高填方路基竖向应力分布规律研究
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摘要
进入21世纪以来,以山地为主的我国西部地区高速公路建设蓬勃发展,为了满足整体规划的要求以及充分利用由挖方和开挖隧道产生的废方,在高速公路修建时越来越多采用高填方路基形式。
目前国内外对高填方问题的研究主要集中在高填方涵洞上产生的土压力大小和高填方路基的沉降等方面,而对高填方土体在填筑过程以及使用过程中内部应力的分布规律研究较少,因而也就不能全面揭示高填方中的土拱效应及其分布规律。本文通过现场测试、理论分析和数值模拟等对高填方土体中竖向应力的分布及土拱效应进行了研究,主要工作包括以下几个方面的内容:
1.对重庆市重点工程金渝大道高填方路基的施工过程进行监控量测,在涵顶轴线位置处布设土压力盒以测定其涵顶竖向土压力,研究涵洞土压力大小随高填方路基填筑高度的变化规律。
2.建立高填方土体竖向应力计算的分析模型,由Bossinessq解推导出高填方竖向应力理论计算公式,并通过与现场实测数据的对比分析,对理论计算公式进行修正。
3.对不同边界形式、不同岸坡比、不同填料容重和是否设置涵洞等不同条件的高填方路基填筑过程进行有限元数值模拟,分析填筑过程、地形条件及涵洞等对高填方竖向应力分布的影响规律。
4.根据现场实测数据和数值模拟分析结果,研究高填方土拱效应产生的条件,涵洞及边界岩体对土拱效应在高填方不同部位产生的影响程度,提出充分利用高填方中土拱效应的相关建议。
Since the 21st century, the expressway construction in the mainly mountainous western region in China has come to flourishing development. In order to satisfy the whole plan and make full use of the earthwork from earth excavation and excavating tunnels, foundation forms of the high fill have been more and more used in the expressway construction.
So far the researches home and abroad on high fill problems mainly focus on the value of the soil pressure on the culvert of the high fill and the settlement of high fill subgrade and so on. However, because of the little researches on the stress distribution law in the high fill when the high fill is on filling process and using process, the arching effect and its distribution law can not be revealed overall. Through the field test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, vertical stress distribution in the high fill and arching effect are researched on, and main task contains the content as follows:
1. The construction process of high fill subgrade of Chongqing Jinyu Road was monitored which is the major project of Chongqing City. Soil pressure cells were lain out along the axis of the top of the culvert in order to measure the soil pressure on the culvert. The variation of the value of soil pressure on culvert following the filling height of the high fill subgrade is researched on.
2. After the analysis model of vertical stress calculation of the high fill is established, the theoretical calculation formula of the high fill is deduced from the solution of Bossinessq. And through the comparative analysis with the data from field test, the theoretical calculation formula is further modified.
3. The filling process of the high fill subgrade is numerically simulated under different boundary forms, different slope ratio, different density of high fill and whether a culvert is existed. And the influence law of vertical stress in the high fill due to filling processes, topographic conditions and the culver is analyzed.
4. Based on the data from field test and the analysis results from numerical simulation, the influence degree of soil arching effect in different position of the high fill is researched on. And due to generation condition of soil arching effect in the high fill, the culvert and boundary rock mass, the relevant suggestions of making full use of soil arching effect in the high fill are provided.
目前国内外对高填方问题的研究主要集中在高填方涵洞上产生的土压力大小和高填方路基的沉降等方面,而对高填方土体在填筑过程以及使用过程中内部应力的分布规律研究较少,因而也就不能全面揭示高填方中的土拱效应及其分布规律。本文通过现场测试、理论分析和数值模拟等对高填方土体中竖向应力的分布及土拱效应进行了研究,主要工作包括以下几个方面的内容:
1.对重庆市重点工程金渝大道高填方路基的施工过程进行监控量测,在涵顶轴线位置处布设土压力盒以测定其涵顶竖向土压力,研究涵洞土压力大小随高填方路基填筑高度的变化规律。
2.建立高填方土体竖向应力计算的分析模型,由Bossinessq解推导出高填方竖向应力理论计算公式,并通过与现场实测数据的对比分析,对理论计算公式进行修正。
3.对不同边界形式、不同岸坡比、不同填料容重和是否设置涵洞等不同条件的高填方路基填筑过程进行有限元数值模拟,分析填筑过程、地形条件及涵洞等对高填方竖向应力分布的影响规律。
4.根据现场实测数据和数值模拟分析结果,研究高填方土拱效应产生的条件,涵洞及边界岩体对土拱效应在高填方不同部位产生的影响程度,提出充分利用高填方中土拱效应的相关建议。
Since the 21st century, the expressway construction in the mainly mountainous western region in China has come to flourishing development. In order to satisfy the whole plan and make full use of the earthwork from earth excavation and excavating tunnels, foundation forms of the high fill have been more and more used in the expressway construction.
So far the researches home and abroad on high fill problems mainly focus on the value of the soil pressure on the culvert of the high fill and the settlement of high fill subgrade and so on. However, because of the little researches on the stress distribution law in the high fill when the high fill is on filling process and using process, the arching effect and its distribution law can not be revealed overall. Through the field test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, vertical stress distribution in the high fill and arching effect are researched on, and main task contains the content as follows:
1. The construction process of high fill subgrade of Chongqing Jinyu Road was monitored which is the major project of Chongqing City. Soil pressure cells were lain out along the axis of the top of the culvert in order to measure the soil pressure on the culvert. The variation of the value of soil pressure on culvert following the filling height of the high fill subgrade is researched on.
2. After the analysis model of vertical stress calculation of the high fill is established, the theoretical calculation formula of the high fill is deduced from the solution of Bossinessq. And through the comparative analysis with the data from field test, the theoretical calculation formula is further modified.
3. The filling process of the high fill subgrade is numerically simulated under different boundary forms, different slope ratio, different density of high fill and whether a culvert is existed. And the influence law of vertical stress in the high fill due to filling processes, topographic conditions and the culver is analyzed.
4. Based on the data from field test and the analysis results from numerical simulation, the influence degree of soil arching effect in different position of the high fill is researched on. And due to generation condition of soil arching effect in the high fill, the culvert and boundary rock mass, the relevant suggestions of making full use of soil arching effect in the high fill are provided.
引文
[1]池淑兰,孔书祥.路基工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准.JTG D30-2004.公路路基设计规范.北京:交通人民出版社,2004.
[3]资建民.路基路面工程[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002.
[4]刘建坤,曾巧玲,侯永峰.路基工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[5]李峻利,姚代禄.路基设计原理与计算[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[6]李加林,刘孟良.桥涵设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[7]经晓晔.我国高速公路发展的历史和现状[N].中国交通报,2005-01-18.
[8]张炜,李家绪,包洵.盖板涵上填土高度分析[J].公路,2001(9):35—37
[9] Newmark ,N.M., The Basis of Current Critiera for the Design of Underground Protective Construction ,Proceedings, Symposium on Soil-Structural Interaction, Tucson ,Ariz ., Sept. 1964.
[10]林选青.高填土下结构物的竖向土压力及结构设计计算方法[J].土木工程学报,1989(4):27—37.
[11]韩栓全.高填方涵洞设计探讨[J].太原科技,2001(5):47—48.
[12]刘燕,燕金玉.高填土涵洞地基承载力影响因素初探[J].山西交通科技,2000(6):32—34.
[13]湿智勇.高填路基涵洞沉降处理[J].山西交通科技.2000(2):2524—2527.
[14]折学森.路基涵洞的土压力计算[J].中国公路学报.1992(3):72—79.
[15]顾安全.上埋式管道及洞室垂直土压力的研究[J].岩土工程学报.1981(1):3—15.
[16]黄清猷.填埋式地下圆形结构物周边土压力分布的有限元解[J].土木工程学报.1982(3):52—62.
[17]鲁瑞林,张永兴,王桂林,胡居义.山区高填涵顶垂直土压力现场测试及计算研究[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(12):71—73.
[18]杨锡武,张永兴.山区公路高填方涵洞的成拱效应及土压力计算理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3887-3893.
[19]鲁瑞林.高路堤分层填筑作用下涵洞拱顶竖向土压力研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.
[20]杨锡武.山区公路高填方涵洞土压力理论及加筋减载研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.
[21]林选青.高填土下结构物的竖向土压力及结构设计计算方法[J].土木工程学报,1989,(4):27—37.
[22] Getzler,Z.,Komovnik,A.,and Mazurik,A.,Modle Study on Arching Above Buried Structure,Journal of the Soil and Foundation Division,ASCE,Vol.94,No.,SM5,Sept.1968.
[23] Lusher,U.,and Hoeg,K.,The Benificial Action of the Surrounding Soil on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Burring Tubes,Prceedings of the 1964 Syposium on Soil-Structure Interactiont held at Tucson,Ariz,1964.
[24]г.K.克列因著,陈万佳译.散粒体结构力学[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.7.
[25] C. Gary Kellogg,The Arch in Soil Arching,ASCE,March,185,vol,111,No3
[26] Kingsley Marrop-Williams,Arch in Soil Arching,ASCE,March 14,1988.
[27] Handy,R.L.,The Igloo and the Naturel Bridge as Ultimate Structures,Arctic,Vol.26,No.4,Dec.1973.
[28] Jaky,J.,Pressure in Soil,Prceedings of the Second International Conferrence on Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering,Vol.1,No.1948.
[29] Kobakhidze,A.F.,Form of the Diagram of Backfill Pressure on a Retaining Wall,Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering,Vol.14,No.1,Jan.1977.
[30] Wang,W. L.,and Yen,B.C.,Soil Arching In Slope,Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,Vol.100,No.,GT1,Jan.1974.
[31] Handy,R.L.,The Arch in soil arching,J. Geotech Engrg. Div.,ASCE,Vol.111,1985.
[32] Walker,D.M.,An Approximate Theory for Pressure and Arching in Hoppers,Chemical Engineering Science,Vol.21.1966.
[33] Vilnay,O.,Buckling of Masory Archs,Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,Parts 2,Vol.77,1984.
[34] Pippard,A.J.S.,and Chitty,L.,A Study of the Voussoir Arch,National Building Studys Research Paper,Building Research Station,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,No. 11,1951.
[35]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[36]水利电力部第五工程局,水利电力部东北勘测设计院编著.土坝设计[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1978.
[37]李忠诚,杨敏.被动桩计算模式及考虑土拱效应的计算方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(7):893—898.
[38]张建勋,陈福全,简洪钰.被动桩中土拱效应问题的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2):174—184.
[39]李海深.土工建筑中的土拱效应[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1990,5(2):164—168.
[40]邢文书.涵洞作用影响下的分层填筑高路堤的自身沉降规律研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.
[41]华南理工大学,东南大学,浙江大学,湖南大学编.地基及基础(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[42]朱凡,胡岱文.土力学.[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2005.
[43]龚晓南.高等土力学.[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1998.
[44]杨大地,徐光裕.数值分析[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2006.
[45]徐萃薇.计算方法引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[46]太原东山过境高速公路高填土路基现场试验资料,1997.
[47]孙锦标.石拱涵的病害分析及预防[J].林业建设,2004:36-38.
[48]徐林荣,牛建东,吕大伟.高速铁路软基路堤基底接触应力试验研究[J].路基工程,2006(2):41—43
[49]马亢,徐进,高春玉.土石路堤填筑应力形变场的特征规律研究[J].路基工程,2006(6):25—28
[50]刘巍,李福兴.高填方地基位移和应力分布的有限元分析[J].山西建筑,2004,30(6):44—45
[51]张志清,苏燕,金江.黄土加筋路堤试验路段应力变形分析[J].铁道建筑,2007(8):58—61
[52]潘学政,吴明,陈汉良.桩-网路堤位移应力分析及其应用[J].海洋学研究,2007,25(2):57—62
[53]赵晓磊.应力路径法实现高填方软土的加固与优化[J].安阳师范学院学报,2004(5):130—132
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准.JTG D30-2004.公路路基设计规范.北京:交通人民出版社,2004.
[3]资建民.路基路面工程[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002.
[4]刘建坤,曾巧玲,侯永峰.路基工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[5]李峻利,姚代禄.路基设计原理与计算[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[6]李加林,刘孟良.桥涵设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[7]经晓晔.我国高速公路发展的历史和现状[N].中国交通报,2005-01-18.
[8]张炜,李家绪,包洵.盖板涵上填土高度分析[J].公路,2001(9):35—37
[9] Newmark ,N.M., The Basis of Current Critiera for the Design of Underground Protective Construction ,Proceedings, Symposium on Soil-Structural Interaction, Tucson ,Ariz ., Sept. 1964.
[10]林选青.高填土下结构物的竖向土压力及结构设计计算方法[J].土木工程学报,1989(4):27—37.
[11]韩栓全.高填方涵洞设计探讨[J].太原科技,2001(5):47—48.
[12]刘燕,燕金玉.高填土涵洞地基承载力影响因素初探[J].山西交通科技,2000(6):32—34.
[13]湿智勇.高填路基涵洞沉降处理[J].山西交通科技.2000(2):2524—2527.
[14]折学森.路基涵洞的土压力计算[J].中国公路学报.1992(3):72—79.
[15]顾安全.上埋式管道及洞室垂直土压力的研究[J].岩土工程学报.1981(1):3—15.
[16]黄清猷.填埋式地下圆形结构物周边土压力分布的有限元解[J].土木工程学报.1982(3):52—62.
[17]鲁瑞林,张永兴,王桂林,胡居义.山区高填涵顶垂直土压力现场测试及计算研究[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(12):71—73.
[18]杨锡武,张永兴.山区公路高填方涵洞的成拱效应及土压力计算理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3887-3893.
[19]鲁瑞林.高路堤分层填筑作用下涵洞拱顶竖向土压力研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.
[20]杨锡武.山区公路高填方涵洞土压力理论及加筋减载研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.
[21]林选青.高填土下结构物的竖向土压力及结构设计计算方法[J].土木工程学报,1989,(4):27—37.
[22] Getzler,Z.,Komovnik,A.,and Mazurik,A.,Modle Study on Arching Above Buried Structure,Journal of the Soil and Foundation Division,ASCE,Vol.94,No.,SM5,Sept.1968.
[23] Lusher,U.,and Hoeg,K.,The Benificial Action of the Surrounding Soil on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Burring Tubes,Prceedings of the 1964 Syposium on Soil-Structure Interactiont held at Tucson,Ariz,1964.
[24]г.K.克列因著,陈万佳译.散粒体结构力学[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.7.
[25] C. Gary Kellogg,The Arch in Soil Arching,ASCE,March,185,vol,111,No3
[26] Kingsley Marrop-Williams,Arch in Soil Arching,ASCE,March 14,1988.
[27] Handy,R.L.,The Igloo and the Naturel Bridge as Ultimate Structures,Arctic,Vol.26,No.4,Dec.1973.
[28] Jaky,J.,Pressure in Soil,Prceedings of the Second International Conferrence on Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering,Vol.1,No.1948.
[29] Kobakhidze,A.F.,Form of the Diagram of Backfill Pressure on a Retaining Wall,Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering,Vol.14,No.1,Jan.1977.
[30] Wang,W. L.,and Yen,B.C.,Soil Arching In Slope,Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,Vol.100,No.,GT1,Jan.1974.
[31] Handy,R.L.,The Arch in soil arching,J. Geotech Engrg. Div.,ASCE,Vol.111,1985.
[32] Walker,D.M.,An Approximate Theory for Pressure and Arching in Hoppers,Chemical Engineering Science,Vol.21.1966.
[33] Vilnay,O.,Buckling of Masory Archs,Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,Parts 2,Vol.77,1984.
[34] Pippard,A.J.S.,and Chitty,L.,A Study of the Voussoir Arch,National Building Studys Research Paper,Building Research Station,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,No. 11,1951.
[35]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[36]水利电力部第五工程局,水利电力部东北勘测设计院编著.土坝设计[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1978.
[37]李忠诚,杨敏.被动桩计算模式及考虑土拱效应的计算方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(7):893—898.
[38]张建勋,陈福全,简洪钰.被动桩中土拱效应问题的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2):174—184.
[39]李海深.土工建筑中的土拱效应[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1990,5(2):164—168.
[40]邢文书.涵洞作用影响下的分层填筑高路堤的自身沉降规律研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.
[41]华南理工大学,东南大学,浙江大学,湖南大学编.地基及基础(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[42]朱凡,胡岱文.土力学.[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2005.
[43]龚晓南.高等土力学.[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1998.
[44]杨大地,徐光裕.数值分析[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2006.
[45]徐萃薇.计算方法引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[46]太原东山过境高速公路高填土路基现场试验资料,1997.
[47]孙锦标.石拱涵的病害分析及预防[J].林业建设,2004:36-38.
[48]徐林荣,牛建东,吕大伟.高速铁路软基路堤基底接触应力试验研究[J].路基工程,2006(2):41—43
[49]马亢,徐进,高春玉.土石路堤填筑应力形变场的特征规律研究[J].路基工程,2006(6):25—28
[50]刘巍,李福兴.高填方地基位移和应力分布的有限元分析[J].山西建筑,2004,30(6):44—45
[51]张志清,苏燕,金江.黄土加筋路堤试验路段应力变形分析[J].铁道建筑,2007(8):58—61
[52]潘学政,吴明,陈汉良.桩-网路堤位移应力分析及其应用[J].海洋学研究,2007,25(2):57—62
[53]赵晓磊.应力路径法实现高填方软土的加固与优化[J].安阳师范学院学报,2004(5):130—132