甜樱桃冷链物流设施及贮藏保鲜技术研究
摘要
本文以引进的乌克兰甜樱桃品种‘友谊’和‘奇好’为试材,系统研究了甜樱桃果实贮藏保鲜、冷链物流和保鲜货架所必需的移动式多功能自动保鲜库的库体设计及其应用技术。
本文的主要研究结果如下:
1.研究开发了移动式多功能自动保鲜库,可完成果实从采收到销售的运转系统,为冷链物流提供新型贮运销保鲜设施,能够显著提高甜樱桃果实上市的优质高档商品率。移动式多功能自动保鲜库的整体保温结构无冷桥,热工指标≤9w/m2(国际标准≤10w/m2),热工性能优良;不需要拆装即可整体移动,可将甜樱桃的的田间预冷、保鲜运销和机动性冷藏以及保鲜货架等有机的结合起来。
2.研究了采收期对甜樱桃果实贮藏性能的影响。试验确定了两个乌克兰甜樱桃品种各自适宜贮藏的采收成熟度标准,可溶性固形物含量可以作为判断甜樱桃果实成熟度的重要参考指标。
3.试验进行了0.03mm、0.05mmPVC,0.04mmPE三种气调保鲜袋的贮藏对比试验,0.05mmPVC可保持较适宜的气体成分,袋内CO2浓度基本稳定在8～10%,接近理想气体指标,降低了贮期期甜樱桃果实的腐烂率并对果柄有一定保绿作用。不同的气调包装对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量影响不大,对果实的花青素和果柄叶绿素含量有较大影响。
4.研究了5种防腐杀菌保鲜剂对‘友谊’甜樱桃果实贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果显示:5种保鲜剂都有不同程度的保鲜防腐效果。2号保鲜剂4000×处理,贮藏60天后,腐烂率仅1%,贮藏效果最好。对照腐烂率为8.6%,腐烂率最高。
The experiments were carried out with sweet cherry fruit of cultivar‘Youyi’and‘Qihao’, which were introduced from Ukraine. Meanwhile, the manufacture and application of locomotive multifunctional chambers, which were used for storage of sweet cherry fruits, cold chain logistics and fresh-keeping goods shelf, were studied.
The main results in the paper were as follows:
1. The manufacture of locomotive multifunctional chambers, each of them could be used as fruit delivery system from harvest to sale separately, were developed as a new cold chain logistics facility for the storage of sweet cherry fruit. It was sure that the facility could improve the high quality rate of sweet cherry fruit significantly. There were no cold bridges in the whole structure of the locomotive multifunctional chamber, and thermal index was less than 9w/m2(international standard≦ 1 0 w/m2). Each set of chambers could be moved freely without detachment, and this combined rapid field precooling, fresh-keeping transportation and fresh-keeping goods shelf of sweet cherry fruit as an integrated unit.
2. The effect of harvesting time on storage properties of sweet cherry fruit was researched, and the suitable harvest maturity of the two Ukraine sweet cherry cultivars was identified in the experiment. It was suggested that total soluble solid (TSS) should be regarded as an important reference index for the prediction of harvesting time.
3. In this test, three kinds of membrane bag (PVC 0.03mm, PVC 0.05mm, PE 0.04mm) were comparatively researched. The results of experiment showed plastic bags made of 0.03mm PVC membrane could kept an appropriate gas composition. The content of CO2 in the bag reached 8-10%, which was very close to ideal gas condition. The decay rate of sweet cherry fruits decreased and chlorophyll in fruit stem keep fresh during storage period under such situation. The effect of anthocyanin content in the fruit and chlorophyll in fruit stem in different packages showed obvious differences, while there were no significant changes in total soluble solids and titratable acid content in fruit among different condition.
4. The effect of 5 different treatment with antiseptic to the refreshment of sweet cherry fruit‘Youyi’was also studied in the test. The results indicated there were different decreasing fruit rot rate by the treatment with antiseptic. No.2 preservative diluted to 1:4000 showed the best result with only 1% rot rate after 60 days of storage, while the rot rate of fruit in the control experiment was the highest up to 8.6%.
本文的主要研究结果如下:
1.研究开发了移动式多功能自动保鲜库,可完成果实从采收到销售的运转系统,为冷链物流提供新型贮运销保鲜设施,能够显著提高甜樱桃果实上市的优质高档商品率。移动式多功能自动保鲜库的整体保温结构无冷桥,热工指标≤9w/m2(国际标准≤10w/m2),热工性能优良;不需要拆装即可整体移动,可将甜樱桃的的田间预冷、保鲜运销和机动性冷藏以及保鲜货架等有机的结合起来。
2.研究了采收期对甜樱桃果实贮藏性能的影响。试验确定了两个乌克兰甜樱桃品种各自适宜贮藏的采收成熟度标准,可溶性固形物含量可以作为判断甜樱桃果实成熟度的重要参考指标。
3.试验进行了0.03mm、0.05mmPVC,0.04mmPE三种气调保鲜袋的贮藏对比试验,0.05mmPVC可保持较适宜的气体成分,袋内CO2浓度基本稳定在8～10%,接近理想气体指标,降低了贮期期甜樱桃果实的腐烂率并对果柄有一定保绿作用。不同的气调包装对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量影响不大,对果实的花青素和果柄叶绿素含量有较大影响。
4.研究了5种防腐杀菌保鲜剂对‘友谊’甜樱桃果实贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果显示:5种保鲜剂都有不同程度的保鲜防腐效果。2号保鲜剂4000×处理,贮藏60天后,腐烂率仅1%,贮藏效果最好。对照腐烂率为8.6%,腐烂率最高。
The experiments were carried out with sweet cherry fruit of cultivar‘Youyi’and‘Qihao’, which were introduced from Ukraine. Meanwhile, the manufacture and application of locomotive multifunctional chambers, which were used for storage of sweet cherry fruits, cold chain logistics and fresh-keeping goods shelf, were studied.
The main results in the paper were as follows:
1. The manufacture of locomotive multifunctional chambers, each of them could be used as fruit delivery system from harvest to sale separately, were developed as a new cold chain logistics facility for the storage of sweet cherry fruit. It was sure that the facility could improve the high quality rate of sweet cherry fruit significantly. There were no cold bridges in the whole structure of the locomotive multifunctional chamber, and thermal index was less than 9w/m2(international standard≦ 1 0 w/m2). Each set of chambers could be moved freely without detachment, and this combined rapid field precooling, fresh-keeping transportation and fresh-keeping goods shelf of sweet cherry fruit as an integrated unit.
2. The effect of harvesting time on storage properties of sweet cherry fruit was researched, and the suitable harvest maturity of the two Ukraine sweet cherry cultivars was identified in the experiment. It was suggested that total soluble solid (TSS) should be regarded as an important reference index for the prediction of harvesting time.
3. In this test, three kinds of membrane bag (PVC 0.03mm, PVC 0.05mm, PE 0.04mm) were comparatively researched. The results of experiment showed plastic bags made of 0.03mm PVC membrane could kept an appropriate gas composition. The content of CO2 in the bag reached 8-10%, which was very close to ideal gas condition. The decay rate of sweet cherry fruits decreased and chlorophyll in fruit stem keep fresh during storage period under such situation. The effect of anthocyanin content in the fruit and chlorophyll in fruit stem in different packages showed obvious differences, while there were no significant changes in total soluble solids and titratable acid content in fruit among different condition.
4. The effect of 5 different treatment with antiseptic to the refreshment of sweet cherry fruit‘Youyi’was also studied in the test. The results indicated there were different decreasing fruit rot rate by the treatment with antiseptic. No.2 preservative diluted to 1:4000 showed the best result with only 1% rot rate after 60 days of storage, while the rot rate of fruit in the control experiment was the highest up to 8.6%.
引文
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