基于原理—结构—参数模型的机电产品设计研究
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摘要
进入21世纪以来，机电产品设计的节奏快速化、结构复杂化、功能集成化、需求个性化的发展趋势日益明显，从多个方面给产品设计理论以及设计者带了新的挑战。本文将研究定位在从概念设计到详细设计初期（Pahl的概念设计和物化设计）这一最为重要的设计阶段，从基于知识的设计角度出发，针对现有知识建模方法缺乏知识的连续性，难以支持多粒度、多领域知识表示，现有设计知识模型将各个设计阶段割裂，难以有效集成，现有基于知识的设计方法忽视产品设计的系统整体性，无法对功能拓扑和结构拓扑的构建进行有效支持等问题，提出了原理-结构-参数模型以及基于该模型的知识建模和设计求解方法，以有效支撑这一阶段的设计工作。本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)研究了基于原理-结构-参数模型的知识表示方法。在功能原理设计、物理结构设计、物化参数设计三个设计阶段划分的基础上，针对各个设计阶段知识粒度和知识形态的差异性，提出了功能知识元建模、功能实例建模和参变量约束建模等知识建模方法；在原理-结构-参数模型的统一框架下，对各设计阶段的知识进行建模和表示，实现了从定性设计知识到定量设计知识的连续过渡表达。
(2)研究了功能原理设计的求解方法。提出了基于功能相似度推理的设计原理选择方法，研究了基于功能流形态及形态转换的功能拓扑设计方法；提出了基于功能草图的原理解可视化方法，并给出了原理解的评价方法。
(3)研究了物理结构设计的求解方法。提出了基于约束包容相似度的功能实例选择方法，提出了基于功能拓扑映射的功能流接口设计方法，以及基于功能流接口强度的结构元安装接口设计方法，并给出了结构方案评价原则。
(4)研究了物化参数设计的求解方法。提出了基于功能流形态的物化求解轨迹的规划方法，研究了基于参变量关联矩阵变换对参变量方程组进行梯次降维、分割求解的方法；针对“病态”参变量方程组，提出了复合运动粒子群算法；给出了物化方案的装配设计和验证优化方法。
(5)进行了系统原型开发和理论实践应用。开发了基于原理-结构-参数模型的机电产品设计的计算机辅助系统原型——Design Synthesis Lab；以全自动数字化显微镜机电系统设计为例，对本文理论方法进行了应用，验证了本文理论方法的有效性。
Entering the21st century, the requirement on rapidity, complexity,integration and individuation in electromechanical product design becomesmore and more important. As a result, product design theory faces newchallenges from several aspects. Current knowledge modeling methodsinterrupting the continuity of design knowledge, it is difficult to supportmulti-granularity, multi-domain knowledge representation; current designmodel isolating the design phases, it is hard for integration; current designmethod ignoring the system integrity of product design, it is unable to supporteffective design of functional topology and structural topology. This paperfocuses on the wide design stage from conceptual design to the beginning ofdetailed design (Pahl’s conceptual design and embodiment design), which is themost important design phase. Principle-Structure-Parameter Model is proposedto support the design events in this stage. Main content of this paper isstructured as follows:
(1) Researched on knowledge representation based on Principle-Structure-Parameter Model. On the basis of three design phase division, i.e. functionalprinciple design stage, physical structure design stage and parametricembodiment design stage, based on differences in knowledge granularity andpattern between each stage, functional knowledge cell modeling, functionalcase modeling and structure parameter-behavior variable constraints modelingare applied to modeling and represent the knowledge in the three design stages.As a result, qualitative-to-quantitative transition knowledge representationbetween multiple design phases is achieved.
(2) Researched on principle design method. Functional similarityreasoning is proposed for functional principle selection, functional flow morphology and transfer of functional morphology are investigated forfunctional topology design. Functional sketch is proposed to visualize principlesolutions. Evaluation method on principle solution is also discussed.
(3) Researched on physical structure design method. Constrainedinclusive similarity algorithm is proposed for functional case selection.Functional topology to structure topology mapping based flow interfaceselection method is researched, as well as functional flow interface strengthbased mounting interface design. Evaluation method for physical structuresolution is discussed as well.
(4) Researched on parametric embodiment design method. Functionalflow morphology based embodiment design trajectory planning method isproposed. Structure parameter-behavior variable coupling matrix based echelondimensionality reduction-partial solving method for structure parameter-behavior variable equations is investigated. A composite movement particleswarm algorithm is proposed to cope with “morbid” structureparameter-behavior variable equations. Assembly validation and optimizationof embodiment solutions is also discussed.
(5) Prototype system development and theory application are implemented.A computer aided design prototype system named Design Synthesis Lab isdeveloped, which is based on Principle-Structure-Parameter Model. Themethods introduced in this paper are applied in design of electromechanicalsystem of automated numerical microscope to verify the effectiveness of thetheory.
(1)研究了基于原理-结构-参数模型的知识表示方法。在功能原理设计、物理结构设计、物化参数设计三个设计阶段划分的基础上，针对各个设计阶段知识粒度和知识形态的差异性，提出了功能知识元建模、功能实例建模和参变量约束建模等知识建模方法；在原理-结构-参数模型的统一框架下，对各设计阶段的知识进行建模和表示，实现了从定性设计知识到定量设计知识的连续过渡表达。
(2)研究了功能原理设计的求解方法。提出了基于功能相似度推理的设计原理选择方法，研究了基于功能流形态及形态转换的功能拓扑设计方法；提出了基于功能草图的原理解可视化方法，并给出了原理解的评价方法。
(3)研究了物理结构设计的求解方法。提出了基于约束包容相似度的功能实例选择方法，提出了基于功能拓扑映射的功能流接口设计方法，以及基于功能流接口强度的结构元安装接口设计方法，并给出了结构方案评价原则。
(4)研究了物化参数设计的求解方法。提出了基于功能流形态的物化求解轨迹的规划方法，研究了基于参变量关联矩阵变换对参变量方程组进行梯次降维、分割求解的方法；针对“病态”参变量方程组，提出了复合运动粒子群算法；给出了物化方案的装配设计和验证优化方法。
(5)进行了系统原型开发和理论实践应用。开发了基于原理-结构-参数模型的机电产品设计的计算机辅助系统原型——Design Synthesis Lab；以全自动数字化显微镜机电系统设计为例，对本文理论方法进行了应用，验证了本文理论方法的有效性。
Entering the21st century, the requirement on rapidity, complexity,integration and individuation in electromechanical product design becomesmore and more important. As a result, product design theory faces newchallenges from several aspects. Current knowledge modeling methodsinterrupting the continuity of design knowledge, it is difficult to supportmulti-granularity, multi-domain knowledge representation; current designmodel isolating the design phases, it is hard for integration; current designmethod ignoring the system integrity of product design, it is unable to supporteffective design of functional topology and structural topology. This paperfocuses on the wide design stage from conceptual design to the beginning ofdetailed design (Pahl’s conceptual design and embodiment design), which is themost important design phase. Principle-Structure-Parameter Model is proposedto support the design events in this stage. Main content of this paper isstructured as follows:
(1) Researched on knowledge representation based on Principle-Structure-Parameter Model. On the basis of three design phase division, i.e. functionalprinciple design stage, physical structure design stage and parametricembodiment design stage, based on differences in knowledge granularity andpattern between each stage, functional knowledge cell modeling, functionalcase modeling and structure parameter-behavior variable constraints modelingare applied to modeling and represent the knowledge in the three design stages.As a result, qualitative-to-quantitative transition knowledge representationbetween multiple design phases is achieved.
(2) Researched on principle design method. Functional similarityreasoning is proposed for functional principle selection, functional flow morphology and transfer of functional morphology are investigated forfunctional topology design. Functional sketch is proposed to visualize principlesolutions. Evaluation method on principle solution is also discussed.
(3) Researched on physical structure design method. Constrainedinclusive similarity algorithm is proposed for functional case selection.Functional topology to structure topology mapping based flow interfaceselection method is researched, as well as functional flow interface strengthbased mounting interface design. Evaluation method for physical structuresolution is discussed as well.
(4) Researched on parametric embodiment design method. Functionalflow morphology based embodiment design trajectory planning method isproposed. Structure parameter-behavior variable coupling matrix based echelondimensionality reduction-partial solving method for structure parameter-behavior variable equations is investigated. A composite movement particleswarm algorithm is proposed to cope with “morbid” structureparameter-behavior variable equations. Assembly validation and optimizationof embodiment solutions is also discussed.
(5) Prototype system development and theory application are implemented.A computer aided design prototype system named Design Synthesis Lab isdeveloped, which is based on Principle-Structure-Parameter Model. Themethods introduced in this paper are applied in design of electromechanicalsystem of automated numerical microscope to verify the effectiveness of thetheory.
引文
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