水泥土防渗墙体的应力应变分析及数值模拟
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摘要
水泥土搅拌桩作为围护结构或者止水帷幕往往处于一定的围压环境中。水泥土的室内三轴试验可以更符合实际压力环境,故采用室内三轴试验对水泥土力学性能的研究具有非常重要的现实意义。
本课题基于扬州施桥三线船闸基坑工程,选取该基坑工程中的两种土质(粉质粘土,粉砂),制备大量的水泥土试样,进行室内三轴试验。试验主要考虑土样水泥掺入比、养护龄期、含水率、围压等因素对水泥土力学性能的影响,分析试验数据,给出水泥土的应力—应变规律。应用有限元软件结合扬州施桥三线船闸基坑工程,模拟水泥土防渗帷幕在基坑开挖中的受力与变形情况。本文主要研究成果如下:
1、通过不同水泥掺入比、不同龄期、不同含水率、不同围压以及不同土质的水泥土试样的三轴试验,系统分析了各因素对水泥土的应力—应变关系的影响,总结了各影响因素下水泥土应力—应变关系的变化规律。
2、水泥土的应力—应变说明,提高水泥土的水泥掺入比使水泥土由塑性向脆性变化,弹性区域逐渐增大;养护龄期的增加也使得水泥土的弹性和脆性特征表现明显;被加固土质的差异也影响着水泥土的应力—应变特性;围压的增大使得水泥土的塑性特征更加明显,残余强度也随着围压的增大而明显提高。
3、水泥土三轴剪切试验结果表明,水泥土的剪切强度与水泥掺入比大致成线性增长关系;水泥土的前期强度增长较快,强度与养护龄期的关系呈对数上升;含水率从20%、25%到30%,试样的抗剪强度逐渐增大;粉砂试样与粉质粘土试样的强度比值在1.02～1.31之间;在水泥掺入比较低,养护时间较短的条件下,围压的提高对水泥土强度增长的影响显著。
4、水泥土的变形模量结果表明,水泥掺入量的水泥土的变形模量随着水泥掺入比的增大而增大,当水泥掺入比较低时与变形模量的关系增长比较平缓;而养护龄期T=28d的试样变形模量平均达到龄期T=90d试样变形模量的75%左右。
5、水泥土的c值较原土样加固前提高了几百倍,?值也有很大的增长,平均增长到32.5°;水泥土应力—应变关系曲线一般表现为硬化型和软化型两种;水泥土试样的破坏形式有脆性剪切破坏、脆性张裂破坏及塑性剪切破坏。
6、应用有限元程序,可以很好地考虑初始地应力场,单元的接触和大变形等问题,利用单元生死功能成功地进行了挖方工程的模拟。
7、有限元模拟结果可以看出,水泥土防渗帷幕墙体的变形呈现明显的规律性,整个墙身的变形趋势可以为基坑边坡变形、稳定的预估提供参考。
8、墙体的应力计算结果表明,墙身出现应力分布与变形状态相对应,开挖过程中墙身应力均在较小的应力状态下;开挖过程中墙身底部是逐步向基坑内侧移动,墙身向基坑外侧产生一定偏转。
9、有限元模拟计算中,采用室内三轴试验结果作为水泥土的计算参数,模拟结果与实测位移比较接近,计算结果能够反映工程实际,可为实际工程的分析提供参考。
Cement mixing piles are often in a certain confining pressure environment as a retaining structure or diaphragm wall. The triaxial compression tests of cement stabilized soil can be more fitting to consider the actual pressure environment during its work. Thus, study on the mechanical properties of cement by using triaxial compression tests has very important practical significance.
The subject based on the third-lane shiplock's excavation of Shiqiao, Yangzhou. Selecting two kinds of the soil from the project (silty clay and silty sand), preparing a large number of cement-soil samples to carry out the triaxial compression tests. The cement ratio, curing age, moisture content, confining pressure and other factors, which can affect the mechanical properties of cement-soil, are mainly considered in the test. According to the test results, the cement stabilized soil stress-strain law was given. Simulating the stress and deformation of diaphragm wall during the excavation in Shiqiao third-lane shiplock project by the application of finite element software.The main achievement and conclusions can be given as follows:
1. Testing cement-soil samples in different cement ratio, different curing ages, different moisture content, different confining pressure and different kind of soil by triaxial compression tests. Analysing the effect of various factors on stress-strain relationship of cement-soil systematically, summing up the variation of cement-soil stress-strain relations.
2. The stress-strain curve of cement-soil show that the characteristics of samples have been changed from plastic to brittle with the cement ratio increased; elastic and brittle characteristics of the sample have been performanced significantly with the growth of curing age; different soil particles contained in original soil fundamentally affected the characteristics of cement-soil stress-strain relationship; the samples’plastic characteristic have been performanced significantly with the increase of confining pressure, and the residual strength improved with increasing of confining pressure.
3. The shear strength results of cement-soil show that the relationship between shear strength and cement ratio is roughly linear growthing; the early strength of cement-soil increased rapidly in curing; the relationship between shear strength and curing period increased logarithmically; with moisture content growth from 20%, 25% to 30%, the shear strength of samples increases gradually; intensity ratio between silty sand sample and silty clay sample is in 1.02 ~ 1.31; in the situation of low cement ratio and shorter curing, confining pressure was significantly affected the growth of shear strength.
4. Analysis the deformation modulus of cement-soil, we can find that deformation modulus of cement soil growth with the increasing of cement ratio, and it growth slowly in the situation of low cement ratio; while the curing age T=28d, the deformation modulus of sample can averagely reach to about 75% of T=90d's.
5. Value c increased hundreds of times than before; there is also a large growth in value? , it averagely increased to 32.5°; there are two ways of general performances, hardening and softening in the cement-soil stress-strain curves; samples damage in the form of brittle shear failure, brittle crack failure and plastic shear failure.
6. Problems such as initial stress field, element contact, large deformation, etc. can be well considered by using finite element software.And the element Birth/Death function can simulate the excavation works successfully.
7. From the simulate result we know that diaphragm wall show obvious regularity in its deformation. The deformation trend may provide reference on estimating deformation and stability of pit slope.
8. The stress results of wall show that the stress distribution is corresponded to the deformation. The wall was under the small stress level during the excavation. The bottom of wall moved gradually to the inside of pit, and deflected a little to the outside pit.
9. Using the triaxial compression test results of cement-soil as the parameters during the FEM calculation. The simulated results are very close to the measured results in displacement trends and the value range. It can reflect the actual project and provide practical reference for engineering analys.
本课题基于扬州施桥三线船闸基坑工程,选取该基坑工程中的两种土质(粉质粘土,粉砂),制备大量的水泥土试样,进行室内三轴试验。试验主要考虑土样水泥掺入比、养护龄期、含水率、围压等因素对水泥土力学性能的影响,分析试验数据,给出水泥土的应力—应变规律。应用有限元软件结合扬州施桥三线船闸基坑工程,模拟水泥土防渗帷幕在基坑开挖中的受力与变形情况。本文主要研究成果如下:
1、通过不同水泥掺入比、不同龄期、不同含水率、不同围压以及不同土质的水泥土试样的三轴试验,系统分析了各因素对水泥土的应力—应变关系的影响,总结了各影响因素下水泥土应力—应变关系的变化规律。
2、水泥土的应力—应变说明,提高水泥土的水泥掺入比使水泥土由塑性向脆性变化,弹性区域逐渐增大;养护龄期的增加也使得水泥土的弹性和脆性特征表现明显;被加固土质的差异也影响着水泥土的应力—应变特性;围压的增大使得水泥土的塑性特征更加明显,残余强度也随着围压的增大而明显提高。
3、水泥土三轴剪切试验结果表明,水泥土的剪切强度与水泥掺入比大致成线性增长关系;水泥土的前期强度增长较快,强度与养护龄期的关系呈对数上升;含水率从20%、25%到30%,试样的抗剪强度逐渐增大;粉砂试样与粉质粘土试样的强度比值在1.02～1.31之间;在水泥掺入比较低,养护时间较短的条件下,围压的提高对水泥土强度增长的影响显著。
4、水泥土的变形模量结果表明,水泥掺入量的水泥土的变形模量随着水泥掺入比的增大而增大,当水泥掺入比较低时与变形模量的关系增长比较平缓;而养护龄期T=28d的试样变形模量平均达到龄期T=90d试样变形模量的75%左右。
5、水泥土的c值较原土样加固前提高了几百倍,?值也有很大的增长,平均增长到32.5°;水泥土应力—应变关系曲线一般表现为硬化型和软化型两种;水泥土试样的破坏形式有脆性剪切破坏、脆性张裂破坏及塑性剪切破坏。
6、应用有限元程序,可以很好地考虑初始地应力场,单元的接触和大变形等问题,利用单元生死功能成功地进行了挖方工程的模拟。
7、有限元模拟结果可以看出,水泥土防渗帷幕墙体的变形呈现明显的规律性,整个墙身的变形趋势可以为基坑边坡变形、稳定的预估提供参考。
8、墙体的应力计算结果表明,墙身出现应力分布与变形状态相对应,开挖过程中墙身应力均在较小的应力状态下;开挖过程中墙身底部是逐步向基坑内侧移动,墙身向基坑外侧产生一定偏转。
9、有限元模拟计算中,采用室内三轴试验结果作为水泥土的计算参数,模拟结果与实测位移比较接近,计算结果能够反映工程实际,可为实际工程的分析提供参考。
Cement mixing piles are often in a certain confining pressure environment as a retaining structure or diaphragm wall. The triaxial compression tests of cement stabilized soil can be more fitting to consider the actual pressure environment during its work. Thus, study on the mechanical properties of cement by using triaxial compression tests has very important practical significance.
The subject based on the third-lane shiplock's excavation of Shiqiao, Yangzhou. Selecting two kinds of the soil from the project (silty clay and silty sand), preparing a large number of cement-soil samples to carry out the triaxial compression tests. The cement ratio, curing age, moisture content, confining pressure and other factors, which can affect the mechanical properties of cement-soil, are mainly considered in the test. According to the test results, the cement stabilized soil stress-strain law was given. Simulating the stress and deformation of diaphragm wall during the excavation in Shiqiao third-lane shiplock project by the application of finite element software.The main achievement and conclusions can be given as follows:
1. Testing cement-soil samples in different cement ratio, different curing ages, different moisture content, different confining pressure and different kind of soil by triaxial compression tests. Analysing the effect of various factors on stress-strain relationship of cement-soil systematically, summing up the variation of cement-soil stress-strain relations.
2. The stress-strain curve of cement-soil show that the characteristics of samples have been changed from plastic to brittle with the cement ratio increased; elastic and brittle characteristics of the sample have been performanced significantly with the growth of curing age; different soil particles contained in original soil fundamentally affected the characteristics of cement-soil stress-strain relationship; the samples’plastic characteristic have been performanced significantly with the increase of confining pressure, and the residual strength improved with increasing of confining pressure.
3. The shear strength results of cement-soil show that the relationship between shear strength and cement ratio is roughly linear growthing; the early strength of cement-soil increased rapidly in curing; the relationship between shear strength and curing period increased logarithmically; with moisture content growth from 20%, 25% to 30%, the shear strength of samples increases gradually; intensity ratio between silty sand sample and silty clay sample is in 1.02 ~ 1.31; in the situation of low cement ratio and shorter curing, confining pressure was significantly affected the growth of shear strength.
4. Analysis the deformation modulus of cement-soil, we can find that deformation modulus of cement soil growth with the increasing of cement ratio, and it growth slowly in the situation of low cement ratio; while the curing age T=28d, the deformation modulus of sample can averagely reach to about 75% of T=90d's.
5. Value c increased hundreds of times than before; there is also a large growth in value? , it averagely increased to 32.5°; there are two ways of general performances, hardening and softening in the cement-soil stress-strain curves; samples damage in the form of brittle shear failure, brittle crack failure and plastic shear failure.
6. Problems such as initial stress field, element contact, large deformation, etc. can be well considered by using finite element software.And the element Birth/Death function can simulate the excavation works successfully.
7. From the simulate result we know that diaphragm wall show obvious regularity in its deformation. The deformation trend may provide reference on estimating deformation and stability of pit slope.
8. The stress results of wall show that the stress distribution is corresponded to the deformation. The wall was under the small stress level during the excavation. The bottom of wall moved gradually to the inside of pit, and deflected a little to the outside pit.
9. Using the triaxial compression test results of cement-soil as the parameters during the FEM calculation. The simulated results are very close to the measured results in displacement trends and the value range. It can reflect the actual project and provide practical reference for engineering analys.
引文
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