基于GIS的南水北调中线工程河南受水区水资源优化配置决策支持系统研究
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摘要
南水北调中线工程河南段受水区水资源优化配置是当地水资源、外调水资源统一、高效、科学管理与调度的基础,本文以水资源优化配置为核心,建立了基于GIS的南水北调中线工程水资源优化配置决策支持系统。
论文主要研究了以下三个方面内容:(1)以可持续发展为模型建立的基本原则、以各受水区水资源二次供需平衡为基础,建立南水北调河南段受水区水资源优化配置模型。该模型变量众多,并存在关联约束,具有一般水资源优化配置模型的共同点,又有其特殊性。(2)探讨大系统分解协调技术、交互式多目标求解模型和改进的遗传算法相结合的优化配置模型求解方法。在多目标的处理上,本文提出了基于极值的交互式多目标决策方法,该方法简单、直观、可操作性强,同时考虑了单目标重要程度、单目标满意度、整体目标协调度、决策者参与决策等优点。对通过转换得到的单目标问题采用改进的遗传算法求解,论文对遗传算法的最大的改进是在其中加入了一个基本过程-修正,使遗传算法具有了天然-人工二元结构,从系统的观点来看是合理的。具体实现中,应用搜索种群、参考种群协同进化,在搜索种群中引入不可行度、阈值等概念控制不可解的个数。(3)使用VB+ArcEngine建立了基于GIS的南水北调中线工程水资源优化配置决策支持系统,首次把ArcGIS的网络模型引入到水资源优化配置系统的建立中,真正发挥了GIS的空间分析功能,实现了地理模型和专业模型的无缝结合。
It is the basis of unification, high efficiency, management, and scheduling with local water resources and transferring to other localities water resources for Optimal allocation of water resources of the water-received areas in He nan of the middle route of south to North Water Transferring Projection. As the most important part, a GIS-based decision support system (DSS) for optimal allocation of water resources of the middle route of South to North Water Transferring Projection is built.Three mainly problems are researched in this paper, as follows:
One, the model of Optimal allocation of water resources of the water-received areas in He nan of the middle route of south to North Water Transferring Projection is built by the basis principle of sustained development and the water resources balance of second supply and need with all water received areas. With many relative variables, it has itself particular parts as well as other similar optimal allocation models of water recourses.Two, the method that the technology of large-scale system decomposition-coordination, interactive multi-objective model and improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) are combined is discussed. For the disposal methods of multi-objective problems, a interactive multi-objective decision-making method, which has some advantages such as simplicity, intuitionistic and good maneuverability and includes single objective important degree, single objective satisfaction degree, whole objective coordination degree and policy-maker, based on extremum is proposed.
Single objective problems that are obtained by the way of transforming are solved by improved GA. A basic process, also called amending, is added into GA, which makes it has natural-manual binary structure and is considered to be reasonable from the point of view of system. By use of search populations cooperating with reference population to evolve, the conception, such as infeasible degree and threshold value, etc. is used into search populations to control the amount of unsolved values.
GIS-based decision support system for optimal allocation of water resources of the middle route of South to North Water Transferring Projection is established by the use of VB and ArcEngine. The DSS is first introduced into the web model of ArcGIS. It makes the functions of space analysis of GIS and geography model and expert model seamless combination.
论文主要研究了以下三个方面内容:(1)以可持续发展为模型建立的基本原则、以各受水区水资源二次供需平衡为基础,建立南水北调河南段受水区水资源优化配置模型。该模型变量众多,并存在关联约束,具有一般水资源优化配置模型的共同点,又有其特殊性。(2)探讨大系统分解协调技术、交互式多目标求解模型和改进的遗传算法相结合的优化配置模型求解方法。在多目标的处理上,本文提出了基于极值的交互式多目标决策方法,该方法简单、直观、可操作性强,同时考虑了单目标重要程度、单目标满意度、整体目标协调度、决策者参与决策等优点。对通过转换得到的单目标问题采用改进的遗传算法求解,论文对遗传算法的最大的改进是在其中加入了一个基本过程-修正,使遗传算法具有了天然-人工二元结构,从系统的观点来看是合理的。具体实现中,应用搜索种群、参考种群协同进化,在搜索种群中引入不可行度、阈值等概念控制不可解的个数。(3)使用VB+ArcEngine建立了基于GIS的南水北调中线工程水资源优化配置决策支持系统,首次把ArcGIS的网络模型引入到水资源优化配置系统的建立中,真正发挥了GIS的空间分析功能,实现了地理模型和专业模型的无缝结合。
It is the basis of unification, high efficiency, management, and scheduling with local water resources and transferring to other localities water resources for Optimal allocation of water resources of the water-received areas in He nan of the middle route of south to North Water Transferring Projection. As the most important part, a GIS-based decision support system (DSS) for optimal allocation of water resources of the middle route of South to North Water Transferring Projection is built.Three mainly problems are researched in this paper, as follows:
One, the model of Optimal allocation of water resources of the water-received areas in He nan of the middle route of south to North Water Transferring Projection is built by the basis principle of sustained development and the water resources balance of second supply and need with all water received areas. With many relative variables, it has itself particular parts as well as other similar optimal allocation models of water recourses.Two, the method that the technology of large-scale system decomposition-coordination, interactive multi-objective model and improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) are combined is discussed. For the disposal methods of multi-objective problems, a interactive multi-objective decision-making method, which has some advantages such as simplicity, intuitionistic and good maneuverability and includes single objective important degree, single objective satisfaction degree, whole objective coordination degree and policy-maker, based on extremum is proposed.
Single objective problems that are obtained by the way of transforming are solved by improved GA. A basic process, also called amending, is added into GA, which makes it has natural-manual binary structure and is considered to be reasonable from the point of view of system. By use of search populations cooperating with reference population to evolve, the conception, such as infeasible degree and threshold value, etc. is used into search populations to control the amount of unsolved values.
GIS-based decision support system for optimal allocation of water resources of the middle route of South to North Water Transferring Projection is established by the use of VB and ArcEngine. The DSS is first introduced into the web model of ArcGIS. It makes the functions of space analysis of GIS and geography model and expert model seamless combination.
引文
[1] 王顺久,侯玉,张欣莉,丁晶,中国水资源优化配置研究的进展与展望[J],水利发展研究,2002年第 9 期
[2] 南水北调中线一期工程河南省受水区城市供水配套工程规划[M],河南省水利勘测设计院,2004年 10 月
[3] 李进霞,当前我国水资源的优化配置研究[J],科技创业,2004 年第 8 期
[4] 李雪萍,国内外水资源配置研究概述,水资源,2002 年第 5 期
[5] 尤样输,谢新民,孙仕军,王浩,我国水资源配置模型研究现状与展望[J],中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004 年 6 月
[6] Kozlowski J.Threshold Approach in Urban.Regional and Environmental Planning:Theory and Practice.St.lucia.(Queenland,Australia):University of Queenland Press,1986
[7] Jiang Wenlai et,all..Studies on the controlling of Sewage discharge by means of price management.IAIA,1993
[8] Floy G.Economic sustainability and preservation of environmental assets.Environmental Managenent,1990
[9] 许新宜,王浩,甘汛,等,华北地区宏观经济水资源规划理论与方法[M],黄河水利出版社,1997
[10] 甘泓,尹明万,等,河北省邯郸市水资源规划管理决策支持系统应用研究[R],中国水利水电科学研究院,1998
[11] 谢新民,秦大庸,于福亮,等,宁夏水资源优化配置模型与方案分析[J],中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2000
[12] 王浩,秦大庸,王建华,等,黄淮海流域水资源合理配置[M],科学出版社,2003
[13] 王劲峰,刘吕明,等,区际调水时空优化配置理论模型探讨[J],水利学报,2001
[14] 王浩,秦大庸,王建华,流域水资源规划的系统观与方法论[J],水利学报,2002
[15] 贺北方,周丽,等,基于遗传算法的区域水资源优化配置模型[J],水电能源科学,2002
[16] 赵建世,王忠静,翁文斌,水资源复杂适应配置系统的理论与模型[J],地理学报,2002
[17] Wachowicz M, Healey R C. Toward temporality in GIS, innovation in GIS.London: Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1994
[18] Desmer,P.J.J.,and G.Govers.A GIS Procedure for Automatically Calculating the USLE LS Factor on Topographically Complex Landscape Units.J.Soil and Wate Cons,1996
[19] P. A Burough(1998). Dynamic Modeling and Geo – computation in Environmental Modeling. In GIS reader. D. karssenberg & P. A. Burrough(eds.) Faculty of Geographical Sciences , Utrecht University, The Netherlands , 1998
[20] Sage A.P.Decision Support System Engineering.A Wiley-IntersciencePublication.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1991
[21] Coppock J T, Rhind D W. The history of GIS, geographic information system. London: Longman Inc,1991
[22] Maguire D.J. An overview and definition of GIS,geographic information system. London: Longman Inc, 1991
[23] Egenhofer M.J., Herring J R. Advances in spatial databases.In: Proceedings of 4th Int Symposium on SSD'95. [s.l.]: Springer Inc, 1995
[24] 崔家骏等,黄河防洪防凌决策支持系统研究与开发[M],黄河水利出版社,1998
[25] 宫辉力,郑州市水资源管理决策支持系统的设计与构成[J],长春地质学院学报,1997
[26] 吴泉源,龙口市水资源环境管理决策支持系统构建研究[J],地理科学,2001 年 10 月
[27] 李门楼,胡成,陈植华,河北平原区域地下水资源决策支持系统设计与开发[J],中国地质大学学报,2002 年 3 月
[28] 王晓峰,关中地区大型灌区信息管理决策支持系统应用研究[J],中国生态农业学报,2002 年 9月
[29] 曾宪波,水资源管理决策支持系统总体构想[J],人民珠江,2002 年第 4 期
[30] 陈森林,印瑞田,万海斌,李兴学,全国水库防洪调度决策支持系统[J],水力发电,2003
[31] 田忠禄等,南水北调工程输水调度管理和决策支持系统的技术集成研究[J],水利水电技术,2004
[32] 甘治国等,济南黄河防汛指挥调度决策支持系统[J],南水北调与水利科技,2004
[33] 张德民等,水库防洪、供水调度决策支持系统软件设计[J],计算机应用,2004
[34] 崔宝侠,刘羽等,基于 GIS 平台的辽河水资源综合评价中 DSS 的研究[J],沈阳工业大学学报,2003 年 2 月
[35] 郑晓阳,俞立中,杨萌等,基于 SDSS 的上海城市防汛决策支持研究[J],华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004 年 9 月
[36] 刘青勇等,基于 GIS 的青岛市水资源信息管理与辅助决策支持系统[J],山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003
[37] 阮仕平等,基于 GIS 的铜川新区水环境管理决策支持系统研究[J],干旱区资源与环境,2003年 9 月
[38] 王小平,曹立明.遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现[M],西安交通大学出版社
[39] 周明等,遗传算法原理与应用[M],国防工业出版社
[40] 李敏强等,遗传算法的基本理论与应用[M],科学出版社
[41] 王跃宣等,处理带约束的多目标优化进化算法[J],2004
[42] 王跃宣等,求解约束优化问题的退火遗传算法[J],高技术通讯,2004 年 7 月
[43] 李小玲、袁继敏,一种新的遗传算法求解约束优化问题[J],湖北工学院学报,2004 年 8 月
[44] Michalewicz Z,Nazhiyath G. Genocop Ⅲ:A Co—evo1utionaryA1gorlthm for Numerlcal Optimtzation Problems with Nonlinear Constraints [C],Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE IntemationalConference on Evolutionary Computation,1995
[45] 刘晓平等,基于可行解搜索法和遗传算法的堆芯参数优化[J],系统仿真学报,2004
[46] Wayne S. Freeze. Visual Basic 开发指南 COM 和 COM+篇[M],电子工业出版社,2000
[47] Exploring ArcObjects[M,ESRI,2002
[48] ArcObjects Object Model Diagrams[M],ESRI,2002
[49] 赵万锋,刘 南,刘仁义,王 洁,基于 ArcObjects 的系统开发技术剖析[J],计算机应用研究,2004
[50] ArcGIS Desktop Developer Guide,ESRI,2004
[51] ArcEngine Object Model Diagrams[M],ESRI,2004
[52] 中国通讯--ArcGIS9 新一代空间服务解决方案巡展专刊[M],ESRI 中国(北京)有限公司,2003
[53] 朱政, ArcGIS Engine 的开发与部署[M],ESRI 中国(北京)有限公司,2004
[54] 耿玉磊等,多目标优化的求解方法与发展[J],制造及自动化,2003
[55] 谢涛等,多目标演化的进化算法[J],计算机学报,2003 年 8 月
[56] 姚新胜等,基于广义满意度原理的多目标优化理论研究[J],2003 年 9 月
[57] 徐泽水,一种交互式多目标决策新方法[J],系统工程理论与实践,2002 年 2 月
[58] 王顺久等,交互式多目标决策新方法及其在水资源系统规划中的应用[J],水科学进展,2003年 7 月
[2] 南水北调中线一期工程河南省受水区城市供水配套工程规划[M],河南省水利勘测设计院,2004年 10 月
[3] 李进霞,当前我国水资源的优化配置研究[J],科技创业,2004 年第 8 期
[4] 李雪萍,国内外水资源配置研究概述,水资源,2002 年第 5 期
[5] 尤样输,谢新民,孙仕军,王浩,我国水资源配置模型研究现状与展望[J],中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004 年 6 月
[6] Kozlowski J.Threshold Approach in Urban.Regional and Environmental Planning:Theory and Practice.St.lucia.(Queenland,Australia):University of Queenland Press,1986
[7] Jiang Wenlai et,all..Studies on the controlling of Sewage discharge by means of price management.IAIA,1993
[8] Floy G.Economic sustainability and preservation of environmental assets.Environmental Managenent,1990
[9] 许新宜,王浩,甘汛,等,华北地区宏观经济水资源规划理论与方法[M],黄河水利出版社,1997
[10] 甘泓,尹明万,等,河北省邯郸市水资源规划管理决策支持系统应用研究[R],中国水利水电科学研究院,1998
[11] 谢新民,秦大庸,于福亮,等,宁夏水资源优化配置模型与方案分析[J],中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2000
[12] 王浩,秦大庸,王建华,等,黄淮海流域水资源合理配置[M],科学出版社,2003
[13] 王劲峰,刘吕明,等,区际调水时空优化配置理论模型探讨[J],水利学报,2001
[14] 王浩,秦大庸,王建华,流域水资源规划的系统观与方法论[J],水利学报,2002
[15] 贺北方,周丽,等,基于遗传算法的区域水资源优化配置模型[J],水电能源科学,2002
[16] 赵建世,王忠静,翁文斌,水资源复杂适应配置系统的理论与模型[J],地理学报,2002
[17] Wachowicz M, Healey R C. Toward temporality in GIS, innovation in GIS.London: Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1994
[18] Desmer,P.J.J.,and G.Govers.A GIS Procedure for Automatically Calculating the USLE LS Factor on Topographically Complex Landscape Units.J.Soil and Wate Cons,1996
[19] P. A Burough(1998). Dynamic Modeling and Geo – computation in Environmental Modeling. In GIS reader. D. karssenberg & P. A. Burrough(eds.) Faculty of Geographical Sciences , Utrecht University, The Netherlands , 1998
[20] Sage A.P.Decision Support System Engineering.A Wiley-IntersciencePublication.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1991
[21] Coppock J T, Rhind D W. The history of GIS, geographic information system. London: Longman Inc,1991
[22] Maguire D.J. An overview and definition of GIS,geographic information system. London: Longman Inc, 1991
[23] Egenhofer M.J., Herring J R. Advances in spatial databases.In: Proceedings of 4th Int Symposium on SSD'95. [s.l.]: Springer Inc, 1995
[24] 崔家骏等,黄河防洪防凌决策支持系统研究与开发[M],黄河水利出版社,1998
[25] 宫辉力,郑州市水资源管理决策支持系统的设计与构成[J],长春地质学院学报,1997
[26] 吴泉源,龙口市水资源环境管理决策支持系统构建研究[J],地理科学,2001 年 10 月
[27] 李门楼,胡成,陈植华,河北平原区域地下水资源决策支持系统设计与开发[J],中国地质大学学报,2002 年 3 月
[28] 王晓峰,关中地区大型灌区信息管理决策支持系统应用研究[J],中国生态农业学报,2002 年 9月
[29] 曾宪波,水资源管理决策支持系统总体构想[J],人民珠江,2002 年第 4 期
[30] 陈森林,印瑞田,万海斌,李兴学,全国水库防洪调度决策支持系统[J],水力发电,2003
[31] 田忠禄等,南水北调工程输水调度管理和决策支持系统的技术集成研究[J],水利水电技术,2004
[32] 甘治国等,济南黄河防汛指挥调度决策支持系统[J],南水北调与水利科技,2004
[33] 张德民等,水库防洪、供水调度决策支持系统软件设计[J],计算机应用,2004
[34] 崔宝侠,刘羽等,基于 GIS 平台的辽河水资源综合评价中 DSS 的研究[J],沈阳工业大学学报,2003 年 2 月
[35] 郑晓阳,俞立中,杨萌等,基于 SDSS 的上海城市防汛决策支持研究[J],华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004 年 9 月
[36] 刘青勇等,基于 GIS 的青岛市水资源信息管理与辅助决策支持系统[J],山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003
[37] 阮仕平等,基于 GIS 的铜川新区水环境管理决策支持系统研究[J],干旱区资源与环境,2003年 9 月
[38] 王小平,曹立明.遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现[M],西安交通大学出版社
[39] 周明等,遗传算法原理与应用[M],国防工业出版社
[40] 李敏强等,遗传算法的基本理论与应用[M],科学出版社
[41] 王跃宣等,处理带约束的多目标优化进化算法[J],2004
[42] 王跃宣等,求解约束优化问题的退火遗传算法[J],高技术通讯,2004 年 7 月
[43] 李小玲、袁继敏,一种新的遗传算法求解约束优化问题[J],湖北工学院学报,2004 年 8 月
[44] Michalewicz Z,Nazhiyath G. Genocop Ⅲ:A Co—evo1utionaryA1gorlthm for Numerlcal Optimtzation Problems with Nonlinear Constraints [C],Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE IntemationalConference on Evolutionary Computation,1995
[45] 刘晓平等,基于可行解搜索法和遗传算法的堆芯参数优化[J],系统仿真学报,2004
[46] Wayne S. Freeze. Visual Basic 开发指南 COM 和 COM+篇[M],电子工业出版社,2000
[47] Exploring ArcObjects[M,ESRI,2002
[48] ArcObjects Object Model Diagrams[M],ESRI,2002
[49] 赵万锋,刘 南,刘仁义,王 洁,基于 ArcObjects 的系统开发技术剖析[J],计算机应用研究,2004
[50] ArcGIS Desktop Developer Guide,ESRI,2004
[51] ArcEngine Object Model Diagrams[M],ESRI,2004
[52] 中国通讯--ArcGIS9 新一代空间服务解决方案巡展专刊[M],ESRI 中国(北京)有限公司,2003
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