中美高校篮球文化比较研究
摘要
本文通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查等方法,以中美高校篮球文化的比较和中国高校的篮球文化建设为研究主题,通过归纳中美两国民族文化的主要特征,分析中美两国篮球文化的差距和特点。探讨中国高校篮球文化的主要特征及其影响要素,寻求中国高校篮球文化的发展对策,为促进我国高校篮球运动水平的提高及今后的持续健康发展,实现由运动层面向文化层面的跃升提供参考,为进一步推进高校校园文化建设提供发展对策。本文认为:
1.“集体主义”是中国文化的核心,“个人主义”是美国文化的核心。两国文化是由这两个文化核心生成的两种文化系统,两种文化各有强弱,虽表现迥然不同但具有较强的互补性。
2.两国篮球文化的发展始终受两国传统文化的影响,特点迥异。激烈的身体对抗、高超的创造力、富有激情的个人表现是美国篮球文化的特点,而中国篮球文化重视集体主义精神,讲究团结协作。
3.两国高校篮球文化在管理体制、人才培养体系、运动员队伍、教练员队伍等方面存在差异。美国篮球文化有很大的借鉴价值。
4.高校篮球文化,是高校校园文化的一个重要载体。其中教育功能是其最原始也是最主要的方面。两国高校不同的篮球文化特性对两国高校校园文化存在深刻地影响。美国高校篮球文化更多的带有本土文化的烙印,中国高校篮球文化对校园文化的影响也及其深刻。两国高校篮球文化对其校园文化都有负面影响。
5.我们应依据我国现实情况和篮球运动特点、规律,吸收和借鉴美国文化的精髓,改善中国高校篮球中缺乏个人战斗力,也缺乏技术创新能力的现象,培养运动员的独立个性。同时应保持自己的独立性,发扬中国传统文化的优点,形成一种全新的中国式高校篮球新文化,营造积极、健康、团结、活力的新型校园文化,推动我国高校发展。
6.鉴于高校篮球文化在高校校园建设中的重要作用,建议教育主管部门制定类似《高校篮球文化建设实施办法》的规章制度,从制度上确定高校篮球文化的地位和作用,引导各高校的篮球文化建设,巩固已有的成绩,继续加强篮球文化阵地,为我国高校校园文化的健康、有序发展提供支持和保障。
Through literature, expert interviews, questionnaire survey, etc, taking to be the research topic Sino-US College Basketball Cultural comparison and the Chinese college basketball culture construction, summing up the main features of the Chinese and American national cultures, analyzing the basketball cultural gap and characteristics of China and US, investigating the main characteristics and their impact factors on China's college basketball culture, searching for development countermeasures for China's College Basketball culture. To promote China's college basketball and raise the level of future sustained and healthy development, and to achieve the level jump from the sport dimension to the cultural dimension, this article provides references to further promote the college campus culture. This article argues:
1. "Collectivism" is the core of Chinese culture; "individualism" is the core of American culture. The two cultural systems, both with strength and weakness, are originated from the two cultural cores, and although their performances are very different but they are highly complementary.
2. The traditional cultures of the two countries have constant impacts on their basketball cultural development, with different characteristics. Intense physical confrontation, great creative ability and enthusiastic individual performance are the characteristics of the American basketball culture, while Chinese basketball culture attaches importance to collective spirit, stressing unity and cooperation.
3. The two college basketball cultures differ in the management system, talent training system, athlete's contingent, coach's teams, etc. The American basketball culture has great reference value.
4. College basketball culture is an important carrier of a college campus culture. Education is one of its most original and most important aspects. Different college basketball cultural identities in the two countries have a profound impact on their college campus cultures. U.S. college basketball culture features more native culture, and Chinese university basketball culture has profound impact on campus culture. College basketball cultures of the two countries have negative impacts on their campus cultures.
5. We should absorb and draw upon the essence of American culture based on China's realities and characteristics and laws of basketball. Personal combat effectiveness and technological innovation capability are deficient in Chinese university basketball playing. We should culture independent personality in athletes. At the same time the athletes should maintain their own independence and carry forward traditional Chinese culture to form a brand-new Chinese-style college basketball culture, and create a positive, healthy, united, dynamic new campus culture, and to promote the development of China's colleges.
6. In view of the important role of college basketball culture in building university campus culture, it's suggested that proposed education authorities develop rules and regulations similar to College Basketball Culture Construction Methods and establish systematically the status and role of college basketball culture, thus guiding college basketball cultural construction, and consolidating the achievements to continue strengthening the basketball cultural front to provide support and protection for the healthy and orderly development of our university campus culture.
1.“集体主义”是中国文化的核心,“个人主义”是美国文化的核心。两国文化是由这两个文化核心生成的两种文化系统,两种文化各有强弱,虽表现迥然不同但具有较强的互补性。
2.两国篮球文化的发展始终受两国传统文化的影响,特点迥异。激烈的身体对抗、高超的创造力、富有激情的个人表现是美国篮球文化的特点,而中国篮球文化重视集体主义精神,讲究团结协作。
3.两国高校篮球文化在管理体制、人才培养体系、运动员队伍、教练员队伍等方面存在差异。美国篮球文化有很大的借鉴价值。
4.高校篮球文化,是高校校园文化的一个重要载体。其中教育功能是其最原始也是最主要的方面。两国高校不同的篮球文化特性对两国高校校园文化存在深刻地影响。美国高校篮球文化更多的带有本土文化的烙印,中国高校篮球文化对校园文化的影响也及其深刻。两国高校篮球文化对其校园文化都有负面影响。
5.我们应依据我国现实情况和篮球运动特点、规律,吸收和借鉴美国文化的精髓,改善中国高校篮球中缺乏个人战斗力,也缺乏技术创新能力的现象,培养运动员的独立个性。同时应保持自己的独立性,发扬中国传统文化的优点,形成一种全新的中国式高校篮球新文化,营造积极、健康、团结、活力的新型校园文化,推动我国高校发展。
6.鉴于高校篮球文化在高校校园建设中的重要作用,建议教育主管部门制定类似《高校篮球文化建设实施办法》的规章制度,从制度上确定高校篮球文化的地位和作用,引导各高校的篮球文化建设,巩固已有的成绩,继续加强篮球文化阵地,为我国高校校园文化的健康、有序发展提供支持和保障。
Through literature, expert interviews, questionnaire survey, etc, taking to be the research topic Sino-US College Basketball Cultural comparison and the Chinese college basketball culture construction, summing up the main features of the Chinese and American national cultures, analyzing the basketball cultural gap and characteristics of China and US, investigating the main characteristics and their impact factors on China's college basketball culture, searching for development countermeasures for China's College Basketball culture. To promote China's college basketball and raise the level of future sustained and healthy development, and to achieve the level jump from the sport dimension to the cultural dimension, this article provides references to further promote the college campus culture. This article argues:
1. "Collectivism" is the core of Chinese culture; "individualism" is the core of American culture. The two cultural systems, both with strength and weakness, are originated from the two cultural cores, and although their performances are very different but they are highly complementary.
2. The traditional cultures of the two countries have constant impacts on their basketball cultural development, with different characteristics. Intense physical confrontation, great creative ability and enthusiastic individual performance are the characteristics of the American basketball culture, while Chinese basketball culture attaches importance to collective spirit, stressing unity and cooperation.
3. The two college basketball cultures differ in the management system, talent training system, athlete's contingent, coach's teams, etc. The American basketball culture has great reference value.
4. College basketball culture is an important carrier of a college campus culture. Education is one of its most original and most important aspects. Different college basketball cultural identities in the two countries have a profound impact on their college campus cultures. U.S. college basketball culture features more native culture, and Chinese university basketball culture has profound impact on campus culture. College basketball cultures of the two countries have negative impacts on their campus cultures.
5. We should absorb and draw upon the essence of American culture based on China's realities and characteristics and laws of basketball. Personal combat effectiveness and technological innovation capability are deficient in Chinese university basketball playing. We should culture independent personality in athletes. At the same time the athletes should maintain their own independence and carry forward traditional Chinese culture to form a brand-new Chinese-style college basketball culture, and create a positive, healthy, united, dynamic new campus culture, and to promote the development of China's colleges.
6. In view of the important role of college basketball culture in building university campus culture, it's suggested that proposed education authorities develop rules and regulations similar to College Basketball Culture Construction Methods and establish systematically the status and role of college basketball culture, thus guiding college basketball cultural construction, and consolidating the achievements to continue strengthening the basketball cultural front to provide support and protection for the healthy and orderly development of our university campus culture.
引文
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[2]梁漱溟.中国文化要义.[M]上海出版社,1987
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[6]朱庆.CUBA大学生篮球联赛与校园体育文化建设.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2005.10
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[8]褚祥,胡启良.CUBA的特色与发展方略.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2004.6
[9]张同怀.论现代篮球运动的社会文化意义.[J]河南教育学院学报.2001.12
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[22]刘石.传媒视野下篮球运动文化特征及其教育功能研究.[J]广州体育学报.2006.3
[23]李可可,岳建军等.中美大学生篮球联赛文化比较.[J]体育文化导刊.2006.5
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[38]曹桂祥.篮球运动的经济文化价值浅析.[J]体育科学研究.2001.6
[39]童辉波.发展校园文化构建和谐校园.[J]湖北教育.2006.4
[40]王新华,张锡庆.篮球运动社会文化意义的探析.[J]广州体育学院学报.1999.3
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[42]闫玉.高校校园文化建设对策思考.[J]广西民族学院学报.2006.7
[43]丁加增,孙阳.关于高校校园文化建设问题的思考.[J]东北电力大学学报.2006.6
[44]徐跃杰.现代中国篮球运动的社会现象分析.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2004.7
[45]孙民治,杨伯镛.关于我国篮球文化的一些思考.[J]上海体育学院学报.2006.3
[46]颜成春,蔡向阳等.关于校园篮球文化教育的研究.[J]体育科学研究.2006.6
[47]刘玉华.中美篮球文化的差异与中国篮球的发展.[J]体育文化导刊.2004.8
[48]赵军,王小美.中西方体育文化与中美篮球文化比较.[J]体育文化导刊.2002.6
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[51]Diversity Programs National Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA)Home page:http://www.ncaa.org
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[62]张德、吴剑平:《校园文化与人才培养》[M]清华大学出版社2001.3
[2]梁漱溟.中国文化要义.[M]上海出版社,1987
[3]刘刚.NCAA篮球联赛与CUBA在文化层面中的比较和研究.[D]武汉:华中师范大学,2005
[4]许永刚,戴永冠.CBA与NBA文化层面的比较分析.[J]武汉体育学院学报.2005.1
[5]吴建逊.CBA与NBA文化差异的比较研究.[J]韶关学院学报.2002.9
[6]朱庆.CUBA大学生篮球联赛与校园体育文化建设.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2005.10
[7]曲小锋.CUBA带来的校园体育文化思考.[J]西安体育学院学报.2003.4
[8]褚祥,胡启良.CUBA的特色与发展方略.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2004.6
[9]张同怀.论现代篮球运动的社会文化意义.[J]河南教育学院学报.2001.12
[10]谭朕斌,何禄兰.浅论篮球运动的文化特征.[J]北京体育师范学报.1999.3
[11]李杉,罗立.浅谈CUBA与校园体育文化.[J]四川体育科学.2004.12
[12]赵铮,于可红.浅谈CUBA与校园文化.[J]浙江体育科学.2005.10
[13]李小英.浅析我国校园篮球文化的繁盛与CUBA.[J]体育文化导刊.2006.5
[14]李颖川,李海滨.浅析中国篮球运动的文化背景.[J]首都体育学院学报.2004.3
[15]白莉,杨海涛.CUBA文化的内涵与构成研究.[J]体育文化导刊.2006.7
[16]刘艳.CUBA文化探析.[J]搏击武术科学.2005.12
[17]马策,齐春燕.CUBA校园文化意义初探.[J]沈阳体育学院学报.2002.(4)
[18]王广明.CUBA与大学校园文化建设.[J]文教资料.2006.1
[19]潘卫红.CUBA与校园体育文化建设的思考.[J]百家论坛.
[20]潘霞.首届中国“篮球文化论坛”综述.[J]体育文化导刊.2006.2
[21]韩素梅,郭海玲.传播校园新篮球文化探讨.[J]郑州航空工业管理学院学报.2006.8
[22]刘石.传媒视野下篮球运动文化特征及其教育功能研究.[J]广州体育学报.2006.3
[23]李可可,岳建军等.中美大学生篮球联赛文化比较.[J]体育文化导刊.2006.5
[24]张东秀.从CUBA看大学校园文化.[J]黔南民族师范学院学报.2004.(3)
[25]何庆.从NCAA及CUBA浅谈高校体育教育的社会文化内涵.[J]黄山高等专科学校学报.2001.5
[26]严精华,潘宁等.中美篮球文化比较.[J]体育文化导刊.2004.10
[27]吴恒星,申怀松.从新篮球观探讨高校篮球文化建设.[J]广州体育学院.2005.9
[28]任晋军,郭兆霞.大学生篮球联赛与大学校园文化建设.[J]体育文化导刊.2004.2
[29]孙鸿,胡学明.中美篮球文化的差异.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2006.8
[36]冯洪,郭苏芝.对校园篮球文化的理性思考.辽宁体育科技.2006.2
[37]王保安,郭秀梅.对新时期校园文化建设的思考.[J]教育研究.2005.12
[38]曹桂祥.篮球运动的经济文化价值浅析.[J]体育科学研究.2001.6
[39]童辉波.发展校园文化构建和谐校园.[J]湖北教育.2006.4
[40]王新华,张锡庆.篮球运动社会文化意义的探析.[J]广州体育学院学报.1999.3
[41]孙建民 高校校园文化建设初探.[J]福建信息技术教育.2006.7
[42]闫玉.高校校园文化建设对策思考.[J]广西民族学院学报.2006.7
[43]丁加增,孙阳.关于高校校园文化建设问题的思考.[J]东北电力大学学报.2006.6
[44]徐跃杰.现代中国篮球运动的社会现象分析.[J]体育成人教育学刊.2004.7
[45]孙民治,杨伯镛.关于我国篮球文化的一些思考.[J]上海体育学院学报.2006.3
[46]颜成春,蔡向阳等.关于校园篮球文化教育的研究.[J]体育科学研究.2006.6
[47]刘玉华.中美篮球文化的差异与中国篮球的发展.[J]体育文化导刊.2004.8
[48]赵军,王小美.中西方体育文化与中美篮球文化比较.[J]体育文化导刊.2002.6
[49]http://www.cuba.com.cn
[50]NCAA Championships Administration National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)Home page:http://www.ncaa.org
[51]Diversity Programs National Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA)Home page:http://www.ncaa.org
[52]金赛英.论篮球运动的文化内涵.[J]北京体育大学学报.2004.3
[55]National Collegiate Athletic Association 1992 National Collegiate Championships,men' s and women' s cross country handbook.Kansas:Overland Park,1992.5
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