CGMT桩在路基加固工程中的应用研究
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摘要
CGMT(Cement Gravel Mixing Trenchless)非开挖干拌水泥碎石桩是在碎石桩、CFG桩基础上研发的新桩型,已应用于河南省高速公路病害处理和路基加固工程。由于地质条件以及CGMT桩的复杂性,目前对CGMT桩复合地基加固机理仍处于研究之中。本文通过理论分析、室内试验、现场试验等手段,对CGMT桩复合地基的加固机理及其优化设计理论进行了深入的研究。
本文首先通过对CGMT桩复合地基改善松散砂土和软粘土地基的作用机理分析,认为CGMT桩主要通过振密挤密效应、置换效应、加速排水效应、垫层作用对地基进行加固。
其次通过试验和分析,得出了CGMT桩的桩-土应力应变关系、桩土应力比、单桩和复合地基的承载力计算方法。通过对CGMT桩变形模式和机理的研究,表明桩体由加速排水效应改善了桩周土的微观结构,加速了地基填土的固结,减少了沉降。提出了合理的路堤荷载作用下CGMT桩复合地基的沉降计算方法,并分析了路堤沉降的影响因素。
再次结合京珠高速公路许昌-漯河段CGMT桩加固工程实际,进行了大量的现场试验和室内试验,对CGMT桩处理地基的效果进行了检验,对复合地基的承载机理及应力应变机理进行了深入研究,最后通过地质雷达测试对加固效果进行了检验。论证了CGMT桩在高速公路路基加固中应用的可行性和优越性。
最后对CGMT桩施工技术与质量控制和检测进行了详细的介绍。
CGMT (Cement Gravel Mixing Trenchless) non-excavation dry mixing cement gravel pile is a new pile based on gravel pile, CFG pile, and also has been used in Henan Highway disease treatment and embankment reinforcement project. The mechanism of CGMT pile composite foundation reinforcement is still being studied at present because of the complexity of geological conditions and CGMT pile itself. It studies on its reinforcement mechanism and optimal design theory through the methods of theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment, in-situ experiment.
Firstly, through the research of the reinforcement mechanism on loose sand foundation and soft clay foundation, the reinforcing effect of CGMT pile can be obtained through vibration and compaction effect, replacement effect, the accelerated drainage effect and cushioning effect. Through the experiment and the analysis, we have obtained the pile-soil stress-strain relations of CGMT pile, the pile-soil stress ratio, the calculation methods of bearing capacity of single pile and composite foundation.
Secondly, according to the study on deformation mode and the mechanism of CGMT pile, we can see that the accelerated drainage effect accelerated the consolidation of the foundation filling and reduced the settlement by improving the micro-structure of the soil around the pile. We put forward a reasonable settlement calculation method under the embankment load, and analyzed the influencing factors of embankment settlement.
Thirdly, we did a lot of in-situ and laboratory experiments based on the reinforcement project of Jing-Zhu highway Xuchang-Luohe section. We test the treating effect, take study on bearing mechanism and stress-strain mechanism of complex foundation. At last, the strengthening effect is tested by geologic radar. Its feasibility and superiority of embankment reinforcement in Highway has been validated.
The end, this paper introduces the construction and quality controlling and test of CGMT pile.
本文首先通过对CGMT桩复合地基改善松散砂土和软粘土地基的作用机理分析,认为CGMT桩主要通过振密挤密效应、置换效应、加速排水效应、垫层作用对地基进行加固。
其次通过试验和分析,得出了CGMT桩的桩-土应力应变关系、桩土应力比、单桩和复合地基的承载力计算方法。通过对CGMT桩变形模式和机理的研究,表明桩体由加速排水效应改善了桩周土的微观结构,加速了地基填土的固结,减少了沉降。提出了合理的路堤荷载作用下CGMT桩复合地基的沉降计算方法,并分析了路堤沉降的影响因素。
再次结合京珠高速公路许昌-漯河段CGMT桩加固工程实际,进行了大量的现场试验和室内试验,对CGMT桩处理地基的效果进行了检验,对复合地基的承载机理及应力应变机理进行了深入研究,最后通过地质雷达测试对加固效果进行了检验。论证了CGMT桩在高速公路路基加固中应用的可行性和优越性。
最后对CGMT桩施工技术与质量控制和检测进行了详细的介绍。
CGMT (Cement Gravel Mixing Trenchless) non-excavation dry mixing cement gravel pile is a new pile based on gravel pile, CFG pile, and also has been used in Henan Highway disease treatment and embankment reinforcement project. The mechanism of CGMT pile composite foundation reinforcement is still being studied at present because of the complexity of geological conditions and CGMT pile itself. It studies on its reinforcement mechanism and optimal design theory through the methods of theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment, in-situ experiment.
Firstly, through the research of the reinforcement mechanism on loose sand foundation and soft clay foundation, the reinforcing effect of CGMT pile can be obtained through vibration and compaction effect, replacement effect, the accelerated drainage effect and cushioning effect. Through the experiment and the analysis, we have obtained the pile-soil stress-strain relations of CGMT pile, the pile-soil stress ratio, the calculation methods of bearing capacity of single pile and composite foundation.
Secondly, according to the study on deformation mode and the mechanism of CGMT pile, we can see that the accelerated drainage effect accelerated the consolidation of the foundation filling and reduced the settlement by improving the micro-structure of the soil around the pile. We put forward a reasonable settlement calculation method under the embankment load, and analyzed the influencing factors of embankment settlement.
Thirdly, we did a lot of in-situ and laboratory experiments based on the reinforcement project of Jing-Zhu highway Xuchang-Luohe section. We test the treating effect, take study on bearing mechanism and stress-strain mechanism of complex foundation. At last, the strengthening effect is tested by geologic radar. Its feasibility and superiority of embankment reinforcement in Highway has been validated.
The end, this paper introduces the construction and quality controlling and test of CGMT pile.
引文
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[2]Hughes J M O,Withers N J.Reinforce soft cohesi've soils with stone columns[J].Ground Engineering,1974,3(7):288-291
[3]韩杰.碎石桩加固技术[J].第三届全国地基处理学术讨论会,秦皇岛,1992
[4]阎明礼.地基处理技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996
[5]张德华,熊思政.国外松软地基的振冲加固技术[J].水利水电技术,1997(2)
[6]Mitchell JK,Huber T R.Stone column Foundations for A Wastewater Treatment Plant[J].A Case History,Publ by A A Balkema,Rotterdam,Neth and Boston,MA,USAP573-587,1985
[7]Zaslavskii V V,Kudas hov A V,Sakhnovskii A M.Experience in Compacting Backfill during Construction of the Dnepr-Donbas Canal[J].Hydro technical Construction V22 N6 Dec 1988
[8]Ergun M U.Design and Performance of Two Port Silos on Improved Ground[J].Geotechnical Special Publication V2 n30,ASCE,1992
[9]戴薇,于洪治.振动水冲法的应用及其在我国的若干发展[C].第五界全国地基处理学术讨论会论文集,1997
[10]叶书麟.地基处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[11]李杰,方永凯.软土加固中的干振挤密碎石桩[C].全国地基基础新技术学术会议论文集,1989
[12]Goughnour,R.R..Settlement of vertically loaded stone columns in softground[C].Proc.of 8th ECSMFE,1983,1:1-10
[13]Juran,I,Riecobono,O.Reinforced soft soil with artificially cemented compacted sandcolumns[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1991,117(7):1042-1060
[14]Seed H B,Booker J R.Stabilization of Potentially Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains,[J].J.of geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1977,103(GT7):757-768
[15]吴延杰,杨志红.碎石桩复合地基应力传递的研究[J].地基处理,1994.12,Vol.5(4):8-11
[16]盛崇文,王盛源,方元凯.南通天生港电厂地基用碎石桩加固及观测[J].南京水利科学研究院,1983
[17]韩杰,叶书麟,曾志贤.碎石桩加固沿海软土的试验研究[J].工程勘察,1990,(5):8-11
[18]Wong,H-Y.Vibroflotation-its effect on weak cohesive soils[J].Civil Engineering,1975,(2):1-5
[19]Adalier K,Elgamal A,Meneses J,et al.Stone Columns as Liquefaction Counter measure in Non-plastic Silty Soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(7):571-58
[20]Mitchell J K,Katti R K.Soil Improvement-State-of-the-Art Report[J].Proc 10th ICSMFE,1981,261-317
[21]梁为邦.振冲碎石桩加固处理软土地基的应用研究[J].云南建材,2005(5):45-48.
[22]贾珍山,毕世军,王忠民.复合地基中褥垫层的作用[J].岩土工程师,2000,12(2):35-37
[23]王长科,郭新海.基础-垫层-复合地基共同作用原理[J].土木工程学报,1996,29(5):30-35
[24]地基处理手册编写委员会.地基处理手册[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,1988
[25]Hughes,J.M.O.,Withers,N.J.,Greenwood,D.A.A field trail of the reforcing effect of a stonecolumn in a sail[J].Geotechenique,1975,25(7):1-9
[26]韩杰,叶书麟,曾志贤.碎石桩加固沿海软土的试验研究[J].工程勘察,1990,(5):1-6
[27]韩杰,叶书麟.碎石桩复合地基的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(A09):13-19
[28]孟广训.模型碎石桩应力的测定.南京水利科学院研究报告[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1983
[29]周建安.碎石桩模型三轴试验及其成果分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(2):39-44
[30]方永凯.碎石桩复合地基承载力现场测试[C].复合地基学术讨论会论文集,上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[31]Vesic A S,Expansion of cavities in Infinite Soil Mass[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division.ASCE,1972,98(3):265-29
[32]韩杰,叶书麟,张德松.碎石桩复合地基应力及孔隙水压力的原位观测分析[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(5):40-47
[33]韩杰,叶书麟,叶宝观.地基处理与托换技术(第二版)[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,1994
[34]Priebe H.Abschatzung des Setzungsverhaltens Eines Durch Stopfver-dichtung Verbesserten Baugrundes[J].Die Bautechnik,1976,266-275
[35]陈振健,盛崇文:满堂加固碎石桩地基承载力[J].水利水运科学研究,1987
[36]陈振健,盛崇文.满堂加固碎石桩地基的强度与变形[C].第五届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990,449-454
[37]姚琪阳.碎石桩复合地基承载机理及优化设计研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,湖南:湖南大学土木工程学院,2004,17-21
[38]张定.复合地基中桩体变形模量的分析与计算[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(2):205-208
[39]张定.散体材料桩复合地基的沉降分析与计算[J].铁道学报,1998,20(6)
[40]J.Brauns.Die Anfangstrag last von Schotter saulen im bindigen Untergrund[J].Die Bautechnik,1978,8:263-271
[41]Hughes,J.M.O.,Withers,N.J.Reinforcing of soft cohesive soils with stone clumns[J].Ground Engineering,1974,7(3):1-10
[42]龚晓南.复合地基理论及工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[43]龚晓南.复合地基[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992
[44]龚晓南.复合地基引论(二)[J].地基处理,1991,2(4):1-11
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