (294±2Ma) reestablished in this paper. Petrologic and geochemical features of the rocks in this Formation suggested that it formed within an island arc associated with the subduction of Hegenshan-Dashizai oceanic crust rather than formed within an intracontinental rift or taphrogenic trough. Dashizhai Formation volcanic rocks consisting of andesite, dacite, tuff lava, and a small amount of basalt, belong to the rich silicon and aluminum poor titanium calc-alkaline volcanic rock series. A polarity from tholeiitic through calc-alkaline series to rich potassium calcium series toward paleocontinent has been identified. Both Dashizhai Formation and the plutonic rocks of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian (302～296Ma) along Huho Racecourse-Hada -Majiawopu are inferred to be an important part of Inner Mongolia magmatic arc.
4. Lines of evidence indicate that so-called Wujiatun Formation, Dashizhai Formation and Shoushangou Formation are synchronologic counterparts deposited in different specific enviroment (290-300Ma). These formations constitue an Early Permian island arc-basin system instead of forming a unified sucssesive strata sequence. Wujiatun Formation formed within trench-forearc basin. Dashizhai Formation consist of island arc volcanic rocks. Shoushangou Formation was formed in the back-arc basin.
5. Hegenshan-Dashizai ocean basin is inferred to be an independent ocean basin, with Xilinhaote Paleocontinent lying between it and southern Xar Moron Ocean. Symetric distribution of subducton relatedisland arc volcanic and intrusive rocks relative to the melange implies that the Hegenshan-Dashizhai oceanic crust experienced double directed subduction.
引文
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