基于Polling的P2P流媒体网络优化信令协议研究
摘要
大规模P2P (Peer-to-Peer)流媒体应用中,由于客户端的异构性、分布式和用户行为的个性化、随机性带来了QoS (Quality of Service)维护问题和扩展性问题。
本论文主要研究优化的P2P流媒体网络的信令协议。通过研究基于超网的P2P网络分布式重叠拓扑(Overlay Topology)构架和信息模型,建立具有位置意识的P2P分布式重叠拓扑构造和维护机制；通过研究用户的普遍网络意识和行为,提出节点服务能力效用分类算法,建立基于Polling的具有位置意识(Local-Awareness)、QoS意识(QoS-Awareness)、信任意识(Trust-Awareness)、奖励意识(Award-Awareness)、同步意识(Synchronization-Awareness)、开销意识(Cost-Awareness)的服务节点(Serving Peer)选择和调整机制,解决了当前P2P网络中存在的拓扑不匹配问题,实现小世界网络(Small World),提高QoS的保证能力；通过研究基于超级管理节点服务能力的资格分类算法,建立超级节点的选举和维护机制；通过研究节点的失效和性能评估算法,建立业务信息和性能信息同步机制,解决了P2P网络的扩展性问题和可靠性问题。
以上问题的解决,将有力的推动流媒体业务在宽带网络和数字电视网络上的开展和普及。
In the large-scale P2P (Peer-to-Peer) streaming applications, the heterogeneous and distributed clients as well as the different and random behavior of user lead to the problems of QoS maintenance and scalability.
This paper will focus on the QoS mechanisms of high-performance P2P streaming network. A construction and maintenance mechanism of distributed position-aware P2P overlay topology is established, based on the study of supernet based P2P distributed network overlay topology architecture and information model. By researching the users' general awareness and behaviors on the network, an effective node service capabilities classification algorithm is developed, and a Polling-based Serving Peer selection and adjustment mechanism with Local-Awareness, QoS-Awareness, Trust-Awareness, Award-Awareness, Cost-Awareness and Synchronization-Awareness is established, which can solve the problem of P2P network topology mismatch, and can realize the Small World and improve the QoS ability. A qualification classification algorithm based on the capacity of super manager node is developed, and a maintenance and election mechanism for super-nodes is established. By researching the node's failure and performance evaluation algorithms, a synchronization mechanism for traffic information and performance information is developed, which can greatly improve the P2P network scalability and reliability.
The work of this paper will effectively promote the development of streaming media in the broadband networks and digital television networks
本论文主要研究优化的P2P流媒体网络的信令协议。通过研究基于超网的P2P网络分布式重叠拓扑(Overlay Topology)构架和信息模型,建立具有位置意识的P2P分布式重叠拓扑构造和维护机制；通过研究用户的普遍网络意识和行为,提出节点服务能力效用分类算法,建立基于Polling的具有位置意识(Local-Awareness)、QoS意识(QoS-Awareness)、信任意识(Trust-Awareness)、奖励意识(Award-Awareness)、同步意识(Synchronization-Awareness)、开销意识(Cost-Awareness)的服务节点(Serving Peer)选择和调整机制,解决了当前P2P网络中存在的拓扑不匹配问题,实现小世界网络(Small World),提高QoS的保证能力；通过研究基于超级管理节点服务能力的资格分类算法,建立超级节点的选举和维护机制；通过研究节点的失效和性能评估算法,建立业务信息和性能信息同步机制,解决了P2P网络的扩展性问题和可靠性问题。
以上问题的解决,将有力的推动流媒体业务在宽带网络和数字电视网络上的开展和普及。
In the large-scale P2P (Peer-to-Peer) streaming applications, the heterogeneous and distributed clients as well as the different and random behavior of user lead to the problems of QoS maintenance and scalability.
This paper will focus on the QoS mechanisms of high-performance P2P streaming network. A construction and maintenance mechanism of distributed position-aware P2P overlay topology is established, based on the study of supernet based P2P distributed network overlay topology architecture and information model. By researching the users' general awareness and behaviors on the network, an effective node service capabilities classification algorithm is developed, and a Polling-based Serving Peer selection and adjustment mechanism with Local-Awareness, QoS-Awareness, Trust-Awareness, Award-Awareness, Cost-Awareness and Synchronization-Awareness is established, which can solve the problem of P2P network topology mismatch, and can realize the Small World and improve the QoS ability. A qualification classification algorithm based on the capacity of super manager node is developed, and a maintenance and election mechanism for super-nodes is established. By researching the node's failure and performance evaluation algorithms, a synchronization mechanism for traffic information and performance information is developed, which can greatly improve the P2P network scalability and reliability.
The work of this paper will effectively promote the development of streaming media in the broadband networks and digital television networks
引文
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[2]M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, D. Xu, and B. Bhargava, "PROMISE:Peer-to-Peer media streaming using CollectCast," in Proceedings ACM Multimedia'03, Berkeley, CA, Nov.2003, pp. 45-54.
[3]M. Feldman, K. Lai, I. Stoica, and J. Chuang, "Scalable and robust incentive techniques for P2P networks," in Proc. ACMConf. Electronic Commerce (EC'04), New York, May 2004, pp. 102-111.
[4]M. Nowak and K. Sigmund, "Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring," Nature, vol.393, pp.573-577,1998.
[5]Zheng-Yi Huang; Sheng-De Wang; A Dependable Outbound Bandwidth Based Approach for Peer to Peer Media Streaming. Dependable Computing,2006. PRDC'06.12th Pacific Rim International Symposium on. Dec.2006 Page(s):221-229.
[6]J. Ganesh, Anne-Marie Kermarrec, Laurent Massouli. Peer-to-Peer Membership Management for Gossip-Based Protocols. IEEE Transactions on Computers, v.52 n.2, p.139-149, February 2003.
[7]Changxi Zheng,Guobin Shen,Shipeng Li. Distributed Prefetching Scheme for Random Seek Support in Peer to Peer Streaming Applications. In Proc. ACM P2PMMS'05, November 2005.
[8]Chuan Wu,Baochun Li.Peer-to-Peer tree construction:Optimal Peer selection for minimum-delay Peer-to-Peer streaming with rateless codes. In Proc. ACM P2PMMS'05, November 2005.
[9]Miguel Castro, Peter Druschel, Anne-Marie Kermarrec, Animesh Nandi, Antony Rowstron, Atul Singh. SplitStream:high-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments. Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, October 19-22,2003, Bolton Landing, NY, USA.
[10]M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, D. Xu, and B. Bhargava. PROMISE:Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Using CollectCast. In Proc. of ACM Multimedia 2003, November 2003.
[11]Meng Zhang, Li Zhao, Yun Tang, Jian-Guang Luo, Shi-Qiang Yang. Large-Scale Live Media Streaming over Peer-to-Peer Networks through Global Internet In Proc. of ACM P2PMMS'05, November 2005.
[12]D. A. Tran, K. A. Hua, and T. Do. ZIGZAG:An Efficient Peer-to-Peer Scheme for Media Streaming. In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2003, March 2003.
[13]S. Banerjee, B. Bhattacharjee, and C. Kommareddy. Scalable Application Layer Multicast. In Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 2002, August 2002.
[14]Y. Cui and K. Nahrstedt, Layered Peer-to-Peer streaming. In Proc. Of ACM NOSSDAV, 2003.
[15]Bin Rong,Khalil,Tari.A gossip-based membership management algorithm for large-scale Peer-to-Peer media streaming.Local Computer Networks,2005.30th Anniversary. The IEEE Conference on 15-17 Nov.2005.
[16]Y. hua Chu, S. Rao, S. Seshan, and H. Zhang. A case for end system multicast. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication (JSAC), Special Issue on Networking Support for Multicast,20(8).1456-1471, Oct.2002.
[17]D. Liben-Nowell, H. Balakrishnan, and D. Karger. Analysis of the evolution of Peer-to-Peer systems. In ACM Conf. on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), Monterey, CA, July 2002.
[18]Dafu Deng; Hai Jin. A Layered-Rings Overlay Network for On-demand Media Streaming Service and Its Performance Analysis. Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services,2005. ICAS-ICNS 2005.83-83.
[19]M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, D. Xu, and B. Bhargava.PROMISE:Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Using CollectCast.Proc. of ACM SIGMM'03, Berkeley, CA.45-54, Nov.2003.
[20]X.Jiang,Y.Dong,D.Xu,B.Bhargava.GNUSTREAM:A P2P Media Streaming system prototype.Proc. in ICME'03, July 2003.
[21]Lei Zhang,Kwok-Tung Lo.A parent search method in Peer-to-Peer media streaming networks.Circuits and Systems.2004. Proceedings. The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference.Dec 2004. Volume 2,6-9.897-900.
[22]D.A. Tran, K.A. Hua, T.T. Do.A Peer-to-Peer architecture for Media Streaming.IEEE Journal on Selecfed Areas in Communications.Jan 2004.vol.22.121-133.
[23]Z.Xiang,Q.Zhang,W.Zhu,Z.Zhang,Y.Q. Zhang.Peer-to-Peer based multimedia dishibution service.IEEE Transacfion on Multimedia.April 2004.vol.6, no.2.343-355.
[24]L.Zhang,K.T.Lo.A Peer-to-Peer architecture for on demand video streaming on Internet. Proceedings Internafional Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (rCCCAS'O4). July 2004.
[25]Jin Li.PeerStreaming:An On-Demand Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Solution Based On A Receiver-Driven Streaming Protocol. Multimedia Signal Processing,2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Oct.2005.1-4.
[26]S.Banerjee,B.Bhattacharjee,C.Kommareddy,G.Varghese.Scalable application layer multicast. ACM SIGCOMM'02. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.August 2002.205-220.
[27]D.Tran,K.Hua,T.Do.ZIGZAG:An efficient Peer-to-Peer scheme for media streaming.IEEE INFOCOM'03, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 2003.
[28]V.Padmanabhan,K.Sripanidkulchai.The Case for ative Networkina.In Proc of the First International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS), Cambridge, MA, USA, March 2002.
[29]M.Castro,P.Druschel,M.Kennarrec,A.Nandi,A.Rowstron,A.Singh.SplitStream:High-bandwi dth content distribution in a cooperative environment.In Proc. Of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, Berkeley, CA, February,2003.
[30]X.Jiang,Y.Dong,D.Xu,B.Bhargava.GnuStream:a P2P Media streaming system prototype. In Proc of IEEE Intern. Conf on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2003), Baltimore, MD, June 2003.
[31]Y.Cui,B.Li,K.Nahrstedt.oStream:asynchronous streaming multicast in application-layer overlay networks.IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Comm.Jan 2004..vol.22,no.1.91-106.
[32]Chao Zhang,Hai Jin,Dafu Deng,Sirui Yang,Quan Yuan,Zuoning Yin.Anysee: Multicast-based Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Service System. Communications,2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on 03-05 Oct.2005.274-278.
[33]S. Banerjee, B. Bhattacharjee, and C. Kommareddy.Scalable application layer multicast. In Proc. of ACM Sigcomm Aug.2002.
[34]Y.-H. Chu, S. G. Rao, and H. Zhang.A Case for End SystemMulticast.In Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS, Jun.2000.
[35]M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, D. Xu, and B. Bhargava/PROMISE:Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Using CollectCast.Proc.of ACM SIGMM'03, Berkeley, CA, Nov.,2003.45-54,
[36]S. Ratnasamy, M. Handley, R. Karp, and S.Shenker.Topologically-Awareness Overlay Construction and Server Selection.In Proc. of IEEE Infocomm 2002, NewYork,USA, Jun.2002.
[37]D.Purandare,Guha,R.BEAM:An Efficient Peer to Peer Media Streaming Framework. Local Computer Networks, Proceedings 2006 31st IEEE Conference on. Nov.2006.513-514.
[38]C. Dana, D. Li, D. Harrison, and C.-N. Chuah. BASS:BitTorrent assisted streaming system for video-on-demand. In International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP). IEEE Press,2005.
[39]A. Vlavionos, M. Iliofotou, and M.Faloutsos. BiToS:Enhancing BitTorrent for Supporting Streaming Applications. In IEEE INFOCOM 2006 Global Internet Workshop April 28-29,2006.
[40]S. Annapureddy, C.Gkantsidis, P. Rodroguez, and L. Massouliea. Providing Video-on-Demand using Peer-to-Peer Networks. Microsoft Technical Report MSR-TR-2005-147.
[41]N. Magharei, A. Rasti, D. Stutzbach, R. Rejaiea. Peer-to-Peer Receiver-driven Mesh-based Streaming. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM, Poster Session, August 2005.
[42]Gang Chen,Guo-xin Wu.A Client Peer Adjustment Policy for Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming.International Conference on Volume 1, Nov.2006 Page(s):98-102.
[43]X.R.Tan,S.Datta.Building multicast trees for multimedia streaming in heterogeneous P2P networks.Proceedings of the 2005 Systems Communications,2005.
[44]M.Castro,P.Druschel,A.M.Kermarrec,A.Nandi,A.Rowstron,A.Singh.SplitStream: High-bandwidth content distribution in cooperative environments.Proceedings of 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles.2003.292-303.
[45]R. Zimmermann,L. S.Liu. ACTIVE:Adaptive Low-latency Peer-to-Peer Streaming. Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking 2005.26-37.
[46]X.Zhang, J.Liu,B.Li,T-S.P.Yum.Coolstreaming/DONet:A data-driven overlay network for live media streaming.Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM'05,2005.
[47]X.Zhang, J.Liu,B.Li,T-S.P.Yum.Data-Driven Overlay Streaming:Design, Implementation and Experience.Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM'05,2005.
[48]B.G.Chun,B.Y.Zhao,J.D.Kubiatowicz.Impact of Neighbor Selection and Performance and Resilience of Structured P2P Networks.Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems.2005.264-274.
[49]Liao Rongtao,Yu Shengsheng,Yu Jing.SecureCast:A Secure Media Streaming Scheme over Peer-to-Peer Networks. Intelligent Information Technology Application, Workshop on-3 Dec. 2007.95-98.
[50]X.Zhang,J.Liu,B.Li,T.P.Yum.DONet:A data driven overlay network for efficient live media streaming.in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM'05, Miami, FL,2005.
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