高分辨率光纤甲烷气体检测系统的研究
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摘要
研制及时、准确地对易燃、易爆、有毒、有害气体进行监测和控制的传感系统已成为当前煤炭、石油及环境监测等领域亟待解决的问题。
论文研究了高分辨率的光谱吸收式光纤甲烷气体传感系统。系统具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、动态范围大、防燃防爆、防电磁干扰、易于实现实时遥测等优点,可用于环境检测及恶劣环境下的在线监测。
分析了气体近红外选择性吸收理论,得出了甲烷气体吸收测量的理论依据,确定了甲烷气体的吸收谱线,找出适合普通石英光纤进行较长距离低损耗传输的光谱特性。
基于比尔-朗伯定律,建立了吸收式气体浓度测试系统分辨率的数学模型。从数学模型出发,分析了影响系统分辨率的因素,从气室、光路耦合效率、光源等方面入手,研究了提高分辨率的途径。
构建了吸收式甲烷气体检测系统,研究了基于DFBLD光源的气体谐波检测技术。设计了光源驱动、恒温控制、前置放大、带通滤波、锁相放大等主要电路单元,分析Labview采集到的反映甲烷气体浓度的谐波信号,直观地显示甲烷气体浓度信息。
进行了包括光纤链路损耗、气体吸收和示值比对等系统总体实验。实验表明,所设计的系统能有效地检测被测气体的浓度参数,具有较高的分辨率,验证了光谱吸收式光纤气体传感检测系统设计方案的可行性。
Developing the sensing system, which can detect and control inflammable, explosive, poisonous and harmful gas, has been an urgent problem to solve for domains such as coil, oil and environment monitoring at present.
The paper studies optical fiber methane measurement system with high resolution, based on spectrum absorption. The system has advantages of high sensitivity, fast responding speed, large dynamic range, freedom from inflammation, explosion, and electromagnetism interfere, and real time detection from distance. The system can be used to monitor environment and monitor gas on line in formidable conditions.
The paper analyzes the theory of near-infrared selective absorption of gas and gets the academic base of the methane gas measurement by absorption theory. The absorption spectrum of methane is confirmed and the spectra characteristic which is fit to low-loss optical fiber for distance transmission is also discussed.
According to Beer-Lambert Law, the resolution mathematical model of gas concentration detection system based on spectrum absorption is built. From the mathematical model, the factors influencing resolution are analyzed. The methods of enhancing resolution are discussed from gas cell, coupling efficiency of light path, light source, etc.
Optical fiber methane measurement system based on spectrum absorption is built, and harmonic wave detection based on DFBLD is studied. Driving circuit of LD, temperature control circuit, Preamplifier circuit, band filter and Phase-locked amplifier circuit are designed. Harmonic wave signal reflecting methane gas concentration is collected by Labview, and the signal is analyzed, which can display methane gas concentration visually.
The overall experiments of gas detecting system have been carried out, which include characteristic parameter experiment, optical fiber chain loss experiment, gas absorption experiment and display comparing experiment, etc. The experiment results show that the designed spectrum absorption optical fiber gas sensing system can effectively detect the concentration parameter of the measured gas and has high resolution. The feasibility of the spectrum absorption optical fiber gas sensing detecting system has also been verified.
论文研究了高分辨率的光谱吸收式光纤甲烷气体传感系统。系统具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、动态范围大、防燃防爆、防电磁干扰、易于实现实时遥测等优点,可用于环境检测及恶劣环境下的在线监测。
分析了气体近红外选择性吸收理论,得出了甲烷气体吸收测量的理论依据,确定了甲烷气体的吸收谱线,找出适合普通石英光纤进行较长距离低损耗传输的光谱特性。
基于比尔-朗伯定律,建立了吸收式气体浓度测试系统分辨率的数学模型。从数学模型出发,分析了影响系统分辨率的因素,从气室、光路耦合效率、光源等方面入手,研究了提高分辨率的途径。
构建了吸收式甲烷气体检测系统,研究了基于DFBLD光源的气体谐波检测技术。设计了光源驱动、恒温控制、前置放大、带通滤波、锁相放大等主要电路单元,分析Labview采集到的反映甲烷气体浓度的谐波信号,直观地显示甲烷气体浓度信息。
进行了包括光纤链路损耗、气体吸收和示值比对等系统总体实验。实验表明,所设计的系统能有效地检测被测气体的浓度参数,具有较高的分辨率,验证了光谱吸收式光纤气体传感检测系统设计方案的可行性。
Developing the sensing system, which can detect and control inflammable, explosive, poisonous and harmful gas, has been an urgent problem to solve for domains such as coil, oil and environment monitoring at present.
The paper studies optical fiber methane measurement system with high resolution, based on spectrum absorption. The system has advantages of high sensitivity, fast responding speed, large dynamic range, freedom from inflammation, explosion, and electromagnetism interfere, and real time detection from distance. The system can be used to monitor environment and monitor gas on line in formidable conditions.
The paper analyzes the theory of near-infrared selective absorption of gas and gets the academic base of the methane gas measurement by absorption theory. The absorption spectrum of methane is confirmed and the spectra characteristic which is fit to low-loss optical fiber for distance transmission is also discussed.
According to Beer-Lambert Law, the resolution mathematical model of gas concentration detection system based on spectrum absorption is built. From the mathematical model, the factors influencing resolution are analyzed. The methods of enhancing resolution are discussed from gas cell, coupling efficiency of light path, light source, etc.
Optical fiber methane measurement system based on spectrum absorption is built, and harmonic wave detection based on DFBLD is studied. Driving circuit of LD, temperature control circuit, Preamplifier circuit, band filter and Phase-locked amplifier circuit are designed. Harmonic wave signal reflecting methane gas concentration is collected by Labview, and the signal is analyzed, which can display methane gas concentration visually.
The overall experiments of gas detecting system have been carried out, which include characteristic parameter experiment, optical fiber chain loss experiment, gas absorption experiment and display comparing experiment, etc. The experiment results show that the designed spectrum absorption optical fiber gas sensing system can effectively detect the concentration parameter of the measured gas and has high resolution. The feasibility of the spectrum absorption optical fiber gas sensing detecting system has also been verified.
引文
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2 M. Lubes, E. Pavel. A GIS-based Approach to Spatio-temporal Analysis of Environmental Pollution in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Prague’s Environment Extended by LIDAR Data. Ecological Modelling. 2006,I99:261-277
3蒋益民,曾光明,张龚.城市大气中SO2、TSP、NO2的时空变化特性.城市环境与城市生态.2003,16(6):172-174
4 M. Zavrsnik, G. Stewart Coherence addressing of quasi-distributed absorption sensors by the FMCW method. JLT. 2000,18(1):57-65
5喻洪波,廖延彪,靳伟.光纤化的气体传感技术.激光与红外.2002,32(3):193-196
6 W. Jin. Performance analysis of a time-division-multiplexed fiber-optic gas-sensor array by wavelength modulation of a distributed-feedback laser. Applied Optics. 1999, 38(25):5290-5297
7张晓萍,宁庭勇,张晓亚.检测NO气体的双臂式光纤束传感系统的研究.传感技术学报.2002,1:29-33
8米新江,许爱东,王英华.分时差分式光纤甲烷气体检测仪的研制.仪表技术与传感器. 2003,6:12-14
9于清旭,李红,林钧岫.基于泛频CO激光器的微量气体光声光谱仪.光电子?激光. 2003,14(7):669-671
10李双喜.光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器分辨率研究[J].安徽科技学院学报, 2006,20(2):28-30
11 J. L. Merine, S. A. Bota, R. Casanova. A Reusable Smart Interface for Gas Sensor Resistance Measurement. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE. 2004, 53: 1173-1178
12 F. Luca, D. Eric. Comparison among Error Calculations in Differential Absorption Lidar Measurements. Optics & Laser Technology. 2001,33:371-377
13王玉田,郭增军.调制式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.光电工程.2002,29(2):35-38
14张景超,刘瑾,王玉田.差分吸收式光纤NO2气体传感器.仪表技术与传感器. 2004,5:4-5,20
15 J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser. Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in Cigatette Smoke Using Quantum Cascade Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS). Spectrochimica Acta Part A. 2006,63:994-1001
16 K. El-Shennawy, M. S. Orabi, T. E. Taha Simulation of High Sensitivity and Stability Surface Acoustic Wave NO2 Gas Sensor Based on Amplitude Variations as Measurand. Microelectronics. 2000:611-614
17 J. Tapia, A.V. Khomenko, R. Cortes-Martinez. High Accurate Fiber with Two-LED Light Source. Optics Communications. 2000,177:219-223
18郑朝辉,刘文清,谢品华.烟道SO2浓度的紫外差分吸收光谱法测量研究.光电子?激光.2000,11(6):613-616
19 Min Zhang, Wang D. N., Wei Jin. Wavelength Modulation Technique for Intra-Cavity Absorption Gas Sensor. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on. 2004,53(1):136-139
20 M Naegele, M W Sigrist. Mobile Laser Spectrometer with Novel Resonat Multipass Photoacoustic Cell for Trace-gas Sensing. Appl Phys. 2000,B70:895-901
21 Yoon-Taek Jang, Chang-Hoon Choi, Seung-I/Moon. A Novel Micro-Gas Sensor Using Laterally Grown Carbon Nanotubes. TRANSDUCERS,Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 12th International Conference. 2003,2:1363-1366
22 G. Whitenett, G. Stewart. Optical Fibre Instrucmentation for Environmental Monitoring Alliyions. J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2003,5:140-145
23 G. Massie, G. Stewart. Design of a Portable Sensor for Methane Gas Detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chem. 2006,113:830-836
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25叶险峰,汤伟中.CH4气体光纤传感器的研究.半导体光电. 2000, 21(3):218-220
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27林枫,蔡海文,翟荣辉等.红外吸收型瓦斯传感器的研究.激光与光电子学进展.2004,41(7):40-42
28周孟然,刘文清.利用激光吸收光谱法测量煤矿瓦斯气体的研究.应用激光.2004,24(3):162-164
29董磊,马维光,尹王保等.利用数字锁相放大器对甲烷气体进行谐波探测的实验研究.光谱学与光谱分析.2005,25(3):473-476
30 V. Kumar, D. Chandra. Fiber Optic Methane Sensor for Mines. Optical Application, 1997,27(4):279-290
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32李虹.监测甲烷浓度的红外光吸收法光纤传感器.量子电子学报,2002,19(4):355-357
33刘会平,是度芳,贺渝龙.双端差分吸收激光雷达及其大气污染测试.光电子?激光.2001,12(1):65-66
34李素文,谢品华,李玉金.基于小波变换的差分吸收光谱数据处理方法.光学学报.2006,26(11):1601-1604
35 Qi Feng, Liu Wenqing, Zhou Bin. Forecasting of the Real-time Data Monitored by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Method. Acta Physica Sinica. 2003,52:2197
36董凤忠,阚瑞峰,刘文清.可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术及其在大气质量监测中的应用.量子电子学报.2005,22(3):315-325
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2 M. Lubes, E. Pavel. A GIS-based Approach to Spatio-temporal Analysis of Environmental Pollution in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Prague’s Environment Extended by LIDAR Data. Ecological Modelling. 2006,I99:261-277
3蒋益民,曾光明,张龚.城市大气中SO2、TSP、NO2的时空变化特性.城市环境与城市生态.2003,16(6):172-174
4 M. Zavrsnik, G. Stewart Coherence addressing of quasi-distributed absorption sensors by the FMCW method. JLT. 2000,18(1):57-65
5喻洪波,廖延彪,靳伟.光纤化的气体传感技术.激光与红外.2002,32(3):193-196
6 W. Jin. Performance analysis of a time-division-multiplexed fiber-optic gas-sensor array by wavelength modulation of a distributed-feedback laser. Applied Optics. 1999, 38(25):5290-5297
7张晓萍,宁庭勇,张晓亚.检测NO气体的双臂式光纤束传感系统的研究.传感技术学报.2002,1:29-33
8米新江,许爱东,王英华.分时差分式光纤甲烷气体检测仪的研制.仪表技术与传感器. 2003,6:12-14
9于清旭,李红,林钧岫.基于泛频CO激光器的微量气体光声光谱仪.光电子?激光. 2003,14(7):669-671
10李双喜.光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器分辨率研究[J].安徽科技学院学报, 2006,20(2):28-30
11 J. L. Merine, S. A. Bota, R. Casanova. A Reusable Smart Interface for Gas Sensor Resistance Measurement. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE. 2004, 53: 1173-1178
12 F. Luca, D. Eric. Comparison among Error Calculations in Differential Absorption Lidar Measurements. Optics & Laser Technology. 2001,33:371-377
13王玉田,郭增军.调制式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.光电工程.2002,29(2):35-38
14张景超,刘瑾,王玉田.差分吸收式光纤NO2气体传感器.仪表技术与传感器. 2004,5:4-5,20
15 J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser. Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in Cigatette Smoke Using Quantum Cascade Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS). Spectrochimica Acta Part A. 2006,63:994-1001
16 K. El-Shennawy, M. S. Orabi, T. E. Taha Simulation of High Sensitivity and Stability Surface Acoustic Wave NO2 Gas Sensor Based on Amplitude Variations as Measurand. Microelectronics. 2000:611-614
17 J. Tapia, A.V. Khomenko, R. Cortes-Martinez. High Accurate Fiber with Two-LED Light Source. Optics Communications. 2000,177:219-223
18郑朝辉,刘文清,谢品华.烟道SO2浓度的紫外差分吸收光谱法测量研究.光电子?激光.2000,11(6):613-616
19 Min Zhang, Wang D. N., Wei Jin. Wavelength Modulation Technique for Intra-Cavity Absorption Gas Sensor. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on. 2004,53(1):136-139
20 M Naegele, M W Sigrist. Mobile Laser Spectrometer with Novel Resonat Multipass Photoacoustic Cell for Trace-gas Sensing. Appl Phys. 2000,B70:895-901
21 Yoon-Taek Jang, Chang-Hoon Choi, Seung-I/Moon. A Novel Micro-Gas Sensor Using Laterally Grown Carbon Nanotubes. TRANSDUCERS,Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 12th International Conference. 2003,2:1363-1366
22 G. Whitenett, G. Stewart. Optical Fibre Instrucmentation for Environmental Monitoring Alliyions. J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2003,5:140-145
23 G. Massie, G. Stewart. Design of a Portable Sensor for Methane Gas Detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chem. 2006,113:830-836
24刘文琦,牛德芳.光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.仪表技术与传感器. 1999,1:35-36
25叶险峰,汤伟中.CH4气体光纤传感器的研究.半导体光电. 2000, 21(3):218-220
26王一丁,钟宏杰,金钦汉等.红外CH4检测仪.吉林大学学报(理学版). 2001, 4:69-71
27林枫,蔡海文,翟荣辉等.红外吸收型瓦斯传感器的研究.激光与光电子学进展.2004,41(7):40-42
28周孟然,刘文清.利用激光吸收光谱法测量煤矿瓦斯气体的研究.应用激光.2004,24(3):162-164
29董磊,马维光,尹王保等.利用数字锁相放大器对甲烷气体进行谐波探测的实验研究.光谱学与光谱分析.2005,25(3):473-476
30 V. Kumar, D. Chandra. Fiber Optic Methane Sensor for Mines. Optical Application, 1997,27(4):279-290
31陈娟,冯锡钰,马莹.红外吸收型光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.吉林工学院学报,1997,18(2):57-60
32李虹.监测甲烷浓度的红外光吸收法光纤传感器.量子电子学报,2002,19(4):355-357
33刘会平,是度芳,贺渝龙.双端差分吸收激光雷达及其大气污染测试.光电子?激光.2001,12(1):65-66
34李素文,谢品华,李玉金.基于小波变换的差分吸收光谱数据处理方法.光学学报.2006,26(11):1601-1604
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