基于RFID技术的仓储物流自动化系统的关键技术
摘要
射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification,简称RFID),作为一种快速、实时、准确采集与处理信息的高新技术和信息标准化的技术,被列为二十一世纪十大重要技术之一。作为通过对实体对象(包括零售商品、物流单元、集装箱、货运包装、生产零部件等)进行唯一有效标识的一种非接触式自动识别技术,RFID被广泛应用于生产、零售、物流、交通等各个行业。RFID技术已逐渐成为企业提高物流供应链管理水平,降低成本,实现企业管理信息化,增强企业核心竞争能力不可缺少的技术工具和手段。本论文通过理论分析、仿真等方法,研究了RFID技术在仓储物流应用中解决的关键技术。
首先分析了RFID系统研究中应用的主要理论基础。包括对读写器结构中的射频模块,读写模块及读写器软件部分中的解码器、控制软件、导入软件等进行了分析。探讨了相关电磁波传播理论,包括数据传输原理中的读写器到电子标签的能量传输及电子标签到读写器的能量传输等。
接着分析了频分多路(FDMA)法、空分多路(SDMA)法、码分多路(CDMA)法和时分多路(TDMA)法四种算法及仓储物流自动化系统的防冲突机制,并对TDMA中防冲突算法进行详细的探讨,其中包括ALOHA法,时隙ALOHA算法,二进制搜索算法三种算法,结合RFID系统中标签的基本工作原理,得出仓储物流系统的RFID冲突特点,最后利用二进制搜索算法保证系统在工作过程中数据传输的完整性,最大限度的减少冲突的产生。
分析了在RFID技术下的仓储物流自动化系统节点自动化立体仓库的业务流程,并详细介绍了入库,出库作业流程。利用Flexsim仿真软件,建立了系统入库处理区模型、码盘模型、货架区模型、出库处理区模型。根据系统作业调度过程中信息管理的自动化控制,实现非接触识别货物的信息。完成了基于RFID技术的仓储物流自动化系统中大量信息的存储功能,准确传输功能和标签的可修改功能。
利用上面的关键技术,可以增强基于RFID技术的仓储物流自动化系统的可靠性,提高读写器的准确率,加快了电子标签的识别速度,降低系统应用成本。
Radio frequency identification technology, as a rapid, real-time, accurate collection and processing of information, has been ranked as one of the most ten important technology in this century. As through the entity object (including retail commodities, logistics unit, container, cargo packing, production parts etc.) the only effective logo of a non-contact automatic identification technology, RFID is widely used in manufacturing, retail, logistics and transportation industries. RFID technology has gradually become enterprises to improve logistics supply chain management level, reduce the cost, the realization enterprise management information, the enhancement enterprise core competitive ability indispensable technical tools and methods.This paper researches some urgent pivotal technologies of the electronic tag logistics through the methods including theoretical analysis, simulation.
Firstly,this paper analyzed the main theories in the research of the storage RFID system.Including the structure of the radio frequency reader module, the reader module, part of the reader software's control software, import software, decoders, etc. are analyzed.And also discussed the relevant electromagnetic wave propagation theory, data transmission theory, reader to electronic tags the energy transfer and electronic tags to the reader the energy transmission.
Then this paper analyzed four algorithms, the frequency division multiplexing (FDMA) method, space division multiplexing (SDMA) method, code division multiple (CDMA) method and time division multiplexing (TDMA) method, the storage and logistics automation systems anti-collision mechanism,TDMA in the anti-collision algorithm also carefully studyed, including the ALOHA method, slot ALOHA algorithm, the binary search algorithm. According to the warehousing system RFID conflict characteristics,basic principle of label in RFID, and logistics system RFID anti-collision algorithm,it can ensure the integrity and safety of data transmission.
Analysis the automated warehouse storehouse of the business process under the RFID technology, and describled storage and outbound working procedure in detail. Using Flexsim simulation software to build storage processing zone model of the system, code-disk model, the shelf zone model, a database processing zone model.Also researched the job scheduling and information management systems of automated control, Non-contact identification of the goods information, the reader fast acquisition and complete the identification of multiple tags at the same time. Large amounts of information storage, safely, accurate transfer function and can modify the function of the label.
Using the key technologies above,the reliability of the storage and logistics of automation systems based on RFID technology can enhenced, to improve the accuracy of reader, electronic tags to speed up the recognition speed and lower cost system applications.
首先分析了RFID系统研究中应用的主要理论基础。包括对读写器结构中的射频模块,读写模块及读写器软件部分中的解码器、控制软件、导入软件等进行了分析。探讨了相关电磁波传播理论,包括数据传输原理中的读写器到电子标签的能量传输及电子标签到读写器的能量传输等。
接着分析了频分多路(FDMA)法、空分多路(SDMA)法、码分多路(CDMA)法和时分多路(TDMA)法四种算法及仓储物流自动化系统的防冲突机制,并对TDMA中防冲突算法进行详细的探讨,其中包括ALOHA法,时隙ALOHA算法,二进制搜索算法三种算法,结合RFID系统中标签的基本工作原理,得出仓储物流系统的RFID冲突特点,最后利用二进制搜索算法保证系统在工作过程中数据传输的完整性,最大限度的减少冲突的产生。
分析了在RFID技术下的仓储物流自动化系统节点自动化立体仓库的业务流程,并详细介绍了入库,出库作业流程。利用Flexsim仿真软件,建立了系统入库处理区模型、码盘模型、货架区模型、出库处理区模型。根据系统作业调度过程中信息管理的自动化控制,实现非接触识别货物的信息。完成了基于RFID技术的仓储物流自动化系统中大量信息的存储功能,准确传输功能和标签的可修改功能。
利用上面的关键技术,可以增强基于RFID技术的仓储物流自动化系统的可靠性,提高读写器的准确率,加快了电子标签的识别速度,降低系统应用成本。
Radio frequency identification technology, as a rapid, real-time, accurate collection and processing of information, has been ranked as one of the most ten important technology in this century. As through the entity object (including retail commodities, logistics unit, container, cargo packing, production parts etc.) the only effective logo of a non-contact automatic identification technology, RFID is widely used in manufacturing, retail, logistics and transportation industries. RFID technology has gradually become enterprises to improve logistics supply chain management level, reduce the cost, the realization enterprise management information, the enhancement enterprise core competitive ability indispensable technical tools and methods.This paper researches some urgent pivotal technologies of the electronic tag logistics through the methods including theoretical analysis, simulation.
Firstly,this paper analyzed the main theories in the research of the storage RFID system.Including the structure of the radio frequency reader module, the reader module, part of the reader software's control software, import software, decoders, etc. are analyzed.And also discussed the relevant electromagnetic wave propagation theory, data transmission theory, reader to electronic tags the energy transfer and electronic tags to the reader the energy transmission.
Then this paper analyzed four algorithms, the frequency division multiplexing (FDMA) method, space division multiplexing (SDMA) method, code division multiple (CDMA) method and time division multiplexing (TDMA) method, the storage and logistics automation systems anti-collision mechanism,TDMA in the anti-collision algorithm also carefully studyed, including the ALOHA method, slot ALOHA algorithm, the binary search algorithm. According to the warehousing system RFID conflict characteristics,basic principle of label in RFID, and logistics system RFID anti-collision algorithm,it can ensure the integrity and safety of data transmission.
Analysis the automated warehouse storehouse of the business process under the RFID technology, and describled storage and outbound working procedure in detail. Using Flexsim simulation software to build storage processing zone model of the system, code-disk model, the shelf zone model, a database processing zone model.Also researched the job scheduling and information management systems of automated control, Non-contact identification of the goods information, the reader fast acquisition and complete the identification of multiple tags at the same time. Large amounts of information storage, safely, accurate transfer function and can modify the function of the label.
Using the key technologies above,the reliability of the storage and logistics of automation systems based on RFID technology can enhenced, to improve the accuracy of reader, electronic tags to speed up the recognition speed and lower cost system applications.
引文
[1]张智文.射频识别技术理论与实践[M].中国科学技术出版社,2008,1-01.
[2]廉国斌.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法研究[D].上海交通大学,2009.
[3]谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].机械工业出版社,2007,4-01
[4]夏熙梅.射频识别技术及其应用[M].工业技术经济,2000.
[5]Chiao-Tzu Huang.A study for optimizing the reading rate of RFID tagged cartons in palletizing process[J]. Automation in Construction,2008,21 (9):197-215.
[6]Zhihua Wang,Xuguang Sun..Issues in Integrated Circuit Design for UHF RFID[M] Management Science,2007.
[7]徐济仁,陈家松.射频识别技术及应用发展[D].合肥工业大学电子工程学院,2009.
[8]张广利.浅谈射频识别技术(电子标签)[D].中国防伪报道,2009-10.
[9]陈新河..无线射频识别(RFID)发展综述[M].信息技术与标准化,2005(7).
[10]张纲,马庆容,沈磊.射频识别技术的现状和发展研究[M].半导体技术,2004(4).
[11]Jia Gao, Fangli Liu, Huansheng Ning, Baofa Wang.RFID Coding, Name and Information Service for Internet of Things [J]; 2007,45(3):23-31.
[12]Sung-Lin Chen, Ken-Huang Lin. Characterization of RFID Strap Using Single-Ended Probe[J]. Management Science,1963,9 (3):294-309.
[13]张洪林,田学军,胡斌杰.射频识别系统中的电子标签天线[D].华南理工大学电子与信息工程学院,2007.
[14]杜海涛.射频识别(RFID)中反碰撞技术的研究[D].无锡商业职业技术学院,2009
[15]张益强.远距离射频识别系统及其应用前景[M].中国数据通信,2004(1)
[16]包起帆,张文渊,徐盛.有源RFID的性能及其应用前景[M].微型电脑应用,2006(4)
[17]Wang Yanyan, Zhao Xiaofeng. The research of RFID middleware's data management model [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,16 (4):118-138.
[18]安治永.射频识别系统的关键技术及在物流管理中的应用[M].工程与技术,2005(3).
[19]纪震,李慧慧,姜来.电子标签原理与应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.1-01
[20]周玉宇,郑力明,黄君凯.基于无源电子标签UHF的射频识别物流管理系统[D].暨南大学知识产权系,2006.06
[21]肖珊,郎为民,胡东华.射频识别(RFID)安全解决方案研究[D].解放军通信指挥学院.2008(24).
[22]Joongheon Kim,Wonjun Lee, Jieun Yu, Jihoon Myung, Eunkyo Kim. Effect of localized optimal clustering for reader anti-collision in RFID networks:fairness aspects to the readers [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2007,18 (3):281-291.
[23]Hori, T. A Multi-Sensing-Range Method for Position Estimation of Passive RFID Tags; Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2004,54 (5):27-35.
[24]Sun-Youb Kim, Hyoung-Keun Park, Jung-Ki Lee,Yu-Chan Ra. A Study on Control Method to Reduce Collisions and Interferences between Multiple RFID Readers and RFID Tag; Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2009,42 (2):339-343.
[25]陈明,刘利.基于射频识别技术的气瓶电子标签系统[D].上海交通大学机电控制研究所,2000.
[26]沈宇超,沈树群,樊荣.一种用于多目标实时识别的防冲撞算法[J].邮电大学学报,1999(1)10-14.
[27]焦红革,曹伟华,李泽民,等.射频识别系统冲突问题及解决方法[D].装甲兵工程学院,2009(05).
[28]王家庆.射频识别电子标签芯片模拟前端的设计[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[29]郑杨.射频识别电子标签芯片的设计[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[30]吴春华,陈军,动态ALOHA法在解决RFID反碰撞问题中的应用[J].邮电大学学报,1999(1).
[31]包起帆,张文渊,徐盛.有源RFID的性能及其应用前景[M].微型电脑应用,2006(4).
[32]喻武龙,孟颖.射频识别系统的防冲突算法改进与实现[D].北京理工大学珠海学院,2008.
[33]廉国斌.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法研究[D].上海交通大学,2009.1.
[34]闫新庆,尹周平,熊有伦.无线射频识别系统中的事件处理机制[D].华中科技大学,2008.
[35]周屹,李海龙.无线射频识别技术在物流配送跟踪中的应用[D].黑龙江工程学院,2008.3.
[36]陈大才翻译,Klaus Finkenzeller著.射频识别(RFID)技术[M].北京电子工业出版社,2001.1-45.
[37]武上富.浅议电子标签物流控制系统[D].青海交通科技,2008.
[38]Deyle, T. Probabilistic UHF RFID tag pose estimation with multiple antennas and a multipath RF propagation model [J].2008,20(13):1379-1408.
[39]李增辉.RFID技术在物流自动化管理系统中的应用[D].决策探索,2008.
[40]王敏浩.浅谈物流中心仓储业的自动化管理[D].经济理论研究,2006.
[41]毛丰江.电子标签技术在物流控制系统中的应用[D].电子技术,2006.
[42]Bekkali, Matsumoto,M..RFID Indoor Tracking based on Inter-tags Distance Measurement [J]. Management Science,1998,16 (3):73-78.
[43]廉小亲,翁贻方,张晓力.基于电子标签技术的物流自动化管理系统[D].电子商务与物流,2006.
[2]廉国斌.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法研究[D].上海交通大学,2009.
[3]谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].机械工业出版社,2007,4-01
[4]夏熙梅.射频识别技术及其应用[M].工业技术经济,2000.
[5]Chiao-Tzu Huang.A study for optimizing the reading rate of RFID tagged cartons in palletizing process[J]. Automation in Construction,2008,21 (9):197-215.
[6]Zhihua Wang,Xuguang Sun..Issues in Integrated Circuit Design for UHF RFID[M] Management Science,2007.
[7]徐济仁,陈家松.射频识别技术及应用发展[D].合肥工业大学电子工程学院,2009.
[8]张广利.浅谈射频识别技术(电子标签)[D].中国防伪报道,2009-10.
[9]陈新河..无线射频识别(RFID)发展综述[M].信息技术与标准化,2005(7).
[10]张纲,马庆容,沈磊.射频识别技术的现状和发展研究[M].半导体技术,2004(4).
[11]Jia Gao, Fangli Liu, Huansheng Ning, Baofa Wang.RFID Coding, Name and Information Service for Internet of Things [J]; 2007,45(3):23-31.
[12]Sung-Lin Chen, Ken-Huang Lin. Characterization of RFID Strap Using Single-Ended Probe[J]. Management Science,1963,9 (3):294-309.
[13]张洪林,田学军,胡斌杰.射频识别系统中的电子标签天线[D].华南理工大学电子与信息工程学院,2007.
[14]杜海涛.射频识别(RFID)中反碰撞技术的研究[D].无锡商业职业技术学院,2009
[15]张益强.远距离射频识别系统及其应用前景[M].中国数据通信,2004(1)
[16]包起帆,张文渊,徐盛.有源RFID的性能及其应用前景[M].微型电脑应用,2006(4)
[17]Wang Yanyan, Zhao Xiaofeng. The research of RFID middleware's data management model [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,16 (4):118-138.
[18]安治永.射频识别系统的关键技术及在物流管理中的应用[M].工程与技术,2005(3).
[19]纪震,李慧慧,姜来.电子标签原理与应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.1-01
[20]周玉宇,郑力明,黄君凯.基于无源电子标签UHF的射频识别物流管理系统[D].暨南大学知识产权系,2006.06
[21]肖珊,郎为民,胡东华.射频识别(RFID)安全解决方案研究[D].解放军通信指挥学院.2008(24).
[22]Joongheon Kim,Wonjun Lee, Jieun Yu, Jihoon Myung, Eunkyo Kim. Effect of localized optimal clustering for reader anti-collision in RFID networks:fairness aspects to the readers [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2007,18 (3):281-291.
[23]Hori, T. A Multi-Sensing-Range Method for Position Estimation of Passive RFID Tags; Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2004,54 (5):27-35.
[24]Sun-Youb Kim, Hyoung-Keun Park, Jung-Ki Lee,Yu-Chan Ra. A Study on Control Method to Reduce Collisions and Interferences between Multiple RFID Readers and RFID Tag; Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2009,42 (2):339-343.
[25]陈明,刘利.基于射频识别技术的气瓶电子标签系统[D].上海交通大学机电控制研究所,2000.
[26]沈宇超,沈树群,樊荣.一种用于多目标实时识别的防冲撞算法[J].邮电大学学报,1999(1)10-14.
[27]焦红革,曹伟华,李泽民,等.射频识别系统冲突问题及解决方法[D].装甲兵工程学院,2009(05).
[28]王家庆.射频识别电子标签芯片模拟前端的设计[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[29]郑杨.射频识别电子标签芯片的设计[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[30]吴春华,陈军,动态ALOHA法在解决RFID反碰撞问题中的应用[J].邮电大学学报,1999(1).
[31]包起帆,张文渊,徐盛.有源RFID的性能及其应用前景[M].微型电脑应用,2006(4).
[32]喻武龙,孟颖.射频识别系统的防冲突算法改进与实现[D].北京理工大学珠海学院,2008.
[33]廉国斌.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法研究[D].上海交通大学,2009.1.
[34]闫新庆,尹周平,熊有伦.无线射频识别系统中的事件处理机制[D].华中科技大学,2008.
[35]周屹,李海龙.无线射频识别技术在物流配送跟踪中的应用[D].黑龙江工程学院,2008.3.
[36]陈大才翻译,Klaus Finkenzeller著.射频识别(RFID)技术[M].北京电子工业出版社,2001.1-45.
[37]武上富.浅议电子标签物流控制系统[D].青海交通科技,2008.
[38]Deyle, T. Probabilistic UHF RFID tag pose estimation with multiple antennas and a multipath RF propagation model [J].2008,20(13):1379-1408.
[39]李增辉.RFID技术在物流自动化管理系统中的应用[D].决策探索,2008.
[40]王敏浩.浅谈物流中心仓储业的自动化管理[D].经济理论研究,2006.
[41]毛丰江.电子标签技术在物流控制系统中的应用[D].电子技术,2006.
[42]Bekkali, Matsumoto,M..RFID Indoor Tracking based on Inter-tags Distance Measurement [J]. Management Science,1998,16 (3):73-78.
[43]廉小亲,翁贻方,张晓力.基于电子标签技术的物流自动化管理系统[D].电子商务与物流,2006.