我国不同年代玉米单交种杂种优势比较及茎秆穿刺遗传研究
|
摘要
玉米是禾本科玉蜀黍族玉蜀黍属一年生草本粮食作物,是世界上种植最广泛的作物之一,我国玉米种植面积仅次于美国。研究我国玉米单交种的发展变化规律,对指导玉米育种的发展十分必要。本文研究了我国不同时期玉米单交种产量和杂种优势变化趋势、杂种优势与产量变化的关系、主要农艺性状、穗部性状变化规律及与产量的相关性、茎秆拉力和耐穿刺力与倒伏性的关系、茎秆耐穿刺力的遗传研究。得出以下结果:
1、试验以我国不同时期具有代表性的20个玉米单交种及其32份亲本自交系为材料,采用3点3种密度3次重复的裂区试验设计,分析我国玉米发展变化规律。结果表明:品种产量和中亲产量随品种更新逐渐提高;早期品种高密条件下产量下降,当前品种随密度增加产量逐渐提高;低密条件下不同时期品种杂种优势逐渐增加,高密条件下杂种优势逐渐降低,中密和均值条件下杂种优势没有变化;随年代变化,雄穗分枝和穗上叶与主茎夹角逐渐减少,行数、子粒长和百粒重逐渐增加,行粒数、出籽率和容重没有变化;产量的增加与杂种优势无显著相关性,与穗行数、穗粗、子粒长、百粒重和中亲产量呈极显著正相关,与雄穗分枝数和穗上叶与主茎夹角呈极显著负相关。杂种优势效应对产量提高的贡献不大,亲本产量的提高、种植密度的增加、株型的改善、雄穗分枝的减少及果穗性状的优化是当前我国玉米产量提高的主要原因。
2、利用自行设计的茎秆穿刺仪和拉力仪,在玉米不同生育时期对41个不同玉米杂交种进行茎秆穿刺和拉力试验,研究茎秆穿刺力和拉力与倒伏性的关系。结果表明:地上部第3茎节穿刺力能较好反映出穿刺与倒伏的关系;主茎与地面呈45°夹角的拉力能较好反映出拉力与倒伏的关系;茎秆穿刺力和拉力与倒伏性呈极显著负相关;密度、茎秆穿刺力和茎粗是影响茎秆倒伏的主要直接因素,茎秆穿刺和拉力可以作为衡量玉米倒伏的指标。
3、试验以沈单16和郑单958玉米单交种构成的六世代群体为材料,以玉米茎秆穿刺阻力为性状,通过P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1和BC2六个世代联合分析法,研究控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺性的基因遗传分离规律。结果表明:该性状在两个单交种的F2分离世代群体均呈双峰分布,BC1和BC2群体分离世代呈多峰分布,说明玉米茎秆耐穿刺性遗传为多基因数量性状控制,且符合一对加-显主基因+加-显-上位性多基因遗传模型(即D模型);主基因遗传力为34.5%～45.7%,多基因遗传力41.6%～56.3%,两者在控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺遗传特性上都具重要作用。这一研究结果为玉米抗倒伏性状的有效选择提供方法和理论依据。
Maize(Zea mays L.)is an annual herbaceous grain crop in Gramimeae, Maudeae. It is one of the most important crops widely planted in the world. China has the second largest area planted to maize, only next to America. It is necessary for maize breeding to research the change trend of different period maize hybrids. It was researched for⑴changing trend of maize yield,⑵the relationship of heterosis change and yield,⑶correlation of parents yield and hybrid yield,⑷agricultural and ear characters affecting to yield,⑸genetic study of stem puncture resistence. The main results were as fallows:
1. Twenty maize hybrids and their parents in different period utilized widely in China were chose as the materials. By split plot design over 3 sites, the results indicated that yield of hybrids and mid-parents increased gradually with the new varieties releast; yield of the earlier varieties showed decreasing for high plant density, while yield and plant density increased gradually for current varieties; the heterosis of hybrids presented the trend of“down”for high and“up”for low plant density, respectively, it didn’t change for middle and average density; Investigation evaluated changes for plant traits showed that tassel branch numbers and leaf angle uppermost ear reduced gradually; rows per ear, ear diameter, kernel length, and 100-kernel weight increased gradually, but not changed in kernels per row, shelling percentage and unit weight; the relationship was not significant between yield and heterosis; rows per ear, ear diameter, kernel length, 100-kernel weight and yield of mid-parents were significant positive relationship with yield at 0.01 level; tassel branch numbers and leaf angle uppermost ear were negative significant relationship with yield at 0.01 level. The conclusion indicated that there was conflicting evidence to support the heterosis was the principal contribution to yield increase, the contribution of maize yield increase owed to the increase of mid-parents yield and plant density, optimization of plant type and ear traits, and decrease of tassel branch numbers.
2. The research was made on correlation between corn lodging resistance and its stem puncture resistence-pull strength in the different growth period by the utilization of the puncture-pull equipment designed by ourselves with forty-one corn varieties. The result indicated that the puncture resistent strength of the varieties stem third-node over ground were significant negative relationship with its lodging resistance; also, the pull strength of varieties stem were significant negative relationship with its lodging resistance when the angle between the variety stem and level ground hold 45°; the variety planting density, stem puncture resistence, and stem diameter were the principal direct factors for variety lodging resistance. In hence, the strength of variety stem puncture resistence and pull were acted as the index for variety lodging resistance.
3. Shendan 16 and Zhengdan 958’six generations, namely F1, F2, backcrosses BC1 and BC2 and their parents′P1 and P2 were used to study the inheritance of maize stem lodging with joint analysis of multiple generations. The results were the followings: the F2 population of two hybrids appeared two peaks distribution, the BC1 and BC2 populations of two hybrids appeared multi-peaks distribution, these results indicated that maize stem puncture trait was quantitative in nature and controlled by polygene; The inheritance of maize stem puncture trait fitted D model which was a pair of additive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene; The major gene heritability was 34.5% to 45.7%; The polygene heritability was 41.6% to 56.3%, their effects were important on maize stem inheritance and should be value on maize breeding.
1、试验以我国不同时期具有代表性的20个玉米单交种及其32份亲本自交系为材料,采用3点3种密度3次重复的裂区试验设计,分析我国玉米发展变化规律。结果表明:品种产量和中亲产量随品种更新逐渐提高;早期品种高密条件下产量下降,当前品种随密度增加产量逐渐提高;低密条件下不同时期品种杂种优势逐渐增加,高密条件下杂种优势逐渐降低,中密和均值条件下杂种优势没有变化;随年代变化,雄穗分枝和穗上叶与主茎夹角逐渐减少,行数、子粒长和百粒重逐渐增加,行粒数、出籽率和容重没有变化;产量的增加与杂种优势无显著相关性,与穗行数、穗粗、子粒长、百粒重和中亲产量呈极显著正相关,与雄穗分枝数和穗上叶与主茎夹角呈极显著负相关。杂种优势效应对产量提高的贡献不大,亲本产量的提高、种植密度的增加、株型的改善、雄穗分枝的减少及果穗性状的优化是当前我国玉米产量提高的主要原因。
2、利用自行设计的茎秆穿刺仪和拉力仪,在玉米不同生育时期对41个不同玉米杂交种进行茎秆穿刺和拉力试验,研究茎秆穿刺力和拉力与倒伏性的关系。结果表明:地上部第3茎节穿刺力能较好反映出穿刺与倒伏的关系;主茎与地面呈45°夹角的拉力能较好反映出拉力与倒伏的关系;茎秆穿刺力和拉力与倒伏性呈极显著负相关;密度、茎秆穿刺力和茎粗是影响茎秆倒伏的主要直接因素,茎秆穿刺和拉力可以作为衡量玉米倒伏的指标。
3、试验以沈单16和郑单958玉米单交种构成的六世代群体为材料,以玉米茎秆穿刺阻力为性状,通过P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1和BC2六个世代联合分析法,研究控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺性的基因遗传分离规律。结果表明:该性状在两个单交种的F2分离世代群体均呈双峰分布,BC1和BC2群体分离世代呈多峰分布,说明玉米茎秆耐穿刺性遗传为多基因数量性状控制,且符合一对加-显主基因+加-显-上位性多基因遗传模型(即D模型);主基因遗传力为34.5%～45.7%,多基因遗传力41.6%～56.3%,两者在控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺遗传特性上都具重要作用。这一研究结果为玉米抗倒伏性状的有效选择提供方法和理论依据。
Maize(Zea mays L.)is an annual herbaceous grain crop in Gramimeae, Maudeae. It is one of the most important crops widely planted in the world. China has the second largest area planted to maize, only next to America. It is necessary for maize breeding to research the change trend of different period maize hybrids. It was researched for⑴changing trend of maize yield,⑵the relationship of heterosis change and yield,⑶correlation of parents yield and hybrid yield,⑷agricultural and ear characters affecting to yield,⑸genetic study of stem puncture resistence. The main results were as fallows:
1. Twenty maize hybrids and their parents in different period utilized widely in China were chose as the materials. By split plot design over 3 sites, the results indicated that yield of hybrids and mid-parents increased gradually with the new varieties releast; yield of the earlier varieties showed decreasing for high plant density, while yield and plant density increased gradually for current varieties; the heterosis of hybrids presented the trend of“down”for high and“up”for low plant density, respectively, it didn’t change for middle and average density; Investigation evaluated changes for plant traits showed that tassel branch numbers and leaf angle uppermost ear reduced gradually; rows per ear, ear diameter, kernel length, and 100-kernel weight increased gradually, but not changed in kernels per row, shelling percentage and unit weight; the relationship was not significant between yield and heterosis; rows per ear, ear diameter, kernel length, 100-kernel weight and yield of mid-parents were significant positive relationship with yield at 0.01 level; tassel branch numbers and leaf angle uppermost ear were negative significant relationship with yield at 0.01 level. The conclusion indicated that there was conflicting evidence to support the heterosis was the principal contribution to yield increase, the contribution of maize yield increase owed to the increase of mid-parents yield and plant density, optimization of plant type and ear traits, and decrease of tassel branch numbers.
2. The research was made on correlation between corn lodging resistance and its stem puncture resistence-pull strength in the different growth period by the utilization of the puncture-pull equipment designed by ourselves with forty-one corn varieties. The result indicated that the puncture resistent strength of the varieties stem third-node over ground were significant negative relationship with its lodging resistance; also, the pull strength of varieties stem were significant negative relationship with its lodging resistance when the angle between the variety stem and level ground hold 45°; the variety planting density, stem puncture resistence, and stem diameter were the principal direct factors for variety lodging resistance. In hence, the strength of variety stem puncture resistence and pull were acted as the index for variety lodging resistance.
3. Shendan 16 and Zhengdan 958’six generations, namely F1, F2, backcrosses BC1 and BC2 and their parents′P1 and P2 were used to study the inheritance of maize stem lodging with joint analysis of multiple generations. The results were the followings: the F2 population of two hybrids appeared two peaks distribution, the BC1 and BC2 populations of two hybrids appeared multi-peaks distribution, these results indicated that maize stem puncture trait was quantitative in nature and controlled by polygene; The inheritance of maize stem puncture trait fitted D model which was a pair of additive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene; The major gene heritability was 34.5% to 45.7%; The polygene heritability was 41.6% to 56.3%, their effects were important on maize stem inheritance and should be value on maize breeding.
引文
1.北条良夫,星川清亲等(郑丕尧等译).作物的形态与机能[M].北京:农业出版社,1983, 411～436.
2.陈长青,白石,史磊,孙甲.我国玉米生产现状和玉米育种方向[J].安徽农业科学, 2007,35(14):4135～4136.
3.曹广才,徐雨昌,黄长玲.实用玉米自交系[M].2001,气象出版社.
4.陈发波,杨克诚,荣廷昭,潘光堂.西南及四川区试玉米组合主要性状分析及育种对策探讨[J].玉米科学, 2007, 15(4):41～45.
5.池淑敏,孟义江,陈景堂.玉米过氧化物同功酶遗传距离与杂种优势的关系[J].玉米科学,1998,5(4):1～3.
6.戴景瑞.我国玉米遗传育种的回顾和展望.玉米遗传育种国际学术讨论会文集[M].长春,2000,9:1～7.
7.戴景瑞.我国玉米遗传育种的回顾与展望[J].作物杂志,2000(3):1～6.
8.戴景瑞.发展玉米育种科学迎接世纪的挑战[J].作物杂志,1998(6):1～3.
9.段民孝.从农大108和郑单958中得到的玉米育种启示[J].玉米科学,2005,13(4):49～52.
10.丁照华,孟昭东,张发军,孙琦,汪黎明.鲁单系列玉米种的育种现状和发展方向[J].山东农业科学,2006(5):19～20.
11.郭宝贵,杨伟光.吉林省玉米杂种优势模式及育种技术研究[硕士学位论文].长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
12.高长健.美国玉米育种工作中几个重要的种质资源[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(1):8～9.
13.盖钧镒,章元明,王建康.植物数量性状遗传体系[M].2002,北京:科学出版社.
14.盖钧镒,章元明,王建康.植物数量性状遗传体系[M].2003,北京:科学出版社.
15.勾玲,黄建军,张宾,李涛,孙锐,赵明.群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(10):1688～1695.
16.高翔,曹绍书.塘四平头种质的遗传改良与利用[J].农艺科学,2006(10):154～156.
17.华福平,申为民,张毅,宋长江.从郑单958看黄淮海夏玉米的育种目标[J].种子,2005,5(5):47～49.
18.姜连政,高鋆,张金慧.玉米旅系的选育及生产应用的回顾[J].辽宁农业科学,2007(2):47～49.
19.贾志森,白永新.玉米自交系抗倒伏鉴定研究[J],作物品种资源.1992,(3):30～32.
20.孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学[M].2006,中国农业大学出版社.
21.李登海.从事紧凑型玉米育种的历史回顾与展望[J].莱阳农学院学报,2001(1):1～6.
22.李得孝,康宏,员海燕.作物抗倒伏性研究方法[J].陕西农业科学,2001(7):20～22.
23.李得孝,员海燕.玉米抗倒性指标及其遗传研究[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2001.
24.柳家友,柏志安,吴伟华.玉米杂交种主要穗部性状之演变及对育种目标的影响[J].玉米科学,2004, 12(Z2): 3～4.
25.刘帆,石海春,余学杰.玉米果穗主要性状与产量间的相关与通径分析[J].玉米科学, 2005, 13(3):17～20.
26.刘纪麟.玉米育种学[M].2000,中国农业出版社.
27.李竞雄.玉米育种研究进展[M].1992,科学出版社.
28.李竞雄.多抗性丰产玉米杂交种中单2号[J].中国农业科学,1987(专集):27～29.
29.路明,万建民,赵明等.2007-2008作物学学科发展报告[M].2008,中国科学技术出版社.
30.卢庆善,孙毅,华泽田.农作物杂种优势[M].2001,中国农业科技出版社.
31.李晚忱,荣廷昭.20世纪我国玉米遗传育种的发展与成就[A].111～115.
32.李晚忱,荣廷昭.21世纪我国玉米遗传育种的任务与战略[A].133～136.
33.李文阁,邵连存.对我国目前玉米育种目标的思考[J].玉米科学,2005,13(增刊):7～8.
34.李新海,黄长玲,吴景锋.中国种植业优质高产技术从书——玉米[M].2003,湖北科学技术出版社.
35.刘宗华,汤继华,陈伟程.玉米高配合力自交系豫自87-1的选育研究[J].作物杂志,2002(5):48～49.
36.孟繁盛,慈艳华,曲文祥,魏云山,林学功.美国玉米杂交种在我国玉米育种中的作用[J] .内蒙古农业科技,2002(6):40～42.
37.马建军.玉米改良Reid系群的应用创新[J].种子科技,2005(5):277～278.
38.孟义江,高进军.中国玉米杂种优势群划分和利用研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(1):16～17.
39.潘瑞炽,王小青,李娘辉.植物生理学[M].2005,高等教育出版社.
40.荣廷昭,李晚忱,潘光堂.新世纪初发展我国玉米遗传育种科学技术的思考[J].玉米科学. 2003(专刊):42～53.
41.苏方宏.玉米耐密性及耐密育种[J].河北农业科学,1997,1(2):14～16.
42.孙世贤,戴俊英等.氮磷钾肥对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(3):28～33.
43.孙世贤,杨国航,周进宝.中国玉米品种科技论坛[M].2007,中国农业科学技术出版社.
44.宋锡章,张宝石.美国玉米种质的利用与改良[J].玉米科学,2007,2(15):44～48.
45.史新海,李可敬,孙为森,赵尧先,王金娇,李勇.山东省不同年代玉米杂交种主要农艺性状演变规律的研究[J]..玉米科学, 2000, 8(2):33～35.
46.史新海,赵格.山东省紧凑型玉米杂交种主要农艺性状对产量的影响及其演变规律的研究[J].玉米科学, 2003, 11(2): 59～61.
47.石云素.玉米种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].2006,中国农业出版社.
48.田保明,杨光圣.农作物倒伏及其评价方法[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):111～114.
49.佟屏亚.中国玉米科技史[M].1999.中国农业科技出版社.
50.佟屏亚. 20世纪中国玉米品种改良的历程与成就[M].中国科技史料,第22卷.第2期(2001):113～127.
51.佟屏亚.20世纪我国玉米品种改良的历程和成就[J].中国科技史料,2001(2):113～127.
52.佟屏亚.中国玉米编年史[J].玉米科学, 2001,9(1):98～107.
53.佟屏亚,罗振锋,矫树凯.现代玉米生产[M].1998.中国农业科技出版社.
54.滕文涛,曹靖生,陈彦惠,刘向辉,景希强,张发军,李建生.十年来中国玉米杂种优势群及其模式变化分析[J].中国农业科学. 2004,37(12):1804～1811.
55.田清震,张世煌,李新海,李明顺,谢传晓.玉米育种发展动态[J].玉米科学,2007,15(1):24～28.
56.吴景锋.我国主要玉米杂交种种质基础评述[J].中国农业科学,1983,16(2):1～8.
57.温瑞,黄梧芳等.玉米茎腐病研究进展[J],河北农业大学学报,2000,23(1):53～56.
58.王向东.玉米育种学的发回顾与展望[J].玉米科学,2004,12(增刊)5～6.
59.星耀武,王慷林,史新海,张付娟.不同株型玉米杂交种的产量及农艺性状的研究[J].玉米科学, 2005, 13(4):92～94.
60.许明学,荆绍凌,苗万波.玉米杂交育种的历史回顾与展望[J].玉米科学,2000.8(1):28～30.
61.岳尧海,周小辉,任军.夏玉米杂交种产量性状与产量的通径分析[J].玉米科学, 2006, 14(6): 59～61.
62.周洪生.玉米种子大全[M].2000,中国农业出版社.
63.周洪生.21世纪初我国玉米遗传育种及玉米生产的发展战略[J].玉米科学,1996(4):1～5.
64.赵久然.超级玉米指标及选育模式[J].玉米科学,2005,13(1):3～4.
65.赵克明.我国历年各地育成的玉米杂交组合一览表[J].山西农业科学. 2003,31(1):67～95.
66.张秋芝,潘金豹,郝玉兰,王亚男.美国玉米群体主要农艺性状的配合力分析[J].北京农学院学报,2005,7(3):15～19.
67.张世煌,彭泽斌,袁力行.玉米杂种优势与我国玉米种质新增[A].中国农学会,21世纪玉米遗传育种展望[C].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000,37～41.
68.曾三省.中国玉米杂交种的种质基础[J].中国农业科学,1990,23(4):1～9.
69.赵世勇,荣廷昭.1981至2000年四川玉米育成品种主要性状改良效果研究[博士学位论文].成都:四川农业大学,2003.
70. Aaron J.Lorenz, M. Paul Scott, and Kendall R. Lamkey. Genetic variation and breeding potential of phytate and lnorganic phosphorus in a maize population[J]. Corp Sci, 2008, 48:79～84.
71. A. Gallais, M. Coque, P. Bertin. Response to selection of a maize population adaptation to high or low nitrogen fertilization[J]. Maydica, 2008,53:21～28.
72. Anderson B,White D G. Evaluation of methods for identification of corn genotype with stalk rot and lodging resistance[J]. Plant Dis,1994,78(6):590～593.
73. Bernardo, R., J. Romero-Severson, J. Ziegle, J. Hauser, L. Joe, G. HookStra, and R. W. Doerge. Parental contribution and coefficient of ancestry among maize inbreds: Pedigree, RFLP, and SSR data[J].Theor. Appl. Genet. 2000, 100:552～556.
74. Berzonsky.W.A,J.A.Hawk and T.D.Pizzolato.Anatomical characteristics of three inbred links and two maize synthetics recurrently selected for high and low stalk crushing strength [J], Crop Sci,1986,26:482～488.
75. C. G. Ipsilandis, B. N. Vafias. Plant density effects on grain yield per plant in maize: breeding implication[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2005, 4(1):31～39.
76. CHENS.S.Reduction of maize lodging by irrigation, tillage and nitrogen application[J].Journal of Agriculture and forestry,1990,39(1):167～174.
77. Colbert,T.L.L.Darrah,and M.S.Zuber,Effect of recurrent selection for stalk crushing strength on agronomic characteristic and soluble stalk solids in maize[J],Crop Sci,1984,24:473～478.
78. Crosbie, T. M. Changes in physiological traits associated with long-term breeding efforts to improve grain yield of maize. In“Proceedings of 37th Annual Corn & Sorghum Research Conference, 5–9 Dec., 1982”(H. D. Loden and D. Wilkinson, Eds.), 1982, Vol. 37, pp. 206–223. American Seed Trade Association, Washington, DC, Chicago, IL.
79. Davis S M,Crane P L. Recurrent selection for rind thickness in maize and its relationship with yield, lodging and other plant characteristics[J]. Crop Sci.,1976,16:53～55.
80. Devey,M.E,W.A.Russel. Evaluation of recurrent selection for stalk quality in a maize cultivar and effects on other agronomic characters[J].Iowa stat J Res,1983,58:207～219.
81. Dudley J W. Selection for rind puncture resistance in two maize population [J]. Crop Sci,1994,34 (6) :1458～1460.
82. D. N. Duvick and K. G. Cassman. Post–green revolution trends in yield potential of temperate maize in the North-Central United States[J].Crop Sci, 1999, 39:1622～1630.
83. Duvick, D. N., Smith, J. S. C., and Cooper, M. Long-term selection in a commercial hybrid maize breeding program. In“Plant Breeding Review”(J. Janick, Ed.),2004, Vol. 24, pp. 109–151. Wiley, New York.
84. Duvick, D. N. What is yield? In“Developing Drought- and Low N-Tolerant Maize. Proceedings of a Symposium, March 25–29, 1996, CIMMYT, EI Batan, Mexico”(G. O. Edmeades, M. B?nziger, H. R. Mickelson, and C. B. Peňa-Valdivia, Eds.), 1997, pp. 332–335. CIMMYT, M?xico, D. F.
85. Dwyer, L. M., Tollenaar, M., and Stewart, D. W. Changes in plant density dependence of leaf photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. 1959 to 1988[J].Can. J. Plant Sci. 1991, 71, 1–11.
86. Federico Condon, Charles Gustus, Donald C. Rasmusson, and Kevin P. Smith. Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic diversity in barely breeding germplasm[J]. Crop Sci, 2008,48:1027～1036.
87. G. Andres Gordillo and Hartwig H. Geiger. A hernative recurrent selection strategies using doubled haploid lines in hybrid maize breeding[J]. Crop Sci, 2008, 48:911～922.
88. Gerdes J T,Tracy W F. Pedigree Diversity Within the Lancaster Surecrop Heterotic Group of Maize[J]. Crop Sci.,1993,33(2):334～337.
89. Goodman M.M. Developing temperate inbreds using tropical maize germplasm: Rationale, results, conclusions[J]. Maydica, 2004, 49:209～219.
90. Hunter.J.W, N.E.Dalbey.A histological study of stalk breaking in maize [J].Bot.1977,24:492～494.
91. Ioannis.S. Tokatlidis. Variation within maize lines and hybrids in the absence of competition andrelation between hybrid potential yield per plant with line traits[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2000, 134:391～398.
92. J. Stephen C, Smith, Donald N. Duvick, Oscar S. Smith, Mark Cooper, and Lizhi Feng. Changes in pedigree backgrounds of pioneer brand maize hybrids widely grown from 1930 to 1999[J].Crop Sci, 2004, 44,1935～1946.
93. Kato A. Relationship between root lodging and five nondestructively determined traits in maize (Zea mays L. ) [J]. Maydica,1998,43 (1):65～74.
94. Koinuma K, Ikegaya F, Ito E, et al. Heterotic effect for root lodging resistance in F1 hybrids among dent and flint inbred lines of maize[J]. Maydica,1998,43 (1) :13～17.
95. Koinyma.K.et al,Heterotic effect for root lodging resistance in F1 hybrids among dent and flint inbred lines of maize[J]. Maydica.1998,43:13～17.
96. Laura Echarte, Steven Rothstein, and Matthijs Tollenaar. The response of leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation to nitrogen supply in an older and newer maize hybrid[J]. Crop Sci, 2008, 48:656～665.
97. Li Ji-suo,Shen Huo-lin,Shi Zheng-qiang. Analysis on the major gene and polygene mixed inheritance of glycogen content in fresh consumptive tomato fruit[J]. Heredities,2006,28(4):458～462.
98. Liu Hua,Wang Hui,Li Qun,Xu Peng,Gai Jun-yi,Yu De-yue. Inheritance analysis and mapping QTLs related to cotton worm resistance in soybeans[J]. Scientia Agricul-tura Sinica. 2005,38(7):1369～1372.
99. Martin.G.C.and W.A.Russell.Correlated responses of yield and other agronomic traits to recurrent selection for stalk quality in a maize synthetic[J].Crop.Sci,1984,24:746～750.
100.Martin.G.C.and W.A.Russell. Response of a maize synthetic to recurrent selection for stalk qualituy [J].Crop Sci,1984.24:331～337.
101.Meghji, M. R., Dudley, J. W., Lambert, R. J., and Sprague, G. F. Inbreeding depression, inbred and hybrid grain yields, and other traits of maize genotypes representing three eras[J].Crop Sci, 1984, 24,545～549.
102.Mikel MA, Dudley J W. Evolution of North American Dent Corn from Public to Proprietary Germplasm[J]. Crop Sci,2006,46:1193～1205.
103.MINAMIM. Effects of lodging on dry matter production, grain yield and nutritional composition at different growth stages in maize[J]. Japanese Journal of Crop Science.1991,60 (1) :107～115.
104.Mo Hui-dong.A genetic analysis of generation meansⅡ.Estimates of genetic effects for additive-dominance-epist-asis Model[J].Journal of Jiang su Agricultural College,1985,6(1):53～59.
105.Oeschele I.Genetics evaluation with data presenting evidence of mixed major gene and polygenic inheritance[J].Thero Appl Genet,1988a.76:81～92.
106.PELLERINS. Relationship between morphological characteristics and lodging susceptibility of maize[J]. Agronomie,1990,10 (6) :439～446.
107.PINTERL. Effect of plant density and plant distribution with in the row on grain yield and standing ability for maize[J]. Acta Agronomica Hungarica,1993,42 (3):337～348.
108.Radu,A.Paraschivu,U.et al,Use of genetic estimates in breeding maize for resistance to stem breakage[J].Lucrari stiintifice (Romania),1994,7:70～80.
109.Rim.Byong-Hwan.Study on the estimating method of resistance to lodging of maize hubrids [J].Acta of Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Korea Democratic People's Republic).1992,4:2～6.
110.Russell, W. A. Agronomic performance of maize cultivars representing different eras of breeding[J].Maydica, 1984, 29, 375–390.
111.Stojsin R, Ivanovic M, Kojic L, Stojsin D. Inheritance of grain-yield and several stalk characreristics significant in resistance to stalk lodging in maize(Zea-mays L) [J].Maydica, 1991, 36(1): 75–81.
112.S Barth, A K Busimi, H Friedrich Utz and AE Melchinger. Heterosis for biomass yield and related traits in five hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh[J].Heredity, 2003, 91, 36–42.
113.Smith J.S., Smith O.S. Associations among inbred lines of maize using eletrophoretic, chromatohraphic and pedigree data: multivariate and cluster analysis of data from Iowa Stiff Stalk Synethetic derived lines[J]. Genet,1988,76:39～44.
114.Smith J S C,Duvick D N,Smith O S,et al. Changes In Pedigree Backgrounds of Pioneer Brand Maize Hybrids Widely Grown From 1930 to 1999[J]. Crop Sci.,2004,44:1935～1946.
115.Song Y,Xia Y L,Wei X,Zhang Z M,Zhao M J,Rong T Z,Pan G T.Analysis on gene effect of four characters of immature embryo culture in maize (Zea mays L.) [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(1):18～22.
116.STAMPP. Root morphology of maize and its relationship to root lodging. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science[J]. 1992,168 (2):113～118.
117.Stuber C. W. et al. Indentification of genetic factors contributing to heterosis in a hybrid from two elite maize inbred lines using molecular markers[J]. Genetics, 1995,132:823～839.
118.Stuber C W,Lincoln S E,Wolff D W,Helentjarisn T,Lander E S. Identification of genetic factors contributing to heterosis in a hybrid from two elite maize inbred lines using molecular markers[J]. Genetics,1992,132:823～839.
119.Tollenaar, M. Physiological basis of genetic improvement of maize hybrids in Ontario from 1959 to 1988[J].Crop Sci. 1991, 31,119～124.
120.T.Zivanovic, R.Dordevic, S.Drazic, M.Secanski, M.Kostic. Effects of recombinations on variability and heritability of traits in maize populations with exotic germplasm[J].BIOTECHNOL .& BIOTECHNOL. EQ.2007, 21(2):229～234.
121.Vasilia A. Fasoula and H. Roger Boerma. Intra-cultivar variation for seed weight and other agronomic traits within three elite soybean cultivars[J]. Crop Sci, 2007,47:367～373.
122.Wang Jian-kang,Gai Jun-yi.Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model and estima-tion of genetic parameters of a quantitative trait from F2 progeny[J].Acta GeneticaSinica,1997,24(5):432～440.
123.Wang J and J Gai.Identification of major-polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits from F2 population[J].Chinese Journal of Genetics.1997,24(3):181～190.
124.Wang J and J Gai , The inheritance of resistance of soybeans to Agromyzid beanfly (Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner)—Mixed major gene and polygenes genetic analysis[J].Euphytica,2001,122:9～18.
125.Wang Jian-she,Wng Jian-kang,Zhu Li-hong,Gai Jun-yi.Major-polygene effect analysis of resistance to bacterial bligh(tXanthomonas campestris pvoryzae)in rice[J].Acta Genetica Sinica,2000.27(1):34～38.
126.Wang J,Podlic D.W.Cooper M,Delacy I.H. Power of the joint segregation analysis method for testing mixed major-gene and polygene inheritance models of quantitative traits[J]. Theor Appl Genet,2001,103(5):804～816.
127.Warburton M L,Xia X C,Crossa J,Franco J,Melchinger A E,Frisch M,Bohn M,Hoisington D. Genetic characterization of CIMMYT inbred maize lines and open pollinated populations using large scale fingerprinting methods[J]. Crop Sci,2002,42:1832～1840.
128.Wei Xin,LI Li-hua,WANG Juan,FAN Qing-qi,LAN Hai,WU Yuan-qi,RONG Ting-zhao,PAN Guang-tang.Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Silk Cut in Maize (Zea mays L.) [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(8):2235～2240.
129.Yan Hui-ling,Fang Zhi-yuan,Liu Yu-mei,Wang Yong-jian,Yang Li-mei,Zhuang Mu,Zhang Yang-yong,and Sun Pei-tian.Genetic effect of sterility of the dominant genic male sterile materile (DGM S79-399-3)in Cabbage (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata L.)[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2007,34(1):93～98.
130.Zhan Q W,Gai J Y,Zhang Y M,Yu D Y.Inheritance of resistance of soybeans to leaf-eating insects[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(8):1016～1020.
131.Zhang Pei-tong,Zhu Xie-fei,Guo Wang-zhen,Yu Jing-zhong,Zhang Tian-zhen.Genetic analysis of yield and its components for high yield cultivar Simian 3 in G.hirsutum L[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica.2006,32(17):1011～1017.
132.Zhang Y M,Gai J Y,Qi C K.The precision of segregating analysis of quantitative trait and its improving methods[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2001,27(6):782～793.
133.Zuber.M.S.Evaluation of progress in selection for stalk quality [J].Corn Sorghum Res,1953,28:110～122.
134.Zuber.M.S.and M.E.Michaelson et al.Study of the interrelation of field stalk rotting fungi and chemical composition of corn [J].Agron 1957,49:328～331.
2.陈长青,白石,史磊,孙甲.我国玉米生产现状和玉米育种方向[J].安徽农业科学, 2007,35(14):4135～4136.
3.曹广才,徐雨昌,黄长玲.实用玉米自交系[M].2001,气象出版社.
4.陈发波,杨克诚,荣廷昭,潘光堂.西南及四川区试玉米组合主要性状分析及育种对策探讨[J].玉米科学, 2007, 15(4):41～45.
5.池淑敏,孟义江,陈景堂.玉米过氧化物同功酶遗传距离与杂种优势的关系[J].玉米科学,1998,5(4):1～3.
6.戴景瑞.我国玉米遗传育种的回顾和展望.玉米遗传育种国际学术讨论会文集[M].长春,2000,9:1～7.
7.戴景瑞.我国玉米遗传育种的回顾与展望[J].作物杂志,2000(3):1～6.
8.戴景瑞.发展玉米育种科学迎接世纪的挑战[J].作物杂志,1998(6):1～3.
9.段民孝.从农大108和郑单958中得到的玉米育种启示[J].玉米科学,2005,13(4):49～52.
10.丁照华,孟昭东,张发军,孙琦,汪黎明.鲁单系列玉米种的育种现状和发展方向[J].山东农业科学,2006(5):19～20.
11.郭宝贵,杨伟光.吉林省玉米杂种优势模式及育种技术研究[硕士学位论文].长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
12.高长健.美国玉米育种工作中几个重要的种质资源[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(1):8～9.
13.盖钧镒,章元明,王建康.植物数量性状遗传体系[M].2002,北京:科学出版社.
14.盖钧镒,章元明,王建康.植物数量性状遗传体系[M].2003,北京:科学出版社.
15.勾玲,黄建军,张宾,李涛,孙锐,赵明.群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(10):1688～1695.
16.高翔,曹绍书.塘四平头种质的遗传改良与利用[J].农艺科学,2006(10):154～156.
17.华福平,申为民,张毅,宋长江.从郑单958看黄淮海夏玉米的育种目标[J].种子,2005,5(5):47～49.
18.姜连政,高鋆,张金慧.玉米旅系的选育及生产应用的回顾[J].辽宁农业科学,2007(2):47～49.
19.贾志森,白永新.玉米自交系抗倒伏鉴定研究[J],作物品种资源.1992,(3):30～32.
20.孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学[M].2006,中国农业大学出版社.
21.李登海.从事紧凑型玉米育种的历史回顾与展望[J].莱阳农学院学报,2001(1):1～6.
22.李得孝,康宏,员海燕.作物抗倒伏性研究方法[J].陕西农业科学,2001(7):20～22.
23.李得孝,员海燕.玉米抗倒性指标及其遗传研究[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2001.
24.柳家友,柏志安,吴伟华.玉米杂交种主要穗部性状之演变及对育种目标的影响[J].玉米科学,2004, 12(Z2): 3～4.
25.刘帆,石海春,余学杰.玉米果穗主要性状与产量间的相关与通径分析[J].玉米科学, 2005, 13(3):17～20.
26.刘纪麟.玉米育种学[M].2000,中国农业出版社.
27.李竞雄.玉米育种研究进展[M].1992,科学出版社.
28.李竞雄.多抗性丰产玉米杂交种中单2号[J].中国农业科学,1987(专集):27～29.
29.路明,万建民,赵明等.2007-2008作物学学科发展报告[M].2008,中国科学技术出版社.
30.卢庆善,孙毅,华泽田.农作物杂种优势[M].2001,中国农业科技出版社.
31.李晚忱,荣廷昭.20世纪我国玉米遗传育种的发展与成就[A].111～115.
32.李晚忱,荣廷昭.21世纪我国玉米遗传育种的任务与战略[A].133～136.
33.李文阁,邵连存.对我国目前玉米育种目标的思考[J].玉米科学,2005,13(增刊):7～8.
34.李新海,黄长玲,吴景锋.中国种植业优质高产技术从书——玉米[M].2003,湖北科学技术出版社.
35.刘宗华,汤继华,陈伟程.玉米高配合力自交系豫自87-1的选育研究[J].作物杂志,2002(5):48～49.
36.孟繁盛,慈艳华,曲文祥,魏云山,林学功.美国玉米杂交种在我国玉米育种中的作用[J] .内蒙古农业科技,2002(6):40～42.
37.马建军.玉米改良Reid系群的应用创新[J].种子科技,2005(5):277～278.
38.孟义江,高进军.中国玉米杂种优势群划分和利用研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(1):16～17.
39.潘瑞炽,王小青,李娘辉.植物生理学[M].2005,高等教育出版社.
40.荣廷昭,李晚忱,潘光堂.新世纪初发展我国玉米遗传育种科学技术的思考[J].玉米科学. 2003(专刊):42～53.
41.苏方宏.玉米耐密性及耐密育种[J].河北农业科学,1997,1(2):14～16.
42.孙世贤,戴俊英等.氮磷钾肥对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(3):28～33.
43.孙世贤,杨国航,周进宝.中国玉米品种科技论坛[M].2007,中国农业科学技术出版社.
44.宋锡章,张宝石.美国玉米种质的利用与改良[J].玉米科学,2007,2(15):44～48.
45.史新海,李可敬,孙为森,赵尧先,王金娇,李勇.山东省不同年代玉米杂交种主要农艺性状演变规律的研究[J]..玉米科学, 2000, 8(2):33～35.
46.史新海,赵格.山东省紧凑型玉米杂交种主要农艺性状对产量的影响及其演变规律的研究[J].玉米科学, 2003, 11(2): 59～61.
47.石云素.玉米种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].2006,中国农业出版社.
48.田保明,杨光圣.农作物倒伏及其评价方法[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):111～114.
49.佟屏亚.中国玉米科技史[M].1999.中国农业科技出版社.
50.佟屏亚. 20世纪中国玉米品种改良的历程与成就[M].中国科技史料,第22卷.第2期(2001):113～127.
51.佟屏亚.20世纪我国玉米品种改良的历程和成就[J].中国科技史料,2001(2):113～127.
52.佟屏亚.中国玉米编年史[J].玉米科学, 2001,9(1):98～107.
53.佟屏亚,罗振锋,矫树凯.现代玉米生产[M].1998.中国农业科技出版社.
54.滕文涛,曹靖生,陈彦惠,刘向辉,景希强,张发军,李建生.十年来中国玉米杂种优势群及其模式变化分析[J].中国农业科学. 2004,37(12):1804～1811.
55.田清震,张世煌,李新海,李明顺,谢传晓.玉米育种发展动态[J].玉米科学,2007,15(1):24～28.
56.吴景锋.我国主要玉米杂交种种质基础评述[J].中国农业科学,1983,16(2):1～8.
57.温瑞,黄梧芳等.玉米茎腐病研究进展[J],河北农业大学学报,2000,23(1):53～56.
58.王向东.玉米育种学的发回顾与展望[J].玉米科学,2004,12(增刊)5～6.
59.星耀武,王慷林,史新海,张付娟.不同株型玉米杂交种的产量及农艺性状的研究[J].玉米科学, 2005, 13(4):92～94.
60.许明学,荆绍凌,苗万波.玉米杂交育种的历史回顾与展望[J].玉米科学,2000.8(1):28～30.
61.岳尧海,周小辉,任军.夏玉米杂交种产量性状与产量的通径分析[J].玉米科学, 2006, 14(6): 59～61.
62.周洪生.玉米种子大全[M].2000,中国农业出版社.
63.周洪生.21世纪初我国玉米遗传育种及玉米生产的发展战略[J].玉米科学,1996(4):1～5.
64.赵久然.超级玉米指标及选育模式[J].玉米科学,2005,13(1):3～4.
65.赵克明.我国历年各地育成的玉米杂交组合一览表[J].山西农业科学. 2003,31(1):67～95.
66.张秋芝,潘金豹,郝玉兰,王亚男.美国玉米群体主要农艺性状的配合力分析[J].北京农学院学报,2005,7(3):15～19.
67.张世煌,彭泽斌,袁力行.玉米杂种优势与我国玉米种质新增[A].中国农学会,21世纪玉米遗传育种展望[C].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000,37～41.
68.曾三省.中国玉米杂交种的种质基础[J].中国农业科学,1990,23(4):1～9.
69.赵世勇,荣廷昭.1981至2000年四川玉米育成品种主要性状改良效果研究[博士学位论文].成都:四川农业大学,2003.
70. Aaron J.Lorenz, M. Paul Scott, and Kendall R. Lamkey. Genetic variation and breeding potential of phytate and lnorganic phosphorus in a maize population[J]. Corp Sci, 2008, 48:79～84.
71. A. Gallais, M. Coque, P. Bertin. Response to selection of a maize population adaptation to high or low nitrogen fertilization[J]. Maydica, 2008,53:21～28.
72. Anderson B,White D G. Evaluation of methods for identification of corn genotype with stalk rot and lodging resistance[J]. Plant Dis,1994,78(6):590～593.
73. Bernardo, R., J. Romero-Severson, J. Ziegle, J. Hauser, L. Joe, G. HookStra, and R. W. Doerge. Parental contribution and coefficient of ancestry among maize inbreds: Pedigree, RFLP, and SSR data[J].Theor. Appl. Genet. 2000, 100:552～556.
74. Berzonsky.W.A,J.A.Hawk and T.D.Pizzolato.Anatomical characteristics of three inbred links and two maize synthetics recurrently selected for high and low stalk crushing strength [J], Crop Sci,1986,26:482～488.
75. C. G. Ipsilandis, B. N. Vafias. Plant density effects on grain yield per plant in maize: breeding implication[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2005, 4(1):31～39.
76. CHENS.S.Reduction of maize lodging by irrigation, tillage and nitrogen application[J].Journal of Agriculture and forestry,1990,39(1):167～174.
77. Colbert,T.L.L.Darrah,and M.S.Zuber,Effect of recurrent selection for stalk crushing strength on agronomic characteristic and soluble stalk solids in maize[J],Crop Sci,1984,24:473～478.
78. Crosbie, T. M. Changes in physiological traits associated with long-term breeding efforts to improve grain yield of maize. In“Proceedings of 37th Annual Corn & Sorghum Research Conference, 5–9 Dec., 1982”(H. D. Loden and D. Wilkinson, Eds.), 1982, Vol. 37, pp. 206–223. American Seed Trade Association, Washington, DC, Chicago, IL.
79. Davis S M,Crane P L. Recurrent selection for rind thickness in maize and its relationship with yield, lodging and other plant characteristics[J]. Crop Sci.,1976,16:53～55.
80. Devey,M.E,W.A.Russel. Evaluation of recurrent selection for stalk quality in a maize cultivar and effects on other agronomic characters[J].Iowa stat J Res,1983,58:207～219.
81. Dudley J W. Selection for rind puncture resistance in two maize population [J]. Crop Sci,1994,34 (6) :1458～1460.
82. D. N. Duvick and K. G. Cassman. Post–green revolution trends in yield potential of temperate maize in the North-Central United States[J].Crop Sci, 1999, 39:1622～1630.
83. Duvick, D. N., Smith, J. S. C., and Cooper, M. Long-term selection in a commercial hybrid maize breeding program. In“Plant Breeding Review”(J. Janick, Ed.),2004, Vol. 24, pp. 109–151. Wiley, New York.
84. Duvick, D. N. What is yield? In“Developing Drought- and Low N-Tolerant Maize. Proceedings of a Symposium, March 25–29, 1996, CIMMYT, EI Batan, Mexico”(G. O. Edmeades, M. B?nziger, H. R. Mickelson, and C. B. Peňa-Valdivia, Eds.), 1997, pp. 332–335. CIMMYT, M?xico, D. F.
85. Dwyer, L. M., Tollenaar, M., and Stewart, D. W. Changes in plant density dependence of leaf photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. 1959 to 1988[J].Can. J. Plant Sci. 1991, 71, 1–11.
86. Federico Condon, Charles Gustus, Donald C. Rasmusson, and Kevin P. Smith. Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic diversity in barely breeding germplasm[J]. Crop Sci, 2008,48:1027～1036.
87. G. Andres Gordillo and Hartwig H. Geiger. A hernative recurrent selection strategies using doubled haploid lines in hybrid maize breeding[J]. Crop Sci, 2008, 48:911～922.
88. Gerdes J T,Tracy W F. Pedigree Diversity Within the Lancaster Surecrop Heterotic Group of Maize[J]. Crop Sci.,1993,33(2):334～337.
89. Goodman M.M. Developing temperate inbreds using tropical maize germplasm: Rationale, results, conclusions[J]. Maydica, 2004, 49:209～219.
90. Hunter.J.W, N.E.Dalbey.A histological study of stalk breaking in maize [J].Bot.1977,24:492～494.
91. Ioannis.S. Tokatlidis. Variation within maize lines and hybrids in the absence of competition andrelation between hybrid potential yield per plant with line traits[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2000, 134:391～398.
92. J. Stephen C, Smith, Donald N. Duvick, Oscar S. Smith, Mark Cooper, and Lizhi Feng. Changes in pedigree backgrounds of pioneer brand maize hybrids widely grown from 1930 to 1999[J].Crop Sci, 2004, 44,1935～1946.
93. Kato A. Relationship between root lodging and five nondestructively determined traits in maize (Zea mays L. ) [J]. Maydica,1998,43 (1):65～74.
94. Koinuma K, Ikegaya F, Ito E, et al. Heterotic effect for root lodging resistance in F1 hybrids among dent and flint inbred lines of maize[J]. Maydica,1998,43 (1) :13～17.
95. Koinyma.K.et al,Heterotic effect for root lodging resistance in F1 hybrids among dent and flint inbred lines of maize[J]. Maydica.1998,43:13～17.
96. Laura Echarte, Steven Rothstein, and Matthijs Tollenaar. The response of leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation to nitrogen supply in an older and newer maize hybrid[J]. Crop Sci, 2008, 48:656～665.
97. Li Ji-suo,Shen Huo-lin,Shi Zheng-qiang. Analysis on the major gene and polygene mixed inheritance of glycogen content in fresh consumptive tomato fruit[J]. Heredities,2006,28(4):458～462.
98. Liu Hua,Wang Hui,Li Qun,Xu Peng,Gai Jun-yi,Yu De-yue. Inheritance analysis and mapping QTLs related to cotton worm resistance in soybeans[J]. Scientia Agricul-tura Sinica. 2005,38(7):1369～1372.
99. Martin.G.C.and W.A.Russell.Correlated responses of yield and other agronomic traits to recurrent selection for stalk quality in a maize synthetic[J].Crop.Sci,1984,24:746～750.
100.Martin.G.C.and W.A.Russell. Response of a maize synthetic to recurrent selection for stalk qualituy [J].Crop Sci,1984.24:331～337.
101.Meghji, M. R., Dudley, J. W., Lambert, R. J., and Sprague, G. F. Inbreeding depression, inbred and hybrid grain yields, and other traits of maize genotypes representing three eras[J].Crop Sci, 1984, 24,545～549.
102.Mikel MA, Dudley J W. Evolution of North American Dent Corn from Public to Proprietary Germplasm[J]. Crop Sci,2006,46:1193～1205.
103.MINAMIM. Effects of lodging on dry matter production, grain yield and nutritional composition at different growth stages in maize[J]. Japanese Journal of Crop Science.1991,60 (1) :107～115.
104.Mo Hui-dong.A genetic analysis of generation meansⅡ.Estimates of genetic effects for additive-dominance-epist-asis Model[J].Journal of Jiang su Agricultural College,1985,6(1):53～59.
105.Oeschele I.Genetics evaluation with data presenting evidence of mixed major gene and polygenic inheritance[J].Thero Appl Genet,1988a.76:81～92.
106.PELLERINS. Relationship between morphological characteristics and lodging susceptibility of maize[J]. Agronomie,1990,10 (6) :439～446.
107.PINTERL. Effect of plant density and plant distribution with in the row on grain yield and standing ability for maize[J]. Acta Agronomica Hungarica,1993,42 (3):337～348.
108.Radu,A.Paraschivu,U.et al,Use of genetic estimates in breeding maize for resistance to stem breakage[J].Lucrari stiintifice (Romania),1994,7:70～80.
109.Rim.Byong-Hwan.Study on the estimating method of resistance to lodging of maize hubrids [J].Acta of Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Korea Democratic People's Republic).1992,4:2～6.
110.Russell, W. A. Agronomic performance of maize cultivars representing different eras of breeding[J].Maydica, 1984, 29, 375–390.
111.Stojsin R, Ivanovic M, Kojic L, Stojsin D. Inheritance of grain-yield and several stalk characreristics significant in resistance to stalk lodging in maize(Zea-mays L) [J].Maydica, 1991, 36(1): 75–81.
112.S Barth, A K Busimi, H Friedrich Utz and AE Melchinger. Heterosis for biomass yield and related traits in five hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh[J].Heredity, 2003, 91, 36–42.
113.Smith J.S., Smith O.S. Associations among inbred lines of maize using eletrophoretic, chromatohraphic and pedigree data: multivariate and cluster analysis of data from Iowa Stiff Stalk Synethetic derived lines[J]. Genet,1988,76:39～44.
114.Smith J S C,Duvick D N,Smith O S,et al. Changes In Pedigree Backgrounds of Pioneer Brand Maize Hybrids Widely Grown From 1930 to 1999[J]. Crop Sci.,2004,44:1935～1946.
115.Song Y,Xia Y L,Wei X,Zhang Z M,Zhao M J,Rong T Z,Pan G T.Analysis on gene effect of four characters of immature embryo culture in maize (Zea mays L.) [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(1):18～22.
116.STAMPP. Root morphology of maize and its relationship to root lodging. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science[J]. 1992,168 (2):113～118.
117.Stuber C. W. et al. Indentification of genetic factors contributing to heterosis in a hybrid from two elite maize inbred lines using molecular markers[J]. Genetics, 1995,132:823～839.
118.Stuber C W,Lincoln S E,Wolff D W,Helentjarisn T,Lander E S. Identification of genetic factors contributing to heterosis in a hybrid from two elite maize inbred lines using molecular markers[J]. Genetics,1992,132:823～839.
119.Tollenaar, M. Physiological basis of genetic improvement of maize hybrids in Ontario from 1959 to 1988[J].Crop Sci. 1991, 31,119～124.
120.T.Zivanovic, R.Dordevic, S.Drazic, M.Secanski, M.Kostic. Effects of recombinations on variability and heritability of traits in maize populations with exotic germplasm[J].BIOTECHNOL .& BIOTECHNOL. EQ.2007, 21(2):229～234.
121.Vasilia A. Fasoula and H. Roger Boerma. Intra-cultivar variation for seed weight and other agronomic traits within three elite soybean cultivars[J]. Crop Sci, 2007,47:367～373.
122.Wang Jian-kang,Gai Jun-yi.Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model and estima-tion of genetic parameters of a quantitative trait from F2 progeny[J].Acta GeneticaSinica,1997,24(5):432～440.
123.Wang J and J Gai.Identification of major-polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits from F2 population[J].Chinese Journal of Genetics.1997,24(3):181～190.
124.Wang J and J Gai , The inheritance of resistance of soybeans to Agromyzid beanfly (Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner)—Mixed major gene and polygenes genetic analysis[J].Euphytica,2001,122:9～18.
125.Wang Jian-she,Wng Jian-kang,Zhu Li-hong,Gai Jun-yi.Major-polygene effect analysis of resistance to bacterial bligh(tXanthomonas campestris pvoryzae)in rice[J].Acta Genetica Sinica,2000.27(1):34～38.
126.Wang J,Podlic D.W.Cooper M,Delacy I.H. Power of the joint segregation analysis method for testing mixed major-gene and polygene inheritance models of quantitative traits[J]. Theor Appl Genet,2001,103(5):804～816.
127.Warburton M L,Xia X C,Crossa J,Franco J,Melchinger A E,Frisch M,Bohn M,Hoisington D. Genetic characterization of CIMMYT inbred maize lines and open pollinated populations using large scale fingerprinting methods[J]. Crop Sci,2002,42:1832～1840.
128.Wei Xin,LI Li-hua,WANG Juan,FAN Qing-qi,LAN Hai,WU Yuan-qi,RONG Ting-zhao,PAN Guang-tang.Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Silk Cut in Maize (Zea mays L.) [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(8):2235～2240.
129.Yan Hui-ling,Fang Zhi-yuan,Liu Yu-mei,Wang Yong-jian,Yang Li-mei,Zhuang Mu,Zhang Yang-yong,and Sun Pei-tian.Genetic effect of sterility of the dominant genic male sterile materile (DGM S79-399-3)in Cabbage (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata L.)[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2007,34(1):93～98.
130.Zhan Q W,Gai J Y,Zhang Y M,Yu D Y.Inheritance of resistance of soybeans to leaf-eating insects[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(8):1016～1020.
131.Zhang Pei-tong,Zhu Xie-fei,Guo Wang-zhen,Yu Jing-zhong,Zhang Tian-zhen.Genetic analysis of yield and its components for high yield cultivar Simian 3 in G.hirsutum L[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica.2006,32(17):1011～1017.
132.Zhang Y M,Gai J Y,Qi C K.The precision of segregating analysis of quantitative trait and its improving methods[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2001,27(6):782～793.
133.Zuber.M.S.Evaluation of progress in selection for stalk quality [J].Corn Sorghum Res,1953,28:110～122.
134.Zuber.M.S.and M.E.Michaelson et al.Study of the interrelation of field stalk rotting fungi and chemical composition of corn [J].Agron 1957,49:328～331.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |