碳酸盐岩礁滩储层地震特征数值模拟
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摘要
碳酸盐岩在我国分布广泛,生物礁滩油气藏以它圈闭类型多、储积性能优越、含油气性好、产量高等有利因素,受到地球物理学家的重视。现今塔里木盆地、四川盆地以及珠江口盆地已成为我国碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重点地区。从单纯的碳酸盐岩礁滩定义、结构、分类、发育规律、沉积相和沉积环境等地质学研究到礁滩相储层特征、地震波反射特征、测井响应、储层识别与预测等,都是油气勘探中的重要研究内容。
本文将以惠州珠江口盆地为主要研究对象。由于该区域的生物礁滩储层属于隐蔽性储层,并且礁体内部分层特征不够明显,内部同相轴断续、杂乱或空白,顶部强反射,响应特征多变,使得难以明确识别礁体范围,对该地区的地质解释造成了困难。
所以本文的研究过程将从生物礁、滩的定义和基本特征入手,并对其进行了详细地论述。介绍生物礁、滩的概念、分类、生物礁与丘、滩的区别。对碳酸盐岩礁滩储层的地震响应特征也进行深入地研究,总结了生物礁的外部、内部、顶部、底部、边界等地震反射特征。与生物礁相比,滩的地震响应特征不是特别明显,这里也进行了仔细地分析。
介绍了二维建模方法,阐述了建立地质模型所面临的问题,总结出一套地质模型建立的详细流程。数值模拟的核心是波场延拓算子的推导求取,文中对目前使用较多的几种算子:相移、相移插值、分步傅立叶方法简单进行了推导,并且提出了一套提高波场延拓运算效率的方法。
同时,精确的偏移成像需要准确的地质速度参数模型,速度模型的误差也会引起偏移成像的定位误差。在偏移速度正确的情况下,偏移结果可以很好的与地质模型对比;当偏移速度不正确时,波场成像的质量将会变差,并且速度误差越大,对成像的质量影响越大。
在对实际资料惠州珠江口盆地生物礁的数值模拟中,从实际的HZ33-1-1井的塔礁、LH4-1井的台地边缘礁、LH11-1井的台地边缘滩、HZ35-1-1井的礁滩复合体出发,介绍了该井的工区位置、构造发育史、地层特征、沉积相及沉积模式。并且根据该区域的地质剖面猜测初始的地震模型,通过波动方程对该初始的模型进行正演与偏移,再把通过偏移的地震剖面与实际的地震记录剖面对比,反复调整其中的相关参数,更新地质剖面,从而获得更加正确的地质解释模型。对比地质模型与原始的地震资料,从而确定了猜测的正确性,为该地区以后的储层预测、地震资料解释提供了一定的参考价值。
综上的论述,本次研究为相同地震、地质条件下礁滩储层的波场特征认识积累了一些经验,为准确地进行礁滩储层预测奠定了一定的基础。
Carbonate rocks are widely distributed in China, because the many types of trap, superior performance of store, good hydrocarbon, high yield and so on favorable factor,which is belong to reef and bank reservior which is attentioned by geophysicists. Now the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin have become key areas of oil and gas exploration in Carbonate rocks in china. From the simple definition、structure、Classification、Development Law、depositional facies and depositional environment of carbonate reef and so on which is belong to Geological studies to Reservoir Characteristics、Seismic reflection characteristics、Log response、Reservoir identification and prediction of reef and bank reservior and so on are the important research of the oil and gas exploration。
This paper’s main object will be the Pearl River Mouth Basin in Huizhou, As the reef reservoir in the area is hidden reservoir, and characteristics of the layer in the body of reef is not apparent, internal event is discontinuous, Clutter or blank, Top of the reflection is strong,response feature is variable Make it difficult to clearly identify the scope of the reef, caused difficulties in the geological interpretation of the region。
Therefore, the process of this study will start from the definition and basic characteristics of the reef and bank, and give a detailed exposition of it, Introduction the concept and classification of reef and bank, and the difference of reef、hill and beach. also studied in depth the seismic response characteristics of Carbonate reef reservoir. Summed up characteristics of seismic reflection in the reef external, internal, top, bottom, and border. Compared with the reef, the seismic response characteristics of the bank is not particularly clear, there have also been carefully analyzed.
Introduced the two-dimensional modeling method, described the problems faced in establishing a geological model, Summarize a set of detailed process in geological modelling. the core of Numerical simulation is the obtain the derivation of the wave field continuation operator. This paper deduced some more current operator in the following: Phase shift, phase shift plus interpolation, split-Fourier method, and propose a set of method to improve the efficiency of wave field continuation operations.
Meanwhile, the precise migration require accurate geological model parameters, the error of Velocity model will lead to the positioning error in migration. In the case of the correct migration velocity, Migration results can be well compared with the geological model; When the incorrect of migration speed, the quality of Wave field imaging will deteriorate, and the greater the speed error, Greater impact on image quality.
In the numerical simulation of reef which is in the Pearl River estuary of Huizhou, Focus on the Tower Reef which is in actual HZ33-1-1 Well region, the platform margin reef in the LH4-1 well region, the platform margin bank in the LH11-1 well region, the reef and bank in the HZ35-1-1 well region, Introduced well location in the work area, history of tectonic evolution. Stratigraphy, Sedimentary face and Sedimentary model. And guess the initial seismic model according to the geological profile of the region, forward modeling and migration of the initial model by using the wave equation. Then comparing the actual profile of seismic records with the migration of seismic profiles, repeatedly to adjust the parameters of which, Updated geological profile, to gain a more accurate geological interpretation model. Comparethe geological model with the original seismic data, to determine the correctness of the guess. provide a certain reference value for the s reservoir prediction, seismic data interpretation in the region.
In summary, This study has accumulated some experience in understanding wave field characteristics of the reservoir in the same earthquake, geological conditions, lay a foundation for predictting accurately reef and bank reservoir.
本文将以惠州珠江口盆地为主要研究对象。由于该区域的生物礁滩储层属于隐蔽性储层,并且礁体内部分层特征不够明显,内部同相轴断续、杂乱或空白,顶部强反射,响应特征多变,使得难以明确识别礁体范围,对该地区的地质解释造成了困难。
所以本文的研究过程将从生物礁、滩的定义和基本特征入手,并对其进行了详细地论述。介绍生物礁、滩的概念、分类、生物礁与丘、滩的区别。对碳酸盐岩礁滩储层的地震响应特征也进行深入地研究,总结了生物礁的外部、内部、顶部、底部、边界等地震反射特征。与生物礁相比,滩的地震响应特征不是特别明显,这里也进行了仔细地分析。
介绍了二维建模方法,阐述了建立地质模型所面临的问题,总结出一套地质模型建立的详细流程。数值模拟的核心是波场延拓算子的推导求取,文中对目前使用较多的几种算子:相移、相移插值、分步傅立叶方法简单进行了推导,并且提出了一套提高波场延拓运算效率的方法。
同时,精确的偏移成像需要准确的地质速度参数模型,速度模型的误差也会引起偏移成像的定位误差。在偏移速度正确的情况下,偏移结果可以很好的与地质模型对比;当偏移速度不正确时,波场成像的质量将会变差,并且速度误差越大,对成像的质量影响越大。
在对实际资料惠州珠江口盆地生物礁的数值模拟中,从实际的HZ33-1-1井的塔礁、LH4-1井的台地边缘礁、LH11-1井的台地边缘滩、HZ35-1-1井的礁滩复合体出发,介绍了该井的工区位置、构造发育史、地层特征、沉积相及沉积模式。并且根据该区域的地质剖面猜测初始的地震模型,通过波动方程对该初始的模型进行正演与偏移,再把通过偏移的地震剖面与实际的地震记录剖面对比,反复调整其中的相关参数,更新地质剖面,从而获得更加正确的地质解释模型。对比地质模型与原始的地震资料,从而确定了猜测的正确性,为该地区以后的储层预测、地震资料解释提供了一定的参考价值。
综上的论述,本次研究为相同地震、地质条件下礁滩储层的波场特征认识积累了一些经验,为准确地进行礁滩储层预测奠定了一定的基础。
Carbonate rocks are widely distributed in China, because the many types of trap, superior performance of store, good hydrocarbon, high yield and so on favorable factor,which is belong to reef and bank reservior which is attentioned by geophysicists. Now the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin have become key areas of oil and gas exploration in Carbonate rocks in china. From the simple definition、structure、Classification、Development Law、depositional facies and depositional environment of carbonate reef and so on which is belong to Geological studies to Reservoir Characteristics、Seismic reflection characteristics、Log response、Reservoir identification and prediction of reef and bank reservior and so on are the important research of the oil and gas exploration。
This paper’s main object will be the Pearl River Mouth Basin in Huizhou, As the reef reservoir in the area is hidden reservoir, and characteristics of the layer in the body of reef is not apparent, internal event is discontinuous, Clutter or blank, Top of the reflection is strong,response feature is variable Make it difficult to clearly identify the scope of the reef, caused difficulties in the geological interpretation of the region。
Therefore, the process of this study will start from the definition and basic characteristics of the reef and bank, and give a detailed exposition of it, Introduction the concept and classification of reef and bank, and the difference of reef、hill and beach. also studied in depth the seismic response characteristics of Carbonate reef reservoir. Summed up characteristics of seismic reflection in the reef external, internal, top, bottom, and border. Compared with the reef, the seismic response characteristics of the bank is not particularly clear, there have also been carefully analyzed.
Introduced the two-dimensional modeling method, described the problems faced in establishing a geological model, Summarize a set of detailed process in geological modelling. the core of Numerical simulation is the obtain the derivation of the wave field continuation operator. This paper deduced some more current operator in the following: Phase shift, phase shift plus interpolation, split-Fourier method, and propose a set of method to improve the efficiency of wave field continuation operations.
Meanwhile, the precise migration require accurate geological model parameters, the error of Velocity model will lead to the positioning error in migration. In the case of the correct migration velocity, Migration results can be well compared with the geological model; When the incorrect of migration speed, the quality of Wave field imaging will deteriorate, and the greater the speed error, Greater impact on image quality.
In the numerical simulation of reef which is in the Pearl River estuary of Huizhou, Focus on the Tower Reef which is in actual HZ33-1-1 Well region, the platform margin reef in the LH4-1 well region, the platform margin bank in the LH11-1 well region, the reef and bank in the HZ35-1-1 well region, Introduced well location in the work area, history of tectonic evolution. Stratigraphy, Sedimentary face and Sedimentary model. And guess the initial seismic model according to the geological profile of the region, forward modeling and migration of the initial model by using the wave equation. Then comparing the actual profile of seismic records with the migration of seismic profiles, repeatedly to adjust the parameters of which, Updated geological profile, to gain a more accurate geological interpretation model. Comparethe geological model with the original seismic data, to determine the correctness of the guess. provide a certain reference value for the s reservoir prediction, seismic data interpretation in the region.
In summary, This study has accumulated some experience in understanding wave field characteristics of the reservoir in the same earthquake, geological conditions, lay a foundation for predictting accurately reef and bank reservoir.
引文
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