光波导光学相控阵技术的理论和实验研究
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摘要
论文研究了一种新型的光波导光学相控阵,这种光学相控阵相对目前研究的光学相控阵有很多优点,可提供高分辨率、自由寻址、无惯性的激光扫描,特别是其扫描范围大、扫描速度快、驱动电压低、体积小、加工技术较成熟,可望解决激光扫描成像技术的瓶颈,代表了光学相控阵的一个新的发展方向,在激光扫描成像、激光雷达、激光显示、光开关、激光打印等军、民用领域都将有广阔的应用前景。
详细讨论了光波导光学相控阵的理论,通过光栅衍射理论导出了一维和二维规则光波导光学相控阵的辐射光强分布函数,讨论了通过相控单元间距的不规则设置来压缩栅瓣的原理和方法。根据物理光学理论,讨论了光波导阵列的电光效应,研究了电控光束扫描理论;深入研究了光波导光学相控阵的馈电原理,一般馈电方案和2π馈电方案,指出2π馈电方案有明显的优越性。
深入研究了光波导和光波导阵列的传输特性,重点讨论了光波导阵列的耦合特性。首次利用拉普拉斯变换方法求解了光波导阵列的耦合模方程,研究了仅考虑相邻波导耦合和同时考虑相邻波导耦合和次相邻波导耦合的波导阵列耦合特性。通过解析方法得到了非平行直波导和弯曲波导耦合模方程的去耦方程,并利用数值计算的方法研究了非平行直波导和弯曲波导的耦合特性。导出了相应于不等芯层折射率耦合模方程的解析解,深入讨论了不等芯层折射率光波导阵列的耦合特性。
首次利用有限差分光束传输法(FD-BPM)系统研究了光波导耦合对光波导光学相控阵传输特性、辐射特性和扫描特性的影响,指出光波导耦合对光波导光学相控阵特性的影响非常大,需要重点考虑。由于有限差分光束传输法不仅考虑了波导(强度)耦合的影响,而且考虑了相位的影响,所以得到的结果比通常采用的光栅衍射理论更好地反映光波导光学相控阵的特性,其对于合理设计波导阵列结构,提高扫描特性具有非常重要的参考价值。
根据光束扫描应用的实际需求,研究了光波导阵列结构的设计原则,定量分析了光波导包层尺寸的优化设计,提出了通过优化光波导阵列结构实现光波导光学相控阵扫描光束的边瓣压缩的技术方案,并申请一项发明专利。
基于馈电理论和2π馈电方案,设计研制了基于单片机和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制系统的两种光波导光学相控阵实验驱动电源。这两种控制电源都采用2π馈电方案,都可完成10通道、±10V范围的可调电压输出,可实现手动和自动两种方式扫描。其中,基于单片机控制电源的信号变换频率最高为800Hz,基于FPGA控制电源的信号变换频率最高为10MHz。
研制了十波导的光波导阵列,建立了光波导光学相控阵的实验系统,进行了光波导阵列和光波导光学相控阵的实验研究,实现了一维可控光束扫描。获得的光束扫描最大偏转角为13.6°,扫描速度为800Hz,所需的最高驱动电压为8.7V,证实了光波导光学相控阵的原理及可行性。进一步,理论分析了光波导光学相控阵衍射光束现象,并据此对器件研制工艺提出了进一步研究的方向。
A novel type of waveguide optical phased array(WOPA)is studied.It has many advantages and can provide an elegant means for the intertialess,high-resolution random-access beam scanning.In particular,this optical phased array(OPA),which has characteristics of large scanning area,rapid scanning speed,low drive voltage,small bulk and skillful processing technology,is likely to conquer the bottleneck of laser scanning imaging.It provides a new developing direction and has great application prospect both in military and civilian domain such as laser scanning imaging,laser radar, laser display,optical switch,laser printing and so on.
Theory on waveguide optical phased array is discussed in detail.Intensity distribution of radiation beam is studied for both 1-D and 2-D OPA by grating diffraction theory. The principle and method of suppression of sidelobes are discussed by abnormity setting of different phased parts.Electro-optic effect of optical waveguide array(OWA) is discussed and electro-optic scanning theory is investigated.Both the general electrocontrol scheme and the 2πelectro-control scheme of WOPA are discussed and the results show that the 2πelectro-control scheme is much better than the general scheme. Propagating characteristics of both a single optical waveguide and OWA are discussed and coupling characteristics of OWA are studied in detail.The coupling equation group, which describes coupling characteristics of OWA,is solved by Laplace transform for the first time and then coupling characteristics of OWA are studied under two conditions that considering coupling between adjacent waveguides and considering coupling among both adjacent waveguides and hypo-adjacent waveguides.Coupled-mode theories on both non-parallel waveguides and curve waveguides are studied and then coupling characteristics are discussed by numerical calculation.Coupled-mode equations for waveguides with different core refractive index are solved and coupling characteristics are studied afterwards.
Effects of waveguide coupling on propagating characteristics,radiating characteristics and scanning characteristics of WOPA are studied by use of the finite-difference beam-propagation method(FD-BPM)comprehensively for the first time.The results show that waveguide coupling has great effect on characteristics of WOPA and should be emphasized in application.FD-BPM,with considering effects of both waveguide intensity coupling and phase on propagating characteristics,is much better for describing characteristcis of WOPA than the grating diffraction theory,so the results obtained are meaningful for both designing structure of OWA reasonably and improving scanning characteristics effectively.
According to the demand of beam scanning application,design principle of the structure of OWA is studied,optimizating design of waveguide cladding thickness is discussed,suppression of sidelobes is studied by the method of designing structure of OWA and then a patent of invention is applied.
According to the electro-control theory and the 2πelectro-control scheme,two kinds of driving source,based on singlechip and Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA),are developed.Both the two driving sources can export 10 routeways voltage with range of±10V and can realize both manual and auto scanning.Voltage variety frequency for the driving source based on singlechip is 800Hz and for that based on FPGA is 10MHz.
OWA with 10 waveguides is developed,and experimental system for WOPA is set up. Experiments on both OWA and WOPA are studied and beam scannning at 1-D is realized.The max beam deflecting angle is 13.6°,scanning frequency is 800Hz and the max driving voltage needed is 8.7V.The results confirm principle and feasibility of WOPA.Furthermore,diffraction phenomenons in experiment are discussed in theory and based on the results obtained,farther research direction is put forward.
详细讨论了光波导光学相控阵的理论,通过光栅衍射理论导出了一维和二维规则光波导光学相控阵的辐射光强分布函数,讨论了通过相控单元间距的不规则设置来压缩栅瓣的原理和方法。根据物理光学理论,讨论了光波导阵列的电光效应,研究了电控光束扫描理论;深入研究了光波导光学相控阵的馈电原理,一般馈电方案和2π馈电方案,指出2π馈电方案有明显的优越性。
深入研究了光波导和光波导阵列的传输特性,重点讨论了光波导阵列的耦合特性。首次利用拉普拉斯变换方法求解了光波导阵列的耦合模方程,研究了仅考虑相邻波导耦合和同时考虑相邻波导耦合和次相邻波导耦合的波导阵列耦合特性。通过解析方法得到了非平行直波导和弯曲波导耦合模方程的去耦方程,并利用数值计算的方法研究了非平行直波导和弯曲波导的耦合特性。导出了相应于不等芯层折射率耦合模方程的解析解,深入讨论了不等芯层折射率光波导阵列的耦合特性。
首次利用有限差分光束传输法(FD-BPM)系统研究了光波导耦合对光波导光学相控阵传输特性、辐射特性和扫描特性的影响,指出光波导耦合对光波导光学相控阵特性的影响非常大,需要重点考虑。由于有限差分光束传输法不仅考虑了波导(强度)耦合的影响,而且考虑了相位的影响,所以得到的结果比通常采用的光栅衍射理论更好地反映光波导光学相控阵的特性,其对于合理设计波导阵列结构,提高扫描特性具有非常重要的参考价值。
根据光束扫描应用的实际需求,研究了光波导阵列结构的设计原则,定量分析了光波导包层尺寸的优化设计,提出了通过优化光波导阵列结构实现光波导光学相控阵扫描光束的边瓣压缩的技术方案,并申请一项发明专利。
基于馈电理论和2π馈电方案,设计研制了基于单片机和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制系统的两种光波导光学相控阵实验驱动电源。这两种控制电源都采用2π馈电方案,都可完成10通道、±10V范围的可调电压输出,可实现手动和自动两种方式扫描。其中,基于单片机控制电源的信号变换频率最高为800Hz,基于FPGA控制电源的信号变换频率最高为10MHz。
研制了十波导的光波导阵列,建立了光波导光学相控阵的实验系统,进行了光波导阵列和光波导光学相控阵的实验研究,实现了一维可控光束扫描。获得的光束扫描最大偏转角为13.6°,扫描速度为800Hz,所需的最高驱动电压为8.7V,证实了光波导光学相控阵的原理及可行性。进一步,理论分析了光波导光学相控阵衍射光束现象,并据此对器件研制工艺提出了进一步研究的方向。
A novel type of waveguide optical phased array(WOPA)is studied.It has many advantages and can provide an elegant means for the intertialess,high-resolution random-access beam scanning.In particular,this optical phased array(OPA),which has characteristics of large scanning area,rapid scanning speed,low drive voltage,small bulk and skillful processing technology,is likely to conquer the bottleneck of laser scanning imaging.It provides a new developing direction and has great application prospect both in military and civilian domain such as laser scanning imaging,laser radar, laser display,optical switch,laser printing and so on.
Theory on waveguide optical phased array is discussed in detail.Intensity distribution of radiation beam is studied for both 1-D and 2-D OPA by grating diffraction theory. The principle and method of suppression of sidelobes are discussed by abnormity setting of different phased parts.Electro-optic effect of optical waveguide array(OWA) is discussed and electro-optic scanning theory is investigated.Both the general electrocontrol scheme and the 2πelectro-control scheme of WOPA are discussed and the results show that the 2πelectro-control scheme is much better than the general scheme. Propagating characteristics of both a single optical waveguide and OWA are discussed and coupling characteristics of OWA are studied in detail.The coupling equation group, which describes coupling characteristics of OWA,is solved by Laplace transform for the first time and then coupling characteristics of OWA are studied under two conditions that considering coupling between adjacent waveguides and considering coupling among both adjacent waveguides and hypo-adjacent waveguides.Coupled-mode theories on both non-parallel waveguides and curve waveguides are studied and then coupling characteristics are discussed by numerical calculation.Coupled-mode equations for waveguides with different core refractive index are solved and coupling characteristics are studied afterwards.
Effects of waveguide coupling on propagating characteristics,radiating characteristics and scanning characteristics of WOPA are studied by use of the finite-difference beam-propagation method(FD-BPM)comprehensively for the first time.The results show that waveguide coupling has great effect on characteristics of WOPA and should be emphasized in application.FD-BPM,with considering effects of both waveguide intensity coupling and phase on propagating characteristics,is much better for describing characteristcis of WOPA than the grating diffraction theory,so the results obtained are meaningful for both designing structure of OWA reasonably and improving scanning characteristics effectively.
According to the demand of beam scanning application,design principle of the structure of OWA is studied,optimizating design of waveguide cladding thickness is discussed,suppression of sidelobes is studied by the method of designing structure of OWA and then a patent of invention is applied.
According to the electro-control theory and the 2πelectro-control scheme,two kinds of driving source,based on singlechip and Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA),are developed.Both the two driving sources can export 10 routeways voltage with range of±10V and can realize both manual and auto scanning.Voltage variety frequency for the driving source based on singlechip is 800Hz and for that based on FPGA is 10MHz.
OWA with 10 waveguides is developed,and experimental system for WOPA is set up. Experiments on both OWA and WOPA are studied and beam scannning at 1-D is realized.The max beam deflecting angle is 13.6°,scanning frequency is 800Hz and the max driving voltage needed is 8.7V.The results confirm principle and feasibility of WOPA.Furthermore,diffraction phenomenons in experiment are discussed in theory and based on the results obtained,farther research direction is put forward.
引文
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