新疆尼勒克县蒙古族高血压患病情况及影响因素的调查研究
摘要
目的:调查了解新疆尼勒克县蒙古族人群的高血压患病情况,探讨影响因素与原发性高血压发生的关系,为探寻蒙古族人群高血压防治对策,改变人群不良的生活方式提供参考依据。方法:1.对新疆尼勒克县11个乡采取整群随机抽样调查的方法抽取蒙古族聚集的4个乡5个村的349名18岁以上的常住蒙古族居民作为调查对象:①采用问卷调查法对研究对象进行一般情况、生活方式及行为以及体格检查的调查;②采用食物频率法结合24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食营养状况调查;③抽取研究对象的空腹静脉血,测定其血清中TC、TG、HDL、LDL、Apo-A、Apo-B及FPG水平。2.通过对研究对象进行高血压的筛查,随机抽取高血压患者45人(男性23人,女性22人),在所调查的非高血压人群中随机抽取45人(男性22人,女性23人)作为对照组,分别测定两组研究对象血清的NO、ET、SOD、MDA、瘦素及常量元素Ca、Mg、K、Na的含量。3.采用方差分析、t检验、χ~2检验、单因素相关性分析和Logistic回归方法进行指标间统计学检验。结果:1.尼勒克县当地被调查蒙古族居民高血压的患病率为28.1%,男、女患病率之间无显著差异。2.在调查对象中,超重及肥胖、腹型肥胖的检出率分别为61.6%和62.8%,且超重及肥胖与腹型肥胖组的血压水平明显高于正常组。3.本次调查对象的血脂异常患病率为14.6%,女性中,高血压组较正常组的TC、TG水平显著偏低(P<0.05);正常组中女性TG、Apo-B水平较男性显著偏低(P<0.01),而其他指标未见显著差异。4.研究对象的热能、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类、维生素B2、维生素C及其它维生素、基本达到或超过RNI,膳食纤维、维生素B1、钙、镁明显偏低。5.高血压组热量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、胆固醇的摄入量均大于正常血压组(P<0.05)。6.相关分析表明,文化程度、经济收入、膳食纤维、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C镁、NO、SOD与血压呈负相关,而BMI、WHR、热能、蛋白质、脂肪、胆固醇、钠、MDA、ET和Leptin水平与血压呈正相关。7.Logistic回归分析显示文化程度、BMI、热能和膳食纤维与当地蒙古族高血压的发生有关,其中文化程度高、膳食纤维是高血压的保护因素,BMI、热能是高血压的危险因素。结论:1.当地被调查蒙古族人群的高血压患病率较高。2.文化程度、BMI、热能和膳食纤维可能为高血压发生的影响因素。3.应大力开展对尼勒克蒙古族人群对于高血压知晓率的健康教育,从改善膳食结构入手,开展健康膳食宣传,合理控制体重,避免超重和肥胖的发生,预防和控制高血压。
Objective: To investigate the hypertension prevalence of Mongolian inhabitants in Nileke County of Xinjiang, and inquire into the relationship between hypertension and its risk factors in order to find out a way to deal with the hypertension and provide reference foundation of changing unhealthy life pattern for Mongolians. Methods: A randomized cluster sampling conducted in 349 Mongolian inhabitants aged>18 in Nileke were selected as objects. 1. A survey of general situation, life pattern and behavior, and physical examination was taken using a questionnaire; A diet survey was taken using food frequency questionnaires combining with 24-hour dietary recalls; A survey was taken from the fasting blood measuring serum TC, TG, HDL, LDL, Apo-A, Apo-B and FPG. 2.A randomized sampling of serum NO, MDA, SOD, ET, leptin, Ca, Mg, K and Na conducted in 45 hypertension patients(23male, 22female) and 45 normal ones(22male, 23female) respectively. 3. Analysis of variance, pearson analysis and Logistic regression analysis were applied to analyse the relationship of indicators. Results: 1. The hypertension prevalence rate was 28.1%, and there was no obvious difference between male and female. 2. The incidence of overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity were 61.6% and 62.8% respectively,and the level of blood pressure had a clear-cut correlation with the increase of BMI and WHR(P=0.000). 3. The incidence of dyslipidemia was 14.6%. There was a obvious increase in women of hypertension in TC and TG compared with those normal ones. There was a obvious increase in men in TG and Apo-B compared with women among those who had normal blood pressure(P<0.01). 4. Investigation of the local Mongolians in calories, protein, carbohydrate, lipids, riboflavine, vitamin C and other vitamins and minerals were most to meet or surpass the standards RNI, while fiber, thiamin, calcium and magnesium were less than RNI. 5. The level of calories, protein, lipids and carbohydrate in hypertension group were higher than those in normal ones(P<0.05). 6. This study showed that education level, income level, fiber, riboflavine, thiamin, vitamin C, magnesium, NO and SOD was negatively positively correlated with blood pressure, while BMI, WHR, calories, protein, lipids, sodium, MDA, ET and Leptin was positively correlated with blood pressure. 7. Logistic regression analysis showed that education level, BMI, calories and fiber may be the risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions:1. The hypertension prevalence of local Mongolians was still serious. 2. The education level, BMI, calories and fiber may be the risk factors of hypertension. 3. Recommended the strengthening of the local residents hypertension health education, prevention of hypertension from occurring.
Objective: To investigate the hypertension prevalence of Mongolian inhabitants in Nileke County of Xinjiang, and inquire into the relationship between hypertension and its risk factors in order to find out a way to deal with the hypertension and provide reference foundation of changing unhealthy life pattern for Mongolians. Methods: A randomized cluster sampling conducted in 349 Mongolian inhabitants aged>18 in Nileke were selected as objects. 1. A survey of general situation, life pattern and behavior, and physical examination was taken using a questionnaire; A diet survey was taken using food frequency questionnaires combining with 24-hour dietary recalls; A survey was taken from the fasting blood measuring serum TC, TG, HDL, LDL, Apo-A, Apo-B and FPG. 2.A randomized sampling of serum NO, MDA, SOD, ET, leptin, Ca, Mg, K and Na conducted in 45 hypertension patients(23male, 22female) and 45 normal ones(22male, 23female) respectively. 3. Analysis of variance, pearson analysis and Logistic regression analysis were applied to analyse the relationship of indicators. Results: 1. The hypertension prevalence rate was 28.1%, and there was no obvious difference between male and female. 2. The incidence of overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity were 61.6% and 62.8% respectively,and the level of blood pressure had a clear-cut correlation with the increase of BMI and WHR(P=0.000). 3. The incidence of dyslipidemia was 14.6%. There was a obvious increase in women of hypertension in TC and TG compared with those normal ones. There was a obvious increase in men in TG and Apo-B compared with women among those who had normal blood pressure(P<0.01). 4. Investigation of the local Mongolians in calories, protein, carbohydrate, lipids, riboflavine, vitamin C and other vitamins and minerals were most to meet or surpass the standards RNI, while fiber, thiamin, calcium and magnesium were less than RNI. 5. The level of calories, protein, lipids and carbohydrate in hypertension group were higher than those in normal ones(P<0.05). 6. This study showed that education level, income level, fiber, riboflavine, thiamin, vitamin C, magnesium, NO and SOD was negatively positively correlated with blood pressure, while BMI, WHR, calories, protein, lipids, sodium, MDA, ET and Leptin was positively correlated with blood pressure. 7. Logistic regression analysis showed that education level, BMI, calories and fiber may be the risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions:1. The hypertension prevalence of local Mongolians was still serious. 2. The education level, BMI, calories and fiber may be the risk factors of hypertension. 3. Recommended the strengthening of the local residents hypertension health education, prevention of hypertension from occurring.
引文
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