干涉型光纤振动传感器解调方法的研究
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摘要
光纤传感器因为广泛的应用领域以及极大的发展潜力而日益受到人们的重视,其研究开发受到世界各国有关学术界的高度重视,而且已成功研制出百余种光纤传感器。研究新型的光纤干涉传感器的解调方法,使解调方法更加简便,并使振动的测量具有更高的信噪比,已经是光纤干涉传感器的研究方向。本文提出了一种新型的干涉型光纤传感器,并对其解调方法做了研究。
第一章首先概述了光纤传感器的国内外发展情况；其次阐述了光纤传感器的分类,主要介绍了强度型、波长调制型和相位调制型振动传感器；最后着重介绍了几种常见的相位型传感器如迈克尔逊型、马赫-曾德尔型等。
第二章详细叙述了光纤传感系统中常用的几种解调方法,对相位检测技术作了重点说明,着重阐述了相位生成载波零差解调技术的原理,并同反正切函数法进行了对比,针对正交信号的反正切函数处理法解调结果不会受到光源和载波的影响。
第三章介绍了在光纤振动传感器系统中影响系统测量性能的因素,主要从光源产生的噪声以及电路中的噪声分别进行分析。并讨论了降低光源噪声的方法,从根本上提高了系统的信噪比；通过双路探测减少外界环境对系统的影响提高信噪比；在电路的分析中了解噪声产生的根源,通过优化电路提高了系统的信噪比及稳定性。
第四章主要提出了基于波导调制器的Michelson双路测振系统,利用实验室自行研制的单频窄线宽保偏光纤激光器作为光源,极大地减少了光程差对系统的影响；引入波导调制器,避免了因光源调制或PZT调制引起的不利因素；最后采用反正切函算法对信号进行解调,实现了对振动信号的保真拾取。另外设计了一种基于双波长光源干涉型传感器仪,优化了解调方法,通过模拟实验表明,本方法可以消除环境干扰对解调结果的影响,还原待测信号。
A variety of optical sensors have been paid a lot of attention by people in photoelectron technology, especially interferometer optic-fiber sensor with higher sensitivity and precision has been developed greatly, and hundreds of kinds of optical fiber sensors had been developed successfully. The research direction is novel demodulation methods of optical fiber interferometer sensors, and more convenient demodulation steps make vibration measurement have higher signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, some of the work carried out with the new style of the interferometer optical-fiber sensors and the demodulation methods.
The first chapter introduces the development of optical fiber sensors from abroad, describes optical fiber sensors with phase modulation, intensity modulation and wavelength modulation, at last several optical fiber sensors of phase modulation such as Mechelson, Mach-Zehnder have been introduced.
The second chapter introduces the fiber optic sensor demodulation system used several methods, vibration measurement systems were used for phase detection techniques highlighted, focusing on the PGC method. And then arctangent method which was not affected by the light source and carrier, was compared to the PGC demodulation.
The third chapter describes the noise of the optical fiber vibration sensor system, mainly from the laser source noise and circuit noise. And discuss ways to reduce laser source noise, and fundamentally improve the system SNR; proceed through the dual detection of the light path system to reduce the impact of the external environment noise to improve SNR; in circuit analysis to understand the root causes of noise by optimizing the circuit can also improve system SNR and stability.
Chapter IV introduces a structure which was based on the Michelson interferometer, we use the circulator to realize the dual-path detection of the vibration signal, which reduce the intensity noise caused by laser source. The fiber waveguide modulator was used in the system instead of PZT. Then the arctangent algorithm was used instead of PGC algorithm to demodulate the signals, which could greatly simplify the algorithm. The output of the signals were demodulated by arctangent algorithm compiled by Labview, the vibration signal can be detected at the same time. And then presents a optical fiber interferometer based on laser of two wavelengh, simulation experiments show that this method can eliminate the environmental impact of interference on the demodulation result, reducing the disturbance of the environment.
第一章首先概述了光纤传感器的国内外发展情况；其次阐述了光纤传感器的分类,主要介绍了强度型、波长调制型和相位调制型振动传感器；最后着重介绍了几种常见的相位型传感器如迈克尔逊型、马赫-曾德尔型等。
第二章详细叙述了光纤传感系统中常用的几种解调方法,对相位检测技术作了重点说明,着重阐述了相位生成载波零差解调技术的原理,并同反正切函数法进行了对比,针对正交信号的反正切函数处理法解调结果不会受到光源和载波的影响。
第三章介绍了在光纤振动传感器系统中影响系统测量性能的因素,主要从光源产生的噪声以及电路中的噪声分别进行分析。并讨论了降低光源噪声的方法,从根本上提高了系统的信噪比；通过双路探测减少外界环境对系统的影响提高信噪比；在电路的分析中了解噪声产生的根源,通过优化电路提高了系统的信噪比及稳定性。
第四章主要提出了基于波导调制器的Michelson双路测振系统,利用实验室自行研制的单频窄线宽保偏光纤激光器作为光源,极大地减少了光程差对系统的影响；引入波导调制器,避免了因光源调制或PZT调制引起的不利因素；最后采用反正切函算法对信号进行解调,实现了对振动信号的保真拾取。另外设计了一种基于双波长光源干涉型传感器仪,优化了解调方法,通过模拟实验表明,本方法可以消除环境干扰对解调结果的影响,还原待测信号。
A variety of optical sensors have been paid a lot of attention by people in photoelectron technology, especially interferometer optic-fiber sensor with higher sensitivity and precision has been developed greatly, and hundreds of kinds of optical fiber sensors had been developed successfully. The research direction is novel demodulation methods of optical fiber interferometer sensors, and more convenient demodulation steps make vibration measurement have higher signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, some of the work carried out with the new style of the interferometer optical-fiber sensors and the demodulation methods.
The first chapter introduces the development of optical fiber sensors from abroad, describes optical fiber sensors with phase modulation, intensity modulation and wavelength modulation, at last several optical fiber sensors of phase modulation such as Mechelson, Mach-Zehnder have been introduced.
The second chapter introduces the fiber optic sensor demodulation system used several methods, vibration measurement systems were used for phase detection techniques highlighted, focusing on the PGC method. And then arctangent method which was not affected by the light source and carrier, was compared to the PGC demodulation.
The third chapter describes the noise of the optical fiber vibration sensor system, mainly from the laser source noise and circuit noise. And discuss ways to reduce laser source noise, and fundamentally improve the system SNR; proceed through the dual detection of the light path system to reduce the impact of the external environment noise to improve SNR; in circuit analysis to understand the root causes of noise by optimizing the circuit can also improve system SNR and stability.
Chapter IV introduces a structure which was based on the Michelson interferometer, we use the circulator to realize the dual-path detection of the vibration signal, which reduce the intensity noise caused by laser source. The fiber waveguide modulator was used in the system instead of PZT. Then the arctangent algorithm was used instead of PGC algorithm to demodulate the signals, which could greatly simplify the algorithm. The output of the signals were demodulated by arctangent algorithm compiled by Labview, the vibration signal can be detected at the same time. And then presents a optical fiber interferometer based on laser of two wavelengh, simulation experiments show that this method can eliminate the environmental impact of interference on the demodulation result, reducing the disturbance of the environment.
引文
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