分布式光纤Bragg光栅传感信号干涉解调技术的研究
|
摘要
光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)是近几年发展最为迅速的光纤无源器件之一。由于FBG对特定波长的光具有反射作用,并且其反射中心波长随着温度、应变等物理量的变化而变化,具有优良的温度和应变响应特性,所以它在传感领域有着广泛的应用前景。FBG传感器的主要优点之一是便于构成分布式传感系统,而构成分布式传感系统的关键技术之一是复用技术,包括波分复用(WDM)、时分复用(TDM)、空分复用(SDM)及它们的组合复用技术。
FBG的复用技术可以减少成本和传感系统的体积。FBG分布式解调系统的检测精度决定着整个系统的精度,所以解调系统是FBG分布式传感系统的核心。
本文是以分布式FBG传感解调系统的设计和应用为目的。主要研究了以下几个方面的问题:
首先,在对国内外研究现状进行了深入分析的基础上,介绍了当前FBG传感技术的发展趋势及其在实际应用中需要解决的几个主要问题。
其次,从理论上推导了FBG的温度和应变的传感特性以及二者的交叉敏感度。并通过实验证明了FBG传感器的中心波长与应变有良好的线性关系。具体分析了FBG分布式解调的原理及常用的解调方法,介绍了分布式系统中常用的几种复用方法,指出了分布式解调所面临的一些问题。
再次,在上面分析的基础上设计了一种基于非平衡M-Z干涉解调技术的FBG分布式传感解调系统。通过对光路、电路等硬件部分的设计,利用DAQ2005数据采集卡采集数据,并用频谱分析的思想通过Lab VIEW软件进行编程,实现了3个通道同时解调。
最后,设计了基于Lab VIEW的仿真信号相位差计。数据采集模块用Lab VIEW自带的信号发生模块代替,并设计添加随机噪声干扰、A/D转换量化误差等仿真条件,使得处理后的信号具有和采集实验数据的信号有相同的特性,这样就让仿真实验更具有研究价值。
As one of the most rapidly developed passive fiber devices in recent years, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) can reflect special wavelength which changes with temperature or strain. FBG sensor is a new type of sensor, and it has excellent temperature and strain response properties which is a novel fiber photonic device with rapid development in these years and has broad and good applications in the fiber sensing field. The key technology to realize distribute measure is multiplexing, which includes Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), Time division multiplexing (TDM), spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and the combination of any of them.
The multiplexing about FBG not only reduces the cost of sensors, but also minishes the volume of the whole system. The demodulation method contributes in how the sensors work, so wavelength demodulation is one of the most important techniques to achieve a distributed FBG system.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the demodulation system design and application research of strain and temperature sensing network of the distributed FBG.
Firstly, on the basis of the deep researches of domestic and overseas literatures, the mechanism of the optical fiber grating sensors and the categories of FBG were generally introduced. The development trend of FBG sensing and several questions need to be solved in the practical application were summarized.
Secondly, this thesis focuses on the basic theoretical and technical researches on the optical fiber grating sensors, including coupled model theory of FBG, and the sensitivity coefficient of strain/ temperature sensor are the most important parts in this article. Then it introduces the demodulation principle of distributed FBG sensors and some methods of FBG multiplexing, sums up the demodulation solutions of distributed FBG sensors and the problems faced now.
Thirdly, on the basis of above analysis, a distributed FBG sensor demodulation system based on nom-balanced M-Z interferometer demodula- tion technique was designed. The system can simultaneously realize the demodulation of three channels after the designing of optic-route, electro-circuit, the data acquisition using of DAQ2005 and programming with Lab VIEW software using spectrum analysis.
Lastly, a signal simulation phase meter based on Lab VIEW is designed. It uses the signal module instead of the Data Acquisition Module, and design random noise、A / D converter quantization error and so on. It makes the signal dealt with have the same Characteristics such as Acquisition of experimental data signals, and makes the simulation experiment have more research value.
FBG的复用技术可以减少成本和传感系统的体积。FBG分布式解调系统的检测精度决定着整个系统的精度,所以解调系统是FBG分布式传感系统的核心。
本文是以分布式FBG传感解调系统的设计和应用为目的。主要研究了以下几个方面的问题:
首先,在对国内外研究现状进行了深入分析的基础上,介绍了当前FBG传感技术的发展趋势及其在实际应用中需要解决的几个主要问题。
其次,从理论上推导了FBG的温度和应变的传感特性以及二者的交叉敏感度。并通过实验证明了FBG传感器的中心波长与应变有良好的线性关系。具体分析了FBG分布式解调的原理及常用的解调方法,介绍了分布式系统中常用的几种复用方法,指出了分布式解调所面临的一些问题。
再次,在上面分析的基础上设计了一种基于非平衡M-Z干涉解调技术的FBG分布式传感解调系统。通过对光路、电路等硬件部分的设计,利用DAQ2005数据采集卡采集数据,并用频谱分析的思想通过Lab VIEW软件进行编程,实现了3个通道同时解调。
最后,设计了基于Lab VIEW的仿真信号相位差计。数据采集模块用Lab VIEW自带的信号发生模块代替,并设计添加随机噪声干扰、A/D转换量化误差等仿真条件,使得处理后的信号具有和采集实验数据的信号有相同的特性,这样就让仿真实验更具有研究价值。
As one of the most rapidly developed passive fiber devices in recent years, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) can reflect special wavelength which changes with temperature or strain. FBG sensor is a new type of sensor, and it has excellent temperature and strain response properties which is a novel fiber photonic device with rapid development in these years and has broad and good applications in the fiber sensing field. The key technology to realize distribute measure is multiplexing, which includes Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), Time division multiplexing (TDM), spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and the combination of any of them.
The multiplexing about FBG not only reduces the cost of sensors, but also minishes the volume of the whole system. The demodulation method contributes in how the sensors work, so wavelength demodulation is one of the most important techniques to achieve a distributed FBG system.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the demodulation system design and application research of strain and temperature sensing network of the distributed FBG.
Firstly, on the basis of the deep researches of domestic and overseas literatures, the mechanism of the optical fiber grating sensors and the categories of FBG were generally introduced. The development trend of FBG sensing and several questions need to be solved in the practical application were summarized.
Secondly, this thesis focuses on the basic theoretical and technical researches on the optical fiber grating sensors, including coupled model theory of FBG, and the sensitivity coefficient of strain/ temperature sensor are the most important parts in this article. Then it introduces the demodulation principle of distributed FBG sensors and some methods of FBG multiplexing, sums up the demodulation solutions of distributed FBG sensors and the problems faced now.
Thirdly, on the basis of above analysis, a distributed FBG sensor demodulation system based on nom-balanced M-Z interferometer demodula- tion technique was designed. The system can simultaneously realize the demodulation of three channels after the designing of optic-route, electro-circuit, the data acquisition using of DAQ2005 and programming with Lab VIEW software using spectrum analysis.
Lastly, a signal simulation phase meter based on Lab VIEW is designed. It uses the signal module instead of the Data Acquisition Module, and design random noise、A / D converter quantization error and so on. It makes the signal dealt with have the same Characteristics such as Acquisition of experimental data signals, and makes the simulation experiment have more research value.
引文
1 K.O. Hill,F Fujii, D C Johnson et al. Photosentivity on optical fiber waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1978, 32:647~649
2 D. J. Webb, J Surowiee, Metal Sweeney. 1996 Miniature fiber optic ultrasonic probe Proc. SPIE 2839 paper:8
3 S. M Melle, T. Alavic, Set al Karr. A Bragg grating-tuned fiber laser strain sensor system IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 1993, 5:263~266
4 G. A. Ball, W. W. Morey.Continuously tunable single-mode fiber laser. Opt.Lett. 1992, 17:420~422
5 M C. Farries, C M. Ragdale, D C. Reid. Broadband chirped fiber Bragg filters for pump rejection and recycling in erbium doped fiber amplifiers. Electron. Lett.1992, 28:487~489
6 R. Kashyap ,R. Wyatt, R. J. Campbell. Wideband gain flattened erbium fiber amplifier using a photosensitive fiber blazed grating. Electron. Lett. 1993, 29:154~156
7 F..Ouellette All-fiber filter for efficient dispersion compensation. Opt. Lett. 1991, 16:303~305
8 J. A. R. Williams, I. Bennion, K. Sugden et al. Fiber Dispersion compensation using a chirped in-fiber Bragg grating. Election. Lett.1994,30:985~987
9 S. Theriault, K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau et al. High-g accelerometer based on an in-fiber Bragg grating sensor. Proc. 11th Inter. Conf. on Optical Fiber sensoes,Sapporo, Japan, 1996,196~199
10 Y. J. Rao, Ba. Hurle, K. Kalli et al. Spatially-multiplexed fiber-optic interferometric and grating sensor system for quasi-static absolute measurements. Proc. 11th Inter. Conf. on OFS 1996, Sensor, Sappro, Japan, 666~669
11姜德生,何伟.光纤光栅传感器的应用概况.光电子·激光, 2002, 13(4):420~430
12鲍吉龙,张献民.光纤光栅传感器及其应用.激光技术, 2000, 24(5):174~179
13詹亚歌,向世清,方祖捷等.光纤光栅传感器的应用.物理学与高新技术, 2004,33(1):58~61
14刘云启,郭转运.光纤光栅传感测量中的交叉敏感机制及其解决方案.光电子·激光, 1999, 10(2):179~182
15贾振安,乔学光,傅海威等.光纤光栅温度增敏技术.西北大学学报, 2003, 33(4):413~415
16谢芳,张书练,李岩等.光纤光栅传感器的波长检测系统及其理论分析.光学学报, 2002, 22(6):726~730
17贾宝华,盛秋琴.光纤光栅振动传感解调方法的研究.光电子.激光, 2001, 12(7):758~761
18谢芳,王慧琴.用光纤F-P滤波器解调的光纤光栅传感器的研究.光电子.激光, 2003, 14(4):359~362
19杨华勇,周伟林,李智忠等.窄带激光器调谐的光纤光栅波长移位解调.半导体光电, 2005, 26(1):75~78
20余有龙,谭华耀,王骇.环形腔光纤激光器波长选择技术.中国激光, 2002, 29(1):1~4
21廖延彪.光纤光学.北京:清华大学出版社, 2000, 131~135/198~204
22勒伟,廖延凯,张志鹏.导波光学传感器:原理与技术.北京:科学出版社, 1998
23王目光,李唐军,卓锋等.光纤光栅传感器应变和温度交叉敏感问题分析.光通信研究, 2001, 25(6):50~53
24吕且妮,张以漠,刘铁根等.光纤光栅传感测量中的交叉敏感研究.天津大学学报, 2002, 35(4):425~428
25焦明星,赵恩国.光纤Bragg光栅应变、温度交叉敏感问题解决方案.应用光学, 2003, 24(2):20~23
26李智忠,杨华勇,刘阳等.光纤光栅交叉敏感解决方案研究.光通信技术, 2004, (6):20~22
27鲍吉龙,章献民,陈抗生等.FBG传感网络技术研究.光通信技术, 2001, 25(2):86~89
28 Zhao Y Liao Y.Discrimination Methods and Demodulatio Techniques for Fiber Bragg Grating sensors. OPt.Las.Eng. 2004, 41(1):1~18
29原荣.光纤通信网络.北京:电子工业出版社, 1999:203~205
30 Djafar K.Mynbaev, Lowell L.Scheiner,徐公权等译.光纤通信技术.机械工业出版社, 2002:412~414
31李若明,余有龙,代文江.光纤光栅传感器阵列有源时域地址查询技术.光学学报, 2007, 27(11):1950~1954
32曹雪,余有龙,刘盛春.具有有源闭合腔的光纤光栅传感系统地址查询技术.光学学报, 2007, 27(8):1405~1408
33张伟刚,开桂云,董孝义等.光纤光栅多点传感的理论与实验研究.光学学报, 2004, 24(3):330~336
34张伟刚,涂勤昌,孙磊等.光纤光栅传感器的理论、设计及应用的最新进展.物理学进展, 2004, 24(4):398~423
35王敏.光纤布喇格光栅传感网络信息解调系统的研究. [西安石油学院硕士学位论文]. 2006:16~27
36 M A Davis , A.D.Kersey.All-Fiber Bragg Grating strain-Sensor Demodulation Technique using a wavelength Division Coupler. Electron. Lett., 1994, 30(l):75~77
37 L A Feoeira,J L Santos.Pseudoheterodyne Demodulation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors using Matched Gratings. IEEE photon. Techn. Lett., 1997, 9(4):487~489
38贾宏志,李育林等.用可调谐法布里-泊罗腔测量光纤光栅波长.激光杂志, 2000, 21(2):58~61
39 A D Kersey,T A Berkoff,W W Morie.MultiPlexed Bragg Grating Fiber-Laser Strain Sensor System with a Fiber F-P Wavelength Filter. Opt.Lett 1993,18(16):1370~1372
40 A D Kersey, T A berkoff, Dual. Wavelength Fiber Interferometer with Wavelength Selection Via Fiber Bragg Grating Elements. Electron.Lett., 1992, 28(13):1215~1216
41李丽,林玉池.干涉解调技术在光线光栅传感系统中的应用.传感技术学报, 2005, 32(3):657~660
42沈小燕,林玉池. Lab VIEW实现光纤光栅传感解调.光电工程, 2005, 29(6), 865~868
43余有龙,谭华耀.基于干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统.光学学报, 2001, 1(8):987~989
44 B Lissak, A Arie.Highly Sensitive Strain Measurements by locking laser to Fiber Bragg Grating. OPt.Lett., 1998, 23(24):1930~1932
45陈清海,林玉池,王为,朱永涛.基于Michelson干涉解调技术的光线光栅传感系统.光电子技术, 2006, 26(1):45~47
46 A D Kersey ,W W Morey.Multi-element Bragg Grating Based Fiber Laser Strain sensor. EleCtron.Lett., 1993, 29(1):112~114
47 A D Kersey.MultiPlexed Bragg grating fiber laser strain sensor system with modelocked intermgation[J].Electron. Lett.,1993,29(1):964~966
48关柏鸥,余有龙,葛春风等.光纤光栅法布里-泊罗腔透射特性的理论研究.光学学报, 2000, 20(1):34~37
49曹雪,余有龙,刘盛春.具有有源闭合腔的光纤光栅传感系统地址查询技术.光学学报, 2007, 27(8):1405~1408
50陈冬梅.分布式传感系统及其在煤矿安全监测中的应用. [山东大学硕士学位论文]. 2006:27~57
51 National Institute of standards &Technology. Sample Certificate,Standard Reference Material2517, Wavelength Reference Abruption cell Acetylene [S]
52 Davis. Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation System with A adaptive Calibration. United States Patent:581~585
53 Eric Udd,Fiber Optic Sensors: An Introduction for Engineer and scientists,John Wiley&Sons, Inc, 1991
54 P. Ge, M. Jouaneh. Tracking Control of a Piezoceramic Actuator. IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology. 1996, 14(3):209~216
55 A.B.Lobo Ribeiro, L.A. Ferreira, J.L.Santos, and D. A.Jackson. Analysis of the Reflective-matched Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Interrogation Scheme. Applied Opitcs, 1997, 4(1):934~939
56张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路.北京.机械工业出版社. 2004:101~128
2 D. J. Webb, J Surowiee, Metal Sweeney. 1996 Miniature fiber optic ultrasonic probe Proc. SPIE 2839 paper:8
3 S. M Melle, T. Alavic, Set al Karr. A Bragg grating-tuned fiber laser strain sensor system IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 1993, 5:263~266
4 G. A. Ball, W. W. Morey.Continuously tunable single-mode fiber laser. Opt.Lett. 1992, 17:420~422
5 M C. Farries, C M. Ragdale, D C. Reid. Broadband chirped fiber Bragg filters for pump rejection and recycling in erbium doped fiber amplifiers. Electron. Lett.1992, 28:487~489
6 R. Kashyap ,R. Wyatt, R. J. Campbell. Wideband gain flattened erbium fiber amplifier using a photosensitive fiber blazed grating. Electron. Lett. 1993, 29:154~156
7 F..Ouellette All-fiber filter for efficient dispersion compensation. Opt. Lett. 1991, 16:303~305
8 J. A. R. Williams, I. Bennion, K. Sugden et al. Fiber Dispersion compensation using a chirped in-fiber Bragg grating. Election. Lett.1994,30:985~987
9 S. Theriault, K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau et al. High-g accelerometer based on an in-fiber Bragg grating sensor. Proc. 11th Inter. Conf. on Optical Fiber sensoes,Sapporo, Japan, 1996,196~199
10 Y. J. Rao, Ba. Hurle, K. Kalli et al. Spatially-multiplexed fiber-optic interferometric and grating sensor system for quasi-static absolute measurements. Proc. 11th Inter. Conf. on OFS 1996, Sensor, Sappro, Japan, 666~669
11姜德生,何伟.光纤光栅传感器的应用概况.光电子·激光, 2002, 13(4):420~430
12鲍吉龙,张献民.光纤光栅传感器及其应用.激光技术, 2000, 24(5):174~179
13詹亚歌,向世清,方祖捷等.光纤光栅传感器的应用.物理学与高新技术, 2004,33(1):58~61
14刘云启,郭转运.光纤光栅传感测量中的交叉敏感机制及其解决方案.光电子·激光, 1999, 10(2):179~182
15贾振安,乔学光,傅海威等.光纤光栅温度增敏技术.西北大学学报, 2003, 33(4):413~415
16谢芳,张书练,李岩等.光纤光栅传感器的波长检测系统及其理论分析.光学学报, 2002, 22(6):726~730
17贾宝华,盛秋琴.光纤光栅振动传感解调方法的研究.光电子.激光, 2001, 12(7):758~761
18谢芳,王慧琴.用光纤F-P滤波器解调的光纤光栅传感器的研究.光电子.激光, 2003, 14(4):359~362
19杨华勇,周伟林,李智忠等.窄带激光器调谐的光纤光栅波长移位解调.半导体光电, 2005, 26(1):75~78
20余有龙,谭华耀,王骇.环形腔光纤激光器波长选择技术.中国激光, 2002, 29(1):1~4
21廖延彪.光纤光学.北京:清华大学出版社, 2000, 131~135/198~204
22勒伟,廖延凯,张志鹏.导波光学传感器:原理与技术.北京:科学出版社, 1998
23王目光,李唐军,卓锋等.光纤光栅传感器应变和温度交叉敏感问题分析.光通信研究, 2001, 25(6):50~53
24吕且妮,张以漠,刘铁根等.光纤光栅传感测量中的交叉敏感研究.天津大学学报, 2002, 35(4):425~428
25焦明星,赵恩国.光纤Bragg光栅应变、温度交叉敏感问题解决方案.应用光学, 2003, 24(2):20~23
26李智忠,杨华勇,刘阳等.光纤光栅交叉敏感解决方案研究.光通信技术, 2004, (6):20~22
27鲍吉龙,章献民,陈抗生等.FBG传感网络技术研究.光通信技术, 2001, 25(2):86~89
28 Zhao Y Liao Y.Discrimination Methods and Demodulatio Techniques for Fiber Bragg Grating sensors. OPt.Las.Eng. 2004, 41(1):1~18
29原荣.光纤通信网络.北京:电子工业出版社, 1999:203~205
30 Djafar K.Mynbaev, Lowell L.Scheiner,徐公权等译.光纤通信技术.机械工业出版社, 2002:412~414
31李若明,余有龙,代文江.光纤光栅传感器阵列有源时域地址查询技术.光学学报, 2007, 27(11):1950~1954
32曹雪,余有龙,刘盛春.具有有源闭合腔的光纤光栅传感系统地址查询技术.光学学报, 2007, 27(8):1405~1408
33张伟刚,开桂云,董孝义等.光纤光栅多点传感的理论与实验研究.光学学报, 2004, 24(3):330~336
34张伟刚,涂勤昌,孙磊等.光纤光栅传感器的理论、设计及应用的最新进展.物理学进展, 2004, 24(4):398~423
35王敏.光纤布喇格光栅传感网络信息解调系统的研究. [西安石油学院硕士学位论文]. 2006:16~27
36 M A Davis , A.D.Kersey.All-Fiber Bragg Grating strain-Sensor Demodulation Technique using a wavelength Division Coupler. Electron. Lett., 1994, 30(l):75~77
37 L A Feoeira,J L Santos.Pseudoheterodyne Demodulation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors using Matched Gratings. IEEE photon. Techn. Lett., 1997, 9(4):487~489
38贾宏志,李育林等.用可调谐法布里-泊罗腔测量光纤光栅波长.激光杂志, 2000, 21(2):58~61
39 A D Kersey,T A Berkoff,W W Morie.MultiPlexed Bragg Grating Fiber-Laser Strain Sensor System with a Fiber F-P Wavelength Filter. Opt.Lett 1993,18(16):1370~1372
40 A D Kersey, T A berkoff, Dual. Wavelength Fiber Interferometer with Wavelength Selection Via Fiber Bragg Grating Elements. Electron.Lett., 1992, 28(13):1215~1216
41李丽,林玉池.干涉解调技术在光线光栅传感系统中的应用.传感技术学报, 2005, 32(3):657~660
42沈小燕,林玉池. Lab VIEW实现光纤光栅传感解调.光电工程, 2005, 29(6), 865~868
43余有龙,谭华耀.基于干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统.光学学报, 2001, 1(8):987~989
44 B Lissak, A Arie.Highly Sensitive Strain Measurements by locking laser to Fiber Bragg Grating. OPt.Lett., 1998, 23(24):1930~1932
45陈清海,林玉池,王为,朱永涛.基于Michelson干涉解调技术的光线光栅传感系统.光电子技术, 2006, 26(1):45~47
46 A D Kersey ,W W Morey.Multi-element Bragg Grating Based Fiber Laser Strain sensor. EleCtron.Lett., 1993, 29(1):112~114
47 A D Kersey.MultiPlexed Bragg grating fiber laser strain sensor system with modelocked intermgation[J].Electron. Lett.,1993,29(1):964~966
48关柏鸥,余有龙,葛春风等.光纤光栅法布里-泊罗腔透射特性的理论研究.光学学报, 2000, 20(1):34~37
49曹雪,余有龙,刘盛春.具有有源闭合腔的光纤光栅传感系统地址查询技术.光学学报, 2007, 27(8):1405~1408
50陈冬梅.分布式传感系统及其在煤矿安全监测中的应用. [山东大学硕士学位论文]. 2006:27~57
51 National Institute of standards &Technology. Sample Certificate,Standard Reference Material2517, Wavelength Reference Abruption cell Acetylene [S]
52 Davis. Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation System with A adaptive Calibration. United States Patent:581~585
53 Eric Udd,Fiber Optic Sensors: An Introduction for Engineer and scientists,John Wiley&Sons, Inc, 1991
54 P. Ge, M. Jouaneh. Tracking Control of a Piezoceramic Actuator. IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology. 1996, 14(3):209~216
55 A.B.Lobo Ribeiro, L.A. Ferreira, J.L.Santos, and D. A.Jackson. Analysis of the Reflective-matched Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Interrogation Scheme. Applied Opitcs, 1997, 4(1):934~939
56张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路.北京.机械工业出版社. 2004:101~128