画眉草在温度和水分胁迫下的适应性研究
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摘要
画眉草(Eragrostis spectabilis (Linn.) Beauv.)一种一年生丛生观赏草,花期长,抗逆性强,管理粗放,被广泛应用于园林、固土护坡、室内绿化等。近年来,温室效应日益加剧,全球平均气温逐渐生升高,高温对植物产生的危害不容置疑,因此观赏草耐热性研究已成为当前研究的新课题。本文以画眉草观赏草Eragrostis spectabilis (Linn.) Beauv. (love grass:爱草)和本地画眉草Eragrostis pilosa(L.) Beauv.为试验材料,研究了PEG渗透胁迫下画眉草种子的萌发特性,高温干旱胁迫下和绝对高温胁迫下画眉草成苗叶片中总叶绿素含量、MDA含量、脯氨酸及可溶蛋白质等生理生化指标的影响,并对所做的实验进行对比,初步探讨画眉草的抗旱性和耐热性的生理机制。
实验结果如下：
1.通过PEG渗透胁迫处理画眉草种子得到,通过萌发抗旱系数、相对活力指数、相对发芽率和发芽势以及相对胚根长、相对胚芽长和相对胚根／胚芽比等活性指标分析得到：PEG渗透胁迫对画眉草种子具有明显的影响作用；爱草种子具有与本地画眉草的相似的抗旱性。
2.采用人工气候箱高温干旱胁迫两种画眉草的实验测定画眉草的外部形态指标和生理生化指标(总叶绿素含量、MDA、SPC、SOD、POD等)比较研究两种画眉草的抗逆性。结果表明：在高温干旱胁迫下,随土壤含水量的急剧下降,两种画眉草表现出明显的迫害症状。而各个生理生化指标也有明显变化,本地画眉草总叶绿素的含量比爱草的约高,而爱草的丙二醛含量明显高于本地画眉草,爱草的最大值为73.78umo1/g,本地画眉草的仅为66.65 umol/g,这两个指标推测本地画眉草抗干热性比爱草高。而可溶性糖的含量、游离脯氨酸的含量、可溶性蛋白、SOD活性和CAT活性这几个指标上两种画眉草之间的差异不显著,说明两种画眉草本身是具有类似的抗逆性。在POD活性上,对照组中本地画眉草的显著高于爱草的,实验组中两者之间差异不显著,表明POD活性方面爱草明显低于本地画眉草。
3.画眉草抗逆性的生理生化指标筛选为：土壤含水量、总叶绿素含量、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、SOD、POD。
4.在绝对高温胁迫实验中,爱草和本地画眉草的总叶绿素的含量的平均值分别为：1.10mg/g,0.87 mg/g,爱草的该值明显高于本地画眉草；在丙二醛的含量和游离脯氨酸的含量上,本地画眉草的值明显高于爱草；从这三个指标可以得到,爱草的抗热性比本地画眉草强。在可溶性蛋白和净光合速率这两个指标上得到两种画眉草之间的抗热性相似。而蒸腾速率上,爱草约低于本地画眉草。
5.而在自然胁迫下,两种画眉草表现出的抗逆性相似。
6.在抗旱性和耐热性上,两种画眉草之间的抗逆性相似,但又有所不同：爱草的抗热性比本地画眉草强,但爱草的抗旱性比本地画眉草低。爱草观赏草作为一种引进品种而言,能成功引种并适应重庆的生长环境,在重庆地区发挥它的景观生态作用。
Ornamental grass (Eragrostis spectabilis (Linn.) Beauv.), a kind of annual bunch grass, long flowering period, strong resistance, extensive management, is widely used in gardens, slope stabilization, indoor greening. In recent years, with the greenhouse effect increasing, global average temperature has gradually increased, so that damage health on plant. the heat tolerance of ornamental grass has become one of the new topics. Eragrostis spectabilis (Linn.) Beauv. (love grass) and Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Use as the test materials under PEG osmotic stress Eragrostis seed germination characteristics, high temperature and drought stress and the absolutely high temperature stress in the leaves of the total chlorophyll content, MDA content, the free proline content and the soluble proteins content and other physiological and biochemical indexes, and the experiment of comparing the preliminary study Eragrostis drought and heat resistance physiological mechanism.
The results are as follows:
1.Under the PEG osmotic stress, Eragrostis seeds are obviously influenced in activity indicators:the germination drought resistance index (GDRI), relative vigor index, relative germination rate and germination energy and relative radical length, relative length and relative embryo radicle/embryo ratio.Love grass and the local Eragrostis have similar drought resistance.
2. Using the artificial climate chamber to simulate high temperature and drought stress on two Eragrostis,this experiment determinate the external morphology and the physiological and biochemical indicators (total chlorophyll, MDA, SPC, SOD, POD, etc.) to compare the resistance of the two Eragrostis. The results showed that:Under the high temperature and drought stress, with the sharp decline in soil moisture, two Eragrostis showed obvious signs of persecution. The various physiological and biochemical indicators are significant changed, the total chlorophyll content of the local Eragrostis is higher than that of love grass; whereas the MDA, love grass is significantly higher than the local Eragrostis, the maximum of love grass is 73.78umol/g, and the local Eragrostis only 66.65 umol/g; these two indicators above suggested the local Eragrostis resistance in dry and heat is higher than love grass. And in these indicators of the soluble sugar content, free proline, soluble protein, SOD activity and CAT activity,the two Eragrostis don't have difference,So the two Eragrostis have similar resistance.The POD activity of the local Eragrostis is significantly higher than that of love grass CK group,but in the WS group, there is not any difference between the two Eragrostis,indicating that the POD activity of love grass is significantly lower than the local area Eragrostis.
3. Eragrostis's resistance about the physiological and biochemical indicators of screening are:the moisture content in soil, total chlorophyll content, MDA, proline, SOD, POD.
4. In the absolute heat stress experiments, the total chlorophyll content of love grass and the local Eragrostis were:1.10mg/g,0.87 mg/g; in the MDA and proline content the Local Eragrostis is significantly higher than love grass; through the three indicators above, the heat resistance of love grass is stronger than that of local Eragrostis. In soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, the heat resistance of Eragrostis are similar. But the transpiration rate, love grass is lower than the local.
5. When in the natural stress, the two Eragrostis demonstrated similar resistance.
6. In smmary, the resistance between the two Eragrostis are similar in drought resistance and heat resistance, but there are some differences:the heat resistance of love grass is stronger than that of local Eragrostis, but the drought resistance of love grass is weaker than than the local species. love grass, as the introduction of species, can be successful introducted and adapt to the environment in Chongqing, and will play an important role in landscape ecology in the Chongqing area.
实验结果如下：
1.通过PEG渗透胁迫处理画眉草种子得到,通过萌发抗旱系数、相对活力指数、相对发芽率和发芽势以及相对胚根长、相对胚芽长和相对胚根／胚芽比等活性指标分析得到：PEG渗透胁迫对画眉草种子具有明显的影响作用；爱草种子具有与本地画眉草的相似的抗旱性。
2.采用人工气候箱高温干旱胁迫两种画眉草的实验测定画眉草的外部形态指标和生理生化指标(总叶绿素含量、MDA、SPC、SOD、POD等)比较研究两种画眉草的抗逆性。结果表明：在高温干旱胁迫下,随土壤含水量的急剧下降,两种画眉草表现出明显的迫害症状。而各个生理生化指标也有明显变化,本地画眉草总叶绿素的含量比爱草的约高,而爱草的丙二醛含量明显高于本地画眉草,爱草的最大值为73.78umo1/g,本地画眉草的仅为66.65 umol/g,这两个指标推测本地画眉草抗干热性比爱草高。而可溶性糖的含量、游离脯氨酸的含量、可溶性蛋白、SOD活性和CAT活性这几个指标上两种画眉草之间的差异不显著,说明两种画眉草本身是具有类似的抗逆性。在POD活性上,对照组中本地画眉草的显著高于爱草的,实验组中两者之间差异不显著,表明POD活性方面爱草明显低于本地画眉草。
3.画眉草抗逆性的生理生化指标筛选为：土壤含水量、总叶绿素含量、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、SOD、POD。
4.在绝对高温胁迫实验中,爱草和本地画眉草的总叶绿素的含量的平均值分别为：1.10mg/g,0.87 mg/g,爱草的该值明显高于本地画眉草；在丙二醛的含量和游离脯氨酸的含量上,本地画眉草的值明显高于爱草；从这三个指标可以得到,爱草的抗热性比本地画眉草强。在可溶性蛋白和净光合速率这两个指标上得到两种画眉草之间的抗热性相似。而蒸腾速率上,爱草约低于本地画眉草。
5.而在自然胁迫下,两种画眉草表现出的抗逆性相似。
6.在抗旱性和耐热性上,两种画眉草之间的抗逆性相似,但又有所不同：爱草的抗热性比本地画眉草强,但爱草的抗旱性比本地画眉草低。爱草观赏草作为一种引进品种而言,能成功引种并适应重庆的生长环境,在重庆地区发挥它的景观生态作用。
Ornamental grass (Eragrostis spectabilis (Linn.) Beauv.), a kind of annual bunch grass, long flowering period, strong resistance, extensive management, is widely used in gardens, slope stabilization, indoor greening. In recent years, with the greenhouse effect increasing, global average temperature has gradually increased, so that damage health on plant. the heat tolerance of ornamental grass has become one of the new topics. Eragrostis spectabilis (Linn.) Beauv. (love grass) and Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Use as the test materials under PEG osmotic stress Eragrostis seed germination characteristics, high temperature and drought stress and the absolutely high temperature stress in the leaves of the total chlorophyll content, MDA content, the free proline content and the soluble proteins content and other physiological and biochemical indexes, and the experiment of comparing the preliminary study Eragrostis drought and heat resistance physiological mechanism.
The results are as follows:
1.Under the PEG osmotic stress, Eragrostis seeds are obviously influenced in activity indicators:the germination drought resistance index (GDRI), relative vigor index, relative germination rate and germination energy and relative radical length, relative length and relative embryo radicle/embryo ratio.Love grass and the local Eragrostis have similar drought resistance.
2. Using the artificial climate chamber to simulate high temperature and drought stress on two Eragrostis,this experiment determinate the external morphology and the physiological and biochemical indicators (total chlorophyll, MDA, SPC, SOD, POD, etc.) to compare the resistance of the two Eragrostis. The results showed that:Under the high temperature and drought stress, with the sharp decline in soil moisture, two Eragrostis showed obvious signs of persecution. The various physiological and biochemical indicators are significant changed, the total chlorophyll content of the local Eragrostis is higher than that of love grass; whereas the MDA, love grass is significantly higher than the local Eragrostis, the maximum of love grass is 73.78umol/g, and the local Eragrostis only 66.65 umol/g; these two indicators above suggested the local Eragrostis resistance in dry and heat is higher than love grass. And in these indicators of the soluble sugar content, free proline, soluble protein, SOD activity and CAT activity,the two Eragrostis don't have difference,So the two Eragrostis have similar resistance.The POD activity of the local Eragrostis is significantly higher than that of love grass CK group,but in the WS group, there is not any difference between the two Eragrostis,indicating that the POD activity of love grass is significantly lower than the local area Eragrostis.
3. Eragrostis's resistance about the physiological and biochemical indicators of screening are:the moisture content in soil, total chlorophyll content, MDA, proline, SOD, POD.
4. In the absolute heat stress experiments, the total chlorophyll content of love grass and the local Eragrostis were:1.10mg/g,0.87 mg/g; in the MDA and proline content the Local Eragrostis is significantly higher than love grass; through the three indicators above, the heat resistance of love grass is stronger than that of local Eragrostis. In soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, the heat resistance of Eragrostis are similar. But the transpiration rate, love grass is lower than the local.
5. When in the natural stress, the two Eragrostis demonstrated similar resistance.
6. In smmary, the resistance between the two Eragrostis are similar in drought resistance and heat resistance, but there are some differences:the heat resistance of love grass is stronger than that of local Eragrostis, but the drought resistance of love grass is weaker than than the local species. love grass, as the introduction of species, can be successful introducted and adapt to the environment in Chongqing, and will play an important role in landscape ecology in the Chongqing area.
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