基于面阵CCD的工业零部件典型尺寸检测系统研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术和光电技术的飞速发展,数字图像检测技术得到了迅速发展和广泛应用,它作为一种非接触检测手段已经越来越引起人们的重视。采用这种自动成像检测系统能克服人工检测带来的不利因素,提高检测精度和效率,降低生产成本。
本文主要研究了基于面阵CCD的工业零部件典型尺寸检测系统。该系统采用光学方法,通过面阵CCD获取工业零部件横截面数字图像,使用图像预处理软件对所获取的图像进行预处理,消除图像噪声。采用边缘检测方法得到工业零部件精确的边缘图像。使用自行编制的尺寸检测软件检测了工业零部件典型尺寸——直径、不规则度和圆度误差。
本文主要从数字图像检测关键技术、检测系统的组成、边缘检测定位方法和检测系统的标定等方面进行了研究。通过对图像预处理以及边缘提取算法的分析和研究,编写了相应程序,提取了清晰的工业零部件边缘图像。针对典型工业零部件横截面边缘的形态特点,设计了直径、不规则度和圆度误差检测软件,为工业零部件的尺寸检测打下了基础。为了提高测量精度,本文还使用了亚像素定位算法对图像进行亚像素定位,克服了CCD的测量精度的不足。
本文将研究结果应用于两种典型的工业零部件——固定夹螺孔和金属垫圈的典型尺寸检测。构建了数字图像检测系统的硬件结构,使用自行设计的软件对固定夹螺孔和金属垫圈的孔径、不规则度和圆度误差进行了测量。最后对测量结果进行了精度分析和误差讨论。通过测量实验结果可以看出本系统的检测效果是令人满意的。
With the rapid development of computer technology and photoelectricity technology, the digital image detecting technology has been used more and more widely. As a non-touched detecting method, the digital image detecting technology is getting increasing regard. Using this automatic detecting system can overcome the disadvantages of manual detecting, and can not only improve the detecting precision and efficiency but also reduce the production cost.
In this thesis we mainly research on the industry parts typical sizes detecting system based on surface array CCD. This system use optical means to get the digital image of industry parts’cross section through surface array CCD. Then use image pretreatting software to treat the digital image in order to eliminate the disturbances. Use the edge detecting means to get the precise edge image of industry parts’cross section. Finally, use size detecting software to get the typical geometrical sizes such as diameter, abnormity and roundness error.
This thesis deeply research on the key technology of digital image detecting, constitution of the detecting system, edge detecting methods and demarcation of the detecting system, etc. Through the research on image pretreatment and edge detecting arithmetic, we design corresponding software, and distill the clear edge image. In this thesis we design the measure and display software of diameter, abnormity and roundness error according to the character of round cross section industry parts. This work can be the basis of size detection of industry parts. To conquer the precision shortage of CCD, we also use sub-pixel arithmetic in this detecting system.
In the end of this thesis we apply the system on two typical industry parts: screw of fixed nip and metal gasket. We build the hardware structure of digital image detecting system, measure the diameter、abnormity and roundness error of screw of fixed nip and metal gasket using self-made software. Then we analyze the precision of the result and discuss the source of error. Through our experiment we can see that the detecting result of our system can be satisfied.
本文主要研究了基于面阵CCD的工业零部件典型尺寸检测系统。该系统采用光学方法,通过面阵CCD获取工业零部件横截面数字图像,使用图像预处理软件对所获取的图像进行预处理,消除图像噪声。采用边缘检测方法得到工业零部件精确的边缘图像。使用自行编制的尺寸检测软件检测了工业零部件典型尺寸——直径、不规则度和圆度误差。
本文主要从数字图像检测关键技术、检测系统的组成、边缘检测定位方法和检测系统的标定等方面进行了研究。通过对图像预处理以及边缘提取算法的分析和研究,编写了相应程序,提取了清晰的工业零部件边缘图像。针对典型工业零部件横截面边缘的形态特点,设计了直径、不规则度和圆度误差检测软件,为工业零部件的尺寸检测打下了基础。为了提高测量精度,本文还使用了亚像素定位算法对图像进行亚像素定位,克服了CCD的测量精度的不足。
本文将研究结果应用于两种典型的工业零部件——固定夹螺孔和金属垫圈的典型尺寸检测。构建了数字图像检测系统的硬件结构,使用自行设计的软件对固定夹螺孔和金属垫圈的孔径、不规则度和圆度误差进行了测量。最后对测量结果进行了精度分析和误差讨论。通过测量实验结果可以看出本系统的检测效果是令人满意的。
With the rapid development of computer technology and photoelectricity technology, the digital image detecting technology has been used more and more widely. As a non-touched detecting method, the digital image detecting technology is getting increasing regard. Using this automatic detecting system can overcome the disadvantages of manual detecting, and can not only improve the detecting precision and efficiency but also reduce the production cost.
In this thesis we mainly research on the industry parts typical sizes detecting system based on surface array CCD. This system use optical means to get the digital image of industry parts’cross section through surface array CCD. Then use image pretreatting software to treat the digital image in order to eliminate the disturbances. Use the edge detecting means to get the precise edge image of industry parts’cross section. Finally, use size detecting software to get the typical geometrical sizes such as diameter, abnormity and roundness error.
This thesis deeply research on the key technology of digital image detecting, constitution of the detecting system, edge detecting methods and demarcation of the detecting system, etc. Through the research on image pretreatment and edge detecting arithmetic, we design corresponding software, and distill the clear edge image. In this thesis we design the measure and display software of diameter, abnormity and roundness error according to the character of round cross section industry parts. This work can be the basis of size detection of industry parts. To conquer the precision shortage of CCD, we also use sub-pixel arithmetic in this detecting system.
In the end of this thesis we apply the system on two typical industry parts: screw of fixed nip and metal gasket. We build the hardware structure of digital image detecting system, measure the diameter、abnormity and roundness error of screw of fixed nip and metal gasket using self-made software. Then we analyze the precision of the result and discuss the source of error. Through our experiment we can see that the detecting result of our system can be satisfied.
引文
[1]马国欣,范多旺,用于直径测量的激光差动扫描方法,中国测试技术,2005,32(4): 17～19
[2]蒋定定,李开端,赵育良,用线阵CCD实现航空相机镜头直径的精确测量,光电子技术与信息,2003,16(6):31～33
[3]张强,黄道君,CCD光电测径仪的在线应用,仪器仪表与分析监测,2003,3:8～9
[4]E.M. Risemem M. A. Arbib,Computational techniques in the visual segmentation of static scenes,Computer graphics and image processing,1997,1(6):221～276
[5]U. Roster,Defect Detection of Fabrics by Image Process [J],Melliand Textile,1992,1(73):635～636
[6]孙宁,乔彦峰,林为才,一种使用面阵CCD的非接触位置测量系统,长春理工大学学报,2002,25(4):26～28
[7]黄文恺,基于线阵CCD的二维轮廓多尺寸图像检测技术的研究,[硕士学位论文],广东,广东工业大学,2007
[8]Bernd Jahne,Digital Image Processing,Springer Vizualizace,2001,1～608
[9]章霄,董艳雪,赵文娟,等,数字图像处理技术,北京,冶金工业出版社,2005
[10]李红俊,韩冀皖,数字图像处理技术及其应用,计算机测量与控制,2002,10(9):41～43
[11]刘中合,王瑞雪,王锋德,等,数字图像处理技术现状与展望,计算机时代,2005,1(9):6～8
[12]谢惠民,毕博,先进云纹测量技术及应用,强度与环境,2006,33(1):45～51
[13]李新忠,宋文武,王希军,激光散斑计量技术及其应用,研究生论坛,2005,3:16～20
[14]AM. HEART J.,光学相干层析成像检测斑块形态的误差来源及解释,美国心脏杂质,2006,152(2):8～9
[15]吴晓波,钟先信,等,高精度图像测量系统,光学精密工程,1995,3(1):28～43
[16]李江昊,李炳新,于荣金,塑料光纤直径测量系统,光学技术,2003,29(5):568～574
[17] J.S. Park.,J.T. Tou.,A solder joint inspection system for automated printed circuit board manufacturing,In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,1990,1290～1295
[18]陈向伟,机械零件计算机视觉检测关键技术的研究,[博士学位论文],吉林,吉林大学,2005
[19]Perkins,W.A.,Model-based inspection system for component boards,Pattern Recognition,1984,17:135～140
[20]Nello Zuech,Richard K.Miller,Machine Vision,Fairmont Press,1987,47～89
[21]刘文耀,王兵振,玻璃小球直径的图像测量方法,光电工程,2005,32(10):73～78
[22]张建荣,姜昱明,CCD成像在线测量玻璃棒直径的方法研究,应用光学,2004,25(3):53～56
[23]崔占涛,王卫华,樊建春,等,面阵CCD在钻杆直径测量中的应用研究,石油机械,11(33):60～63
[24]孙长库,叶升华,集成电路配件的光电自学机检测系统,光电工程,1996,23(3):44～49
[25]罗志勇,刘栋玉,江涛,等,新型冷轧带钢表面缺陷在线检测系统,华中理工大学学报,1996,24(1):75～78
[26]K. Nakano,Application of Neural Networks to the Color Grading of Apples,Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1997,18:105～116
[27]赵学增,杨延竹,王伟杰,等,计算机技术在苗木自动分级中的应用发展概况,林业科学,2004,40(3):162～166
[28]J.Lassoe,et al,Future vision system for glass works,Glass Technology,1997,38(2):43～45
[29]姜洪,李恩普,赵建林,等,激光三角测距法在测量路面时的计算和分析,西安公路交通大学学,2000,20(2):62～65
[30]Dimitrios Kosmopoulos,et al,Automated inspection of gaps on the automobile production line through stereo vision and specular reflection,Computer in Industry,2001,46:49～63
[31]Dae-ki kang,etal,Apply object modeling technique to automated visual inspection of automotive compressor parts omission , International Journal of Machine tools & manufacture,1999,39:1779～1792
[32]杨丽君,锥螺纹在线检测系统中的图像处理方法研究,[硕士学位论文],西安,西安电子科技大学,2006
[33]于起峰,陆宏伟,刘肖琳,基于图像的精密测量与运动测量[M],北京,科学出版社,2002
[34]Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.woods,Digital Image Processing Second Edition,Prentice Hall,2002,631
[35]王庆有,CCD应用技术,天津,天津大学出版社,2000,30～99
[36]Jiaming Lin,Mailing Xing,Dingguo Sha,etal,Distortion measurement of CCD imaging system with short focal length and large-field objective,Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2005, 43:1137～1144
[37]刘华元,基于亚像素技术的锥螺纹在线检测系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],西安,西安电子科技大学,2006
[38] J L. Posdamer,M D. Altschuler,Surface measurement by space-encoded projected beam systems,Computer Graphics and Image Processing,1982,18(1):1～17
[39]陈兵旗,孙明,Visual C++实用图像处理专业教程,北京,清华大学出版社,2004
[40]杨淑莹,VC++图像处理程序设计,北京,清华大学出版社,2005,1
[41]林伟雄,数字图像测量技术在尺寸和轮廓测量中的应用,[硕士学位论文],吉林,吉林大学,2004
[42]王兵振,刘文耀,一种显微图像测量系统标定方法,光电工程,2006,33(2):25～28
[43]何斌,马天予,王运坚,VC++数字图像处理,北京,人民邮电出版社,2001
[44]李红梅,二值图像的阈值分割方法探讨,工程技术,2007,15～16
[45] E R. DAVIES,The effect of noise on edge orientation computation,Pattern Recognition Letters,1998,7:31～52
[46]Jean-Charles,A general comparative study of the multiplicative homomorphic log-ratio and logarithmic image processing approaches,Signal Processing,1997,58(1):11～45
[47]吴晓波,异形三维回转体亚像元轮廓图像测量技术的研究,[博士学位论文].重庆大学光电精密仪器系,1995
[48] K. Jensen,D. Anastassiou,Subpixel edge localization and the interpolation of still images,Image Processing,IEEE Transactions on,2002,3(4):285～296
[49] E P Lyvers,O R Mitchell,Subpixel measurements using a moment-based edge operator,IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989,11(12):1293～1309
[50]黄文恺,基于线阵CCD的二维轮廓多尺寸图像检测技术的研究,[硕士学位论文],广东,广东工业大学,2007
[51]Y.Shan,G.W.Boon,Sub-pixel location of edges with non-uniform blurring a finite closed-form approach.,Image and Vision Computing,2000,18(1):1015~1023
[52]Ming-June Tsai,Chuan-Cheng Hung,Development of a high-precision surface metrology system using structured light projection,Measurement,2005,38(1):236～247
[53]范彦斌,李西兵,沈自林,基于亚像素的边界检测与提取算法及误差分析,机器科学与技术,2005,24(2):189~192
[54]Ghosal S Mehrotra,R.Orthogonal.Moment,Operators for Subpixel Edge Detection.Pattern Recognition,1993,26(3):295～306
[55]兰爽,基于线阵CCD的油管螺纹非接触测量技术研究,[硕士学位论文],大庆,大庆石油学院,2004
[56]李明伟,张倩,王用涛,线阵CCD参量测试系统,电子器件,2007,4(3):25～28
[2]蒋定定,李开端,赵育良,用线阵CCD实现航空相机镜头直径的精确测量,光电子技术与信息,2003,16(6):31～33
[3]张强,黄道君,CCD光电测径仪的在线应用,仪器仪表与分析监测,2003,3:8～9
[4]E.M. Risemem M. A. Arbib,Computational techniques in the visual segmentation of static scenes,Computer graphics and image processing,1997,1(6):221～276
[5]U. Roster,Defect Detection of Fabrics by Image Process [J],Melliand Textile,1992,1(73):635～636
[6]孙宁,乔彦峰,林为才,一种使用面阵CCD的非接触位置测量系统,长春理工大学学报,2002,25(4):26～28
[7]黄文恺,基于线阵CCD的二维轮廓多尺寸图像检测技术的研究,[硕士学位论文],广东,广东工业大学,2007
[8]Bernd Jahne,Digital Image Processing,Springer Vizualizace,2001,1～608
[9]章霄,董艳雪,赵文娟,等,数字图像处理技术,北京,冶金工业出版社,2005
[10]李红俊,韩冀皖,数字图像处理技术及其应用,计算机测量与控制,2002,10(9):41～43
[11]刘中合,王瑞雪,王锋德,等,数字图像处理技术现状与展望,计算机时代,2005,1(9):6～8
[12]谢惠民,毕博,先进云纹测量技术及应用,强度与环境,2006,33(1):45～51
[13]李新忠,宋文武,王希军,激光散斑计量技术及其应用,研究生论坛,2005,3:16～20
[14]AM. HEART J.,光学相干层析成像检测斑块形态的误差来源及解释,美国心脏杂质,2006,152(2):8～9
[15]吴晓波,钟先信,等,高精度图像测量系统,光学精密工程,1995,3(1):28～43
[16]李江昊,李炳新,于荣金,塑料光纤直径测量系统,光学技术,2003,29(5):568～574
[17] J.S. Park.,J.T. Tou.,A solder joint inspection system for automated printed circuit board manufacturing,In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,1990,1290～1295
[18]陈向伟,机械零件计算机视觉检测关键技术的研究,[博士学位论文],吉林,吉林大学,2005
[19]Perkins,W.A.,Model-based inspection system for component boards,Pattern Recognition,1984,17:135～140
[20]Nello Zuech,Richard K.Miller,Machine Vision,Fairmont Press,1987,47～89
[21]刘文耀,王兵振,玻璃小球直径的图像测量方法,光电工程,2005,32(10):73～78
[22]张建荣,姜昱明,CCD成像在线测量玻璃棒直径的方法研究,应用光学,2004,25(3):53～56
[23]崔占涛,王卫华,樊建春,等,面阵CCD在钻杆直径测量中的应用研究,石油机械,11(33):60～63
[24]孙长库,叶升华,集成电路配件的光电自学机检测系统,光电工程,1996,23(3):44～49
[25]罗志勇,刘栋玉,江涛,等,新型冷轧带钢表面缺陷在线检测系统,华中理工大学学报,1996,24(1):75～78
[26]K. Nakano,Application of Neural Networks to the Color Grading of Apples,Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1997,18:105～116
[27]赵学增,杨延竹,王伟杰,等,计算机技术在苗木自动分级中的应用发展概况,林业科学,2004,40(3):162～166
[28]J.Lassoe,et al,Future vision system for glass works,Glass Technology,1997,38(2):43～45
[29]姜洪,李恩普,赵建林,等,激光三角测距法在测量路面时的计算和分析,西安公路交通大学学,2000,20(2):62～65
[30]Dimitrios Kosmopoulos,et al,Automated inspection of gaps on the automobile production line through stereo vision and specular reflection,Computer in Industry,2001,46:49～63
[31]Dae-ki kang,etal,Apply object modeling technique to automated visual inspection of automotive compressor parts omission , International Journal of Machine tools & manufacture,1999,39:1779～1792
[32]杨丽君,锥螺纹在线检测系统中的图像处理方法研究,[硕士学位论文],西安,西安电子科技大学,2006
[33]于起峰,陆宏伟,刘肖琳,基于图像的精密测量与运动测量[M],北京,科学出版社,2002
[34]Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.woods,Digital Image Processing Second Edition,Prentice Hall,2002,631
[35]王庆有,CCD应用技术,天津,天津大学出版社,2000,30～99
[36]Jiaming Lin,Mailing Xing,Dingguo Sha,etal,Distortion measurement of CCD imaging system with short focal length and large-field objective,Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2005, 43:1137～1144
[37]刘华元,基于亚像素技术的锥螺纹在线检测系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],西安,西安电子科技大学,2006
[38] J L. Posdamer,M D. Altschuler,Surface measurement by space-encoded projected beam systems,Computer Graphics and Image Processing,1982,18(1):1～17
[39]陈兵旗,孙明,Visual C++实用图像处理专业教程,北京,清华大学出版社,2004
[40]杨淑莹,VC++图像处理程序设计,北京,清华大学出版社,2005,1
[41]林伟雄,数字图像测量技术在尺寸和轮廓测量中的应用,[硕士学位论文],吉林,吉林大学,2004
[42]王兵振,刘文耀,一种显微图像测量系统标定方法,光电工程,2006,33(2):25～28
[43]何斌,马天予,王运坚,VC++数字图像处理,北京,人民邮电出版社,2001
[44]李红梅,二值图像的阈值分割方法探讨,工程技术,2007,15～16
[45] E R. DAVIES,The effect of noise on edge orientation computation,Pattern Recognition Letters,1998,7:31～52
[46]Jean-Charles,A general comparative study of the multiplicative homomorphic log-ratio and logarithmic image processing approaches,Signal Processing,1997,58(1):11～45
[47]吴晓波,异形三维回转体亚像元轮廓图像测量技术的研究,[博士学位论文].重庆大学光电精密仪器系,1995
[48] K. Jensen,D. Anastassiou,Subpixel edge localization and the interpolation of still images,Image Processing,IEEE Transactions on,2002,3(4):285～296
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