考虑湿陷的大厚度黄土地区桩基负摩阻力特性研究
|
摘要
桩基础作为一种重要的深基础形式,具有沉降量小和承载力高的优点,目前在大厚度黄土地区得到非常广泛的应用。工程实践证明桩的侧摩阻力在不同工况下取值会有很大的差异,为能深入研究桩与土体之间的相互作用,把握侧摩阻力取值的规律,本文通过现场试验、缩尺模型试验和数值模拟分析相结合的方法进行研究,对考虑湿陷的大厚度黄土地区桩基负摩阻力特性有了更全面和深入的认识,主要完成的工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)借助实际工程,通过现场大型试验研究桩基在天然状态下及浸水条件下桩顶荷载与桩体沉降的关系；通过对黄土地区土体湿陷、沉降特点及不同深度土层的沉降变化特征的研究,分析了桩周土体沉降与桩身荷载传递规律之间的关系；分析了试桩在预浸水条件下桩身承载力和正负摩阻力的变化规律,并与未进行预浸水的试桩进行了对比分析,研究了桩身轴力分布和中性点位置变化以及桩身摩阻力的分布规律。
(2)以相似理论为基础,通过对国内外桩基负摩阻力的试验方案分析与研究,将原型桩和缩尺模型桩进行相似关系转化,自主设计了一套考虑湿陷的桩基负摩阻力的缩尺模型试验方案及方法,对大直径沉管灌注单桩承载力进行缩尺模型试验研究,并进行了负摩阻力试验,得到了桩的中性点位置以及负摩阻力产生和发展的规律。
(3)基于ADINA大型有限元分析软件对黄土地区单桩和群桩的负摩阻力进行了分析。主要研究内容包括：有限元模型的建立、浸水计算模型的设置、桩基P-S关系分析、桩顶加载工况下桩身轴力分析、浸水工况下桩周土体沉降分析、浸水工况下桩身轴力分析和浸水工况下桩侧负摩阻力分析。
(4)以西北黄土地区实际工程为背景,借助数值分析软件ADINA,建立了有限元分析模型,计算了桩顶加载及浸水工况下,桩身轴力及负摩阻力,并对影响桩身轴力及负摩阻力特性的参数进行了分析。主要研究了黄土弹性模量、黄土粘聚力、桩顶荷载、桩体刚度和浸水压力等对桩身轴力及负摩阻力的影响。
As an important form of deep foundation, pile foundation has the advantages of small subsidence and high bearing capacity. It gets very extensive application in large thickness loess area at present. Pile can be considered as cylindrical component buried in the soil. The interaction between soil and pile was produced under the external force. And the interaction was very complex because of the layered characteristics of soil and the geological features of the differente soil. Engineering practice shows that the side friction value of the pile was great differente under different conditions.In order to study the interaction between pile and soil, and master the law of side friction values of the pile, this paper would study the characteristies of pile negative friction in the large thickness loess area considering the collapsibility through the combining method of field test, scale model test and numerical simulation analysis. The main work and achievements are as follows:
(1) With the aid of actual engineering, the relationship between the pile settlement and the pile top load was studied through the field test study on large pile foundation under water immersion and natural conditions. The relationship between the soil settlement and the pile load transfer law was studied by the analysis of soil collapsibility, settlement characteristics, and settlement change features of different soil layer depth in loess area. The pile bearing capacity and the positive and negative friction changing rule was analyzed under pre-water immersion, and the testing pile was compared analysis was carried out between prewatering and non-pre-water immersion. The pile axial force distribution, the change of neutral position, and the friction distribution on the pile was studied.
(2) According to the similarity theory, through the analysis and research of the domestic and overseas pile foundation testing scheme of negative friction, the prototype is turned into scale model by similarity relation, and then the testing scheme and method of the pile negative friction laboratory scale model considering the collapsibility was designed. The bearing capacity of large diameter sinking pipe was researched by scale model test, and the negative friction test was also carried out. Then, the neutral point position and the produce and development rule of negative friction were get.
(3) The negative friction of single pile and pile group in loess area was analyzed by Nonlinear (ADINA). Main research contents include:the FEM model establishment, the water immersion calculation model set, the P-S relationship analysis of the pile foundation, the axial force analysis of pile top loading condition, the soil sedimentation analysis under water immersion condition, and the axial force and negative friction analysis under water immersion condition.
(4) Based on the practical engineering in the northwest loess area, nonlinear FEM (ADINA) is used to established the finite element analysis model. The pile axial force and negative friction was calculated under pile top loading and water immersion conditions. And then parameters which influence the axial force and negative friction were analysed. The influences of loess elastic modulus and cohesive force, pile top loading, pile stiffness and water immersion pressure on the pile axial force and negative friction were mainly studied.
(1)借助实际工程,通过现场大型试验研究桩基在天然状态下及浸水条件下桩顶荷载与桩体沉降的关系；通过对黄土地区土体湿陷、沉降特点及不同深度土层的沉降变化特征的研究,分析了桩周土体沉降与桩身荷载传递规律之间的关系；分析了试桩在预浸水条件下桩身承载力和正负摩阻力的变化规律,并与未进行预浸水的试桩进行了对比分析,研究了桩身轴力分布和中性点位置变化以及桩身摩阻力的分布规律。
(2)以相似理论为基础,通过对国内外桩基负摩阻力的试验方案分析与研究,将原型桩和缩尺模型桩进行相似关系转化,自主设计了一套考虑湿陷的桩基负摩阻力的缩尺模型试验方案及方法,对大直径沉管灌注单桩承载力进行缩尺模型试验研究,并进行了负摩阻力试验,得到了桩的中性点位置以及负摩阻力产生和发展的规律。
(3)基于ADINA大型有限元分析软件对黄土地区单桩和群桩的负摩阻力进行了分析。主要研究内容包括：有限元模型的建立、浸水计算模型的设置、桩基P-S关系分析、桩顶加载工况下桩身轴力分析、浸水工况下桩周土体沉降分析、浸水工况下桩身轴力分析和浸水工况下桩侧负摩阻力分析。
(4)以西北黄土地区实际工程为背景,借助数值分析软件ADINA,建立了有限元分析模型,计算了桩顶加载及浸水工况下,桩身轴力及负摩阻力,并对影响桩身轴力及负摩阻力特性的参数进行了分析。主要研究了黄土弹性模量、黄土粘聚力、桩顶荷载、桩体刚度和浸水压力等对桩身轴力及负摩阻力的影响。
As an important form of deep foundation, pile foundation has the advantages of small subsidence and high bearing capacity. It gets very extensive application in large thickness loess area at present. Pile can be considered as cylindrical component buried in the soil. The interaction between soil and pile was produced under the external force. And the interaction was very complex because of the layered characteristics of soil and the geological features of the differente soil. Engineering practice shows that the side friction value of the pile was great differente under different conditions.In order to study the interaction between pile and soil, and master the law of side friction values of the pile, this paper would study the characteristies of pile negative friction in the large thickness loess area considering the collapsibility through the combining method of field test, scale model test and numerical simulation analysis. The main work and achievements are as follows:
(1) With the aid of actual engineering, the relationship between the pile settlement and the pile top load was studied through the field test study on large pile foundation under water immersion and natural conditions. The relationship between the soil settlement and the pile load transfer law was studied by the analysis of soil collapsibility, settlement characteristics, and settlement change features of different soil layer depth in loess area. The pile bearing capacity and the positive and negative friction changing rule was analyzed under pre-water immersion, and the testing pile was compared analysis was carried out between prewatering and non-pre-water immersion. The pile axial force distribution, the change of neutral position, and the friction distribution on the pile was studied.
(2) According to the similarity theory, through the analysis and research of the domestic and overseas pile foundation testing scheme of negative friction, the prototype is turned into scale model by similarity relation, and then the testing scheme and method of the pile negative friction laboratory scale model considering the collapsibility was designed. The bearing capacity of large diameter sinking pipe was researched by scale model test, and the negative friction test was also carried out. Then, the neutral point position and the produce and development rule of negative friction were get.
(3) The negative friction of single pile and pile group in loess area was analyzed by Nonlinear (ADINA). Main research contents include:the FEM model establishment, the water immersion calculation model set, the P-S relationship analysis of the pile foundation, the axial force analysis of pile top loading condition, the soil sedimentation analysis under water immersion condition, and the axial force and negative friction analysis under water immersion condition.
(4) Based on the practical engineering in the northwest loess area, nonlinear FEM (ADINA) is used to established the finite element analysis model. The pile axial force and negative friction was calculated under pile top loading and water immersion conditions. And then parameters which influence the axial force and negative friction were analysed. The influences of loess elastic modulus and cohesive force, pile top loading, pile stiffness and water immersion pressure on the pile axial force and negative friction were mainly studied.
引文
[1]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京：地震出版社,2003.
[2]钱鸿缙等.湿陷性黄土地基[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1985.
[3]《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GBJ7-89)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[4]《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[5]《建筑桩基础技术规范》(JGJ94-2008)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[6]《建筑桩基础技术规范》(JGJ94-94)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1 995.
[7]《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》(GB50025-2004)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[8]《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》(GBJ25-90)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[9]《港口工程桩基规范》(JTJ254-98)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[10]史佩东主编.桩基工程手册[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2008.
[11]Johannessen I J,Bjerrum L. Measurement of the compression of a steel pile to rock due to settlement of the surrounding clay[C].Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Montreal,1965,2:261-264.
[12]Bjerrum L,Johannessen I J, Eide O. Reduction of negative skin friction on steel piles to rock[C].Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico City,1969,2:27-33.
[13]Fellenius B H, Broms B B. Negative skin friction for long piles driven in clay[C]. Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico City,1969,2:93-98.
[14]Bozozuk M, Labrecque A. Downdrag measurements on 270 Ft. Composite piles[C]. Performance of Deep Foundations, A-STM Special Technical Publication 444. Philadelphia, Penn-sylvania,1969:15-40.
[15]Bozozuk M. Downdrag measurements on a 160-ft floating pipe test pile in marine clay[J]. CanADINA Geotechnical Journal,1972,2: 127-136.
[16]Bozozuk M. Bearing capacity of pile Preloaded by downdrag[C]. Proceedings of Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm,1981,2:631-636.
[17]Keenan G H, Bozozuk M. Downdrag on a three-pile group pile[C]. Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Sanfrancisco/12-16,August 19851407-1412.
[18]Horvat E, C Van der veen. Negative skin friction and safety analysis of piles[C]. Proc.IX Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. Tokyo: Japanese Society of soil Mechanics Foundation Engineering,1997, 551-554.
[19]Endo M, Minou A, Kawasaki T et al. Negative skin friction acting on steel pipe pile in clay[C]. Proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City,1969,2:85-92.
[20]Okabe T. Large negative friction and friction-free pile methods[C]. Proceedings of Ninth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Okyo,1997,1:679-682.
[21]Fukuya T, Todoroki T, Kasuga M. Reduction of negative skin friction with steel tube NF Pile[C]. Proceedings of Seven Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference/22-26 November 1982/Hong Kong.333-346.
[22]Takahashi K, Behavior of Single piles in Subsiding Ground[R]. Technical Note of PHRI,1985,533.
[23]Takahashi K, Katayama T, Sound S. Positive and Negative skin friction on a pile in soft clayed ground at haneda[C]. GEO-COAST'91.3-6, Sept.,1991, Yokohama.6-13.
[24]Inoue Y, Tamaoki K, Ogai T. Settlement of building due to pile Downdrag[C]. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Okyo,1977,1:561-564.
[25]Auvinet G, Chanel J J. Negative skin friction on piles Mexico clay[C]. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm,1981,2:599-604.
[26]Clemente F M. Downdrag on bitumen coated piles in a warm climate[C].Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm,1981,2:673-676.
[27]Phamvan P, Buensuceso B R, Indraratna B et al. Negative skin friction on driven piles[C]. Proceedings of the 10th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference. Taipei,1990,1:367-372.
[28]Indrarana B, Balasubramaniam A S, Phamvan P et al. Development of negative skin friction on driven piles in soft Bangkok clay[J]. CanADINA Geotechnical Journal,1992,29:3-93-404.
[29]Chun F Leung, Radhakrishnan R, Siew-Ann Tan. Performance of driven piles in marine clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1991,117(4):637-657.
[30]Little J A, Price G,Ibrahim K. Geotechnical instrumentation for a full-scale study of negative skin friction in clay[C].4th International DFI Conference. Stresa,1991,1:491-496.
[31]Little J A, Ibrahim K. Predictions associated with the pile downdrag study at the SERC soft clay site at Bothkennar, Scotland[C]. Proc. Wroth Mem. Sym.. Oxford,1993:796-8-18.
[32]Little J A. Downdrag on pile:review and recent experimentation[C]. Proceeding of the Conference on Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments. Part 2(of 2), Jun 16-18,1994, college station TX, USA. Geotechnical Publication 2(4):1805-1825.
[33]Toru Shibata, Hideo Sekiguchi, Hiroshi Yukitomo. Model test and analysis of negative friction acting on piles[J]. Soils and foundations, June 1982,1(21):29-39.
[34]Little J A, Toma T M. The development of shaft adhesion with onset of negative skin friction for a fixed base model pile[J]. Proceeding Second International Conference on Foundations and Tunnels. Engineering Technics Press,1989,111-117.
[35]Ergun M U. Negative skin friction from surface settlement measurements in model group tests[J]. CanADINA Geotechnical Journal,1995,32:1075-1079.
[36]Kyu Hwan Lee, Min Bo Shim, Song Lee et al. A study on characteristic of negative skin friction on model pile[C]. Proceeding of the Ninth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Brest France, May 30-June,1999:718-723.
[37]Leung C F, Liao B K, Chow Y K et al. Behavior of pile subject to negative skin friction and axial load[J]. Soils and Foundations, 2004,44,6:17-26.
[38]Terzaghi K, Peck R B工程实用土力学[M].蒋彭年译.北京：水利水电出版,1960.
[39]Zeevaert L. Reduction of point Bearing Capacity of Piles Because of the Negative Friction[M]. First pan-American conference on soil machanics and foundation engineering. Mexico,1959,3:1145-1152.
[40]Zeevaert L难处理地基的基础工程[M].陆焕生等译.北京：水利出版社,1982.
[41]杨克已等.实用桩基工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[42]王钟琦,俞调梅等.地基与基础译文集5(桩基础)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982：1-22.
[43]Fellenius B H. Unified design of piled foundation with emphasis on settlement analysis[C]. Honoring George G. Goble-- "Current Practice and Future Trends in Deep Foundations" Geo-TRANS Conference, Los Angeles, July 27-30,2004, Edited by J. A. DiMaggio and M. H. Hussein. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, GSP 125:253-225.
[44]Poulos H G, Mattes N S. The Analysis of Downdrag in end-bearing Piles[C]. Proc 7th ICOSMFE.1969,2:203-209.
[45]Poulos H G, Davis E H. Prediction of negative friction with time in end-bearing piles[J]. Aust Geotechs.1972,62(1):11-22.
[46]Walker L K, Darvall P, Le P. Dragdown on coated and uncoated piles[C]. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Moscow, Union of the Soviet Socialists Republic,1973,2(I):257-262.
[47]Poulos H G, Davis E H. Prediction of downdrag force in end-bearing piles[J]. ASCE,1975,101 (GT2):189-204.
[48]Poulos H G, Davis E H. Pile Foundation Analysis and Design[M]. John Wiely,1980:265-294.
[49]Alonso E E, Josa A, Ledesma A. Negative skin friction on pile:a simplified analysis and prediction procedure[J]. Geotechnique, 1984,34(3):341-357.
[50]Chow Y K, Chin J T, Lee S L. Negative skin friction on pile groups[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14:75-91.
[51]Lee C J. Pile Groups under negative skin friction[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, October,1993,119(10):1587-1600.
[52]Maugeri M et al. Discussion:Pile groups under negative skin friction[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. July,1995,576.
[53]Lim C H, Chow Y K, Karunaratne G P. Negative skin friction on single piles in a layered half-space[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1993,17:625-645.
[54]Teh C I, Wong K S, Analysis of downdrag on pile group [J].Geotechnical Engineering, June 1995,457-465.
[55]Wong K S, Teh C I. Negative skin friction on piles in layered soil deposits[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, June 1995,457-465.
[56]Poorooshasb H B, Alamgir M, Miura N. Negative skin friction on rigid and deformable piles [J]. Computer and Geotechnics,1996,16(2) 109-126.
[57]Chow Y K, Lim C H, Karunaratne G P. Numerical modeling of negative friction on pile group[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 1969,18(3):201-224.
[58]Chan K S, Karasudhi P, Lee S L. Force at a point in the interior of a layered elastic half-space[J]. Int. J. Solids Struct.,1974,10:1179 1199.
[59]Emilios M Comodromos and Spyridoula V Bareka. Evaluatiio of negative skin friction effects in pile foundation using 3D nonlinear analysis[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32:210-221.
[60]Adel M. Hanna. Drag force on single piles in clay subjected to surcharge loading. International Journal of Geomechanics ASCE/ March/April 2006/89-96.
[61]Lee C J, Bolton M D, Al-Tabbaa A. Numerical modeling of group effects on the distribution of dragloads in pile foundations[J]. Geotechnique,2002,52(5):325-335.
[62]Jeong S Loe J H, Lee C J. Slip effect at the pile-soil Interface on dragload[J]. Computer and Geotechnics,2004,31:115-126.
[63]Lee C J, Lee J H, Jeong S. The influence of soil slip on negative skin friction in pile groups connected to a cap[J]. Geotechnique,2006, 56(1)：53-56.
[64]李光煜,汪彬.钢管桩负摩阻力及水平位移的测定[J].岩土力学,1988,9(2)：89-97.
[65]李光煜,汪彬.静力试桩及负摩阻力研究的新进展[J].土工基础,1990,4(2)：1-8.
[66]Lee P K K, Lumb P. Field measurements of negative skin friction on steel tube piles in Hong Kong[A]. A Memorial Collection of Selected Papers and Memoir of Professor Peter Lumb,2002,799-809.
[67]吴文,徐松林,吕富庆等.大型堆载条件下桩土性状的试验研究[J].岩土力学,1998,19(3)：65-71.
[68]律文田,冷伍明,王永和.软土地区桥台桩基负摩阻力试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(6)：642-645.
[69]聂如松,冷伍明.软土地基桥台桩基负摩擦力的试验研究[J].铁道建筑,2005,1-4.
[70]上海第三航务局工程科学研究所.洋山深水港区二期工程接案结构原型观测试验阶段性报告[R].2005年8月.
[71]王大刚.桩基工程负摩擦研究及应用[工程硕士专业学位论文][D].南京：河海大学,2005.
[72]吴一伟,费涵昌,林侨兴等.砂土液化对桩基影响[J].同济大学学报,1995.23(3)：360-364.
[73]陆明生.桩基表面负摩擦力的试验研究及试验公式[J].水运工程,1997,(5)：54-58.
[74]谢耀峰.港口工程桩基水平承载力和负摩擦力的研究[博士学位论文][D].南京：河海大学,2002.
[75]童建国,朱瑞燕.固结软土中单桩负摩擦离心机模型试验研究[J].电力勘测设计,2006,(1)：12-15,23.
[76]同济大学地基研究所(赵锡宏).桩基负摩擦力计算[J].同济大学科技情报,F75002,1975.
[77]Zhao X H. Negative friction of a pile in soft soils. GEO COAST'91. 3-6, Sept.1991,Yokohama, Japan.
[78]赵锡宏,张启辉,张保良.承受负摩擦力的桩基沉降计算的迭代法[J].岩土力学,1999,20(2)：17-21.
[79]北京理正软件设计研究所,赵锡宏,张启辉,张保良.同济-理正桩基方案优化设计软件,2000.
[80]《港口桩基工程沉降、负摩擦及软基加固技术经验交流会》论文集 [C].交通部水运工程情报网地基基础分网,1986.
[81]李作勤.摩擦桩的荷载传递及承载力的一些问题[J].岩土力学1990,11(4)：1-12.
[82]殷宗泽,朱泓等.土与结构材料接触面的变形及其数学模型[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)：14-21.
[83]王建华,陆建飞,沈为平.Biot固结理论在单桩负摩擦研究中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(5)：590-593.
[84]陆建飞,王建华,沈为平.考虑固结和流变的群桩的积分方程解法[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6)：650-653.
[85]崔江余.桩基负摩阻力在纠倾工程中的应用[J].探矿工程,2000,(3)：15-17.
[86]夏力农,王星华.带负摩阻力桩基的设计与检测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊)：491-494.
[87]赵明华,贺伟,曹文贵.桩基负摩阻力计算方法初探[J].岩土力学2004,25(9)：1442-1446.
[88]高灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧表面负摩擦力解析模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5)：731-741.
[89]陈斗生,杨恒伟.桩基负摩擦力之分析与评估[C].2007海峡两岸岩土工程地工技术交流研讨会(岩土工程的安全与品质),111-118.
[90]陈斗生.陈斗生博士纪念论文集[C].富国技术工程股份有限公司2008：121-164.
[91]陈福全,龚晓南,马时冬.桩的负摩阻力现场试验及三维有限元分析[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(3)：77-80.
[92]汪鹏程,赵俊杰,朱向荣.有限元法探讨冻结井井壁上融沉负摩擦力性状[J].矿冶工程,2003,23(5)：1-4.
[93]袁灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧负摩擦阻力三维非线性数值分析[J].地下空间,2004,24(4)：456-460.
[94]马远刚,童梅.桩侧负摩阻力有限元模拟[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(24)：20-22.
[95]夏力农,王星华,蒋春平.桩顶荷载对桩基负摩阻力特性的影响[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(4)：369-362.
[96]赵明华,刘思思.多层地基单桩负摩擦力的数值模拟计算[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3)：336-340.
[97]张广林.国营524厂金工车间单桩负摩擦力试验[J].岩土工程技术,1998,(1).
[98]何颐华,闵连太.湿陷性黄土地基桩的负摩擦力问题[J].建筑结构学报,1982,3(6)：69-77.
[99]李大展,滕延京,何颐华等.湿陷性黄土中大直径扩底桩垂直承载性状的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2)：11-21.
[100]李大展等.Q2黄土的大面积浸水试验与研究[J].岩土工程学报1993,15(2)：1-11.
[101]刘明振.含有自重湿陷性黄土夹层的场地上群桩负摩擦力的计算[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6)：749-752.
[102]胡启胜,陈文艳.湿陷性黄土地基桩负摩擦阻力探讨[A].刘金砺主编.桩基工程技术进展[M].北京：知识产权出版社,2005,143-147.
[103]黄雪峰,陈正汉,哈双等.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土中灌注桩承载性状与负摩阻力的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3)：338-346.
[104]夏力农,王星华.带负摩阻力桩基的设计与检测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S2)：491-494.
[105]《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2011)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[106]费康,刘汉龙,高玉峰,丰土根.现浇混凝土薄壁的荷载传递机理[J].岩土力学,2005,25(5)：764-768.
[107]费康,刘汉龙,高玉峰.路堤下现浇薄壁管桩复合地基工作特性分析[J],岩土力学,2004,25(9)：1390-1396.
[108]左东启,等.模型试验的理论和方法[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1984.
[109]袁文忠.结构静力学模型实验[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社1998.
[11 0]杨俊杰.相似理论与结构模型试验[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2005.
[111]於法明,宋兵,郑美田.大直径钻孔灌注桩荷载与沉降规律的试验研究[J].岩土工程界,2006,7：33-36.
[112]O'Neill M.W., Raines R.D. Load transfer for pipe piles in highly pressured dense sand[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Division,1974, 100(7):749-761.
[113](美)彼莱奇科,(美)廖荣锦,(美)默然著.庄茁等译,连续体和结构的非线性有限元[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[114]左名棋,胡人礼,毛洪渊.桩基础工程设计／施工／检测[M].北京中国铁道出版社,1996.
[115]林天健,熊厚金,王利群.桩基设计指南[M].北京：中国建筑工业,1999.
[116]Clough, GH, J. M Duncan(1971), Finite ElementAnalysis ofRetaining Wall Behavior,Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, vol 97, No. SM12, p1657-1674.
[117]Cheung, K, Tham, L. G, Coo, D, J, (1989)Analysis of Pile Group by Infinite Layer Method, Geotechnique, vol 38, No-3, p415-431.
[118]Cheung,YK., RK K lee, WB, Zhao(1991), Elastoplastic Analysis of Soil-Pile Interaction,Computers and Geotechnics, No 12, p115-132.
[119]陈雨孙,周红.纯摩擦桩荷载-沉降曲线的拟合方法及其工作机理,岩土工程学报,1987,9(2)：49-61.
[120]施建勇,赵维炳,周春儿.钢桩负摩阻力分析[J].岩土工程学报199517(2)：54-59.
[121]马远刚,童梅.桩侧负摩阻力有限元模拟[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(24)：20-22.
[122]ADINA在交通土建工程中的应用[M].亚得科技有限公司,2004.
[123]李广信.高等土力学(第1版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[124]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[125]Roscoe K. H. and Bur land J. B. On the Generalized Stress-Strain Behavior of Wet Clay, Engineering Plastisity, ed.Heyman L and Leckie F. A., Cambridge Univ.Press.1998,5 (1):23-45.
[126]His J. P, Small c. Simulation of excavation in an elastic-plastic material and analysis method[J]. Geomech,1992,16(1):123-134.
[127]徐长节,李庆金.支护参数对复合支护基坑变形的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2)：295-298.
[128]张雁,刘金波.桩基手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[2]钱鸿缙等.湿陷性黄土地基[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1985.
[3]《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GBJ7-89)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[4]《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[5]《建筑桩基础技术规范》(JGJ94-2008)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[6]《建筑桩基础技术规范》(JGJ94-94)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1 995.
[7]《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》(GB50025-2004)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[8]《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》(GBJ25-90)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[9]《港口工程桩基规范》(JTJ254-98)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[10]史佩东主编.桩基工程手册[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2008.
[11]Johannessen I J,Bjerrum L. Measurement of the compression of a steel pile to rock due to settlement of the surrounding clay[C].Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Montreal,1965,2:261-264.
[12]Bjerrum L,Johannessen I J, Eide O. Reduction of negative skin friction on steel piles to rock[C].Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico City,1969,2:27-33.
[13]Fellenius B H, Broms B B. Negative skin friction for long piles driven in clay[C]. Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico City,1969,2:93-98.
[14]Bozozuk M, Labrecque A. Downdrag measurements on 270 Ft. Composite piles[C]. Performance of Deep Foundations, A-STM Special Technical Publication 444. Philadelphia, Penn-sylvania,1969:15-40.
[15]Bozozuk M. Downdrag measurements on a 160-ft floating pipe test pile in marine clay[J]. CanADINA Geotechnical Journal,1972,2: 127-136.
[16]Bozozuk M. Bearing capacity of pile Preloaded by downdrag[C]. Proceedings of Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm,1981,2:631-636.
[17]Keenan G H, Bozozuk M. Downdrag on a three-pile group pile[C]. Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Sanfrancisco/12-16,August 19851407-1412.
[18]Horvat E, C Van der veen. Negative skin friction and safety analysis of piles[C]. Proc.IX Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. Tokyo: Japanese Society of soil Mechanics Foundation Engineering,1997, 551-554.
[19]Endo M, Minou A, Kawasaki T et al. Negative skin friction acting on steel pipe pile in clay[C]. Proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City,1969,2:85-92.
[20]Okabe T. Large negative friction and friction-free pile methods[C]. Proceedings of Ninth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Okyo,1997,1:679-682.
[21]Fukuya T, Todoroki T, Kasuga M. Reduction of negative skin friction with steel tube NF Pile[C]. Proceedings of Seven Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference/22-26 November 1982/Hong Kong.333-346.
[22]Takahashi K, Behavior of Single piles in Subsiding Ground[R]. Technical Note of PHRI,1985,533.
[23]Takahashi K, Katayama T, Sound S. Positive and Negative skin friction on a pile in soft clayed ground at haneda[C]. GEO-COAST'91.3-6, Sept.,1991, Yokohama.6-13.
[24]Inoue Y, Tamaoki K, Ogai T. Settlement of building due to pile Downdrag[C]. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Okyo,1977,1:561-564.
[25]Auvinet G, Chanel J J. Negative skin friction on piles Mexico clay[C]. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm,1981,2:599-604.
[26]Clemente F M. Downdrag on bitumen coated piles in a warm climate[C].Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm,1981,2:673-676.
[27]Phamvan P, Buensuceso B R, Indraratna B et al. Negative skin friction on driven piles[C]. Proceedings of the 10th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference. Taipei,1990,1:367-372.
[28]Indrarana B, Balasubramaniam A S, Phamvan P et al. Development of negative skin friction on driven piles in soft Bangkok clay[J]. CanADINA Geotechnical Journal,1992,29:3-93-404.
[29]Chun F Leung, Radhakrishnan R, Siew-Ann Tan. Performance of driven piles in marine clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1991,117(4):637-657.
[30]Little J A, Price G,Ibrahim K. Geotechnical instrumentation for a full-scale study of negative skin friction in clay[C].4th International DFI Conference. Stresa,1991,1:491-496.
[31]Little J A, Ibrahim K. Predictions associated with the pile downdrag study at the SERC soft clay site at Bothkennar, Scotland[C]. Proc. Wroth Mem. Sym.. Oxford,1993:796-8-18.
[32]Little J A. Downdrag on pile:review and recent experimentation[C]. Proceeding of the Conference on Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments. Part 2(of 2), Jun 16-18,1994, college station TX, USA. Geotechnical Publication 2(4):1805-1825.
[33]Toru Shibata, Hideo Sekiguchi, Hiroshi Yukitomo. Model test and analysis of negative friction acting on piles[J]. Soils and foundations, June 1982,1(21):29-39.
[34]Little J A, Toma T M. The development of shaft adhesion with onset of negative skin friction for a fixed base model pile[J]. Proceeding Second International Conference on Foundations and Tunnels. Engineering Technics Press,1989,111-117.
[35]Ergun M U. Negative skin friction from surface settlement measurements in model group tests[J]. CanADINA Geotechnical Journal,1995,32:1075-1079.
[36]Kyu Hwan Lee, Min Bo Shim, Song Lee et al. A study on characteristic of negative skin friction on model pile[C]. Proceeding of the Ninth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Brest France, May 30-June,1999:718-723.
[37]Leung C F, Liao B K, Chow Y K et al. Behavior of pile subject to negative skin friction and axial load[J]. Soils and Foundations, 2004,44,6:17-26.
[38]Terzaghi K, Peck R B工程实用土力学[M].蒋彭年译.北京：水利水电出版,1960.
[39]Zeevaert L. Reduction of point Bearing Capacity of Piles Because of the Negative Friction[M]. First pan-American conference on soil machanics and foundation engineering. Mexico,1959,3:1145-1152.
[40]Zeevaert L难处理地基的基础工程[M].陆焕生等译.北京：水利出版社,1982.
[41]杨克已等.实用桩基工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[42]王钟琦,俞调梅等.地基与基础译文集5(桩基础)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982：1-22.
[43]Fellenius B H. Unified design of piled foundation with emphasis on settlement analysis[C]. Honoring George G. Goble-- "Current Practice and Future Trends in Deep Foundations" Geo-TRANS Conference, Los Angeles, July 27-30,2004, Edited by J. A. DiMaggio and M. H. Hussein. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, GSP 125:253-225.
[44]Poulos H G, Mattes N S. The Analysis of Downdrag in end-bearing Piles[C]. Proc 7th ICOSMFE.1969,2:203-209.
[45]Poulos H G, Davis E H. Prediction of negative friction with time in end-bearing piles[J]. Aust Geotechs.1972,62(1):11-22.
[46]Walker L K, Darvall P, Le P. Dragdown on coated and uncoated piles[C]. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Moscow, Union of the Soviet Socialists Republic,1973,2(I):257-262.
[47]Poulos H G, Davis E H. Prediction of downdrag force in end-bearing piles[J]. ASCE,1975,101 (GT2):189-204.
[48]Poulos H G, Davis E H. Pile Foundation Analysis and Design[M]. John Wiely,1980:265-294.
[49]Alonso E E, Josa A, Ledesma A. Negative skin friction on pile:a simplified analysis and prediction procedure[J]. Geotechnique, 1984,34(3):341-357.
[50]Chow Y K, Chin J T, Lee S L. Negative skin friction on pile groups[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14:75-91.
[51]Lee C J. Pile Groups under negative skin friction[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, October,1993,119(10):1587-1600.
[52]Maugeri M et al. Discussion:Pile groups under negative skin friction[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. July,1995,576.
[53]Lim C H, Chow Y K, Karunaratne G P. Negative skin friction on single piles in a layered half-space[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1993,17:625-645.
[54]Teh C I, Wong K S, Analysis of downdrag on pile group [J].Geotechnical Engineering, June 1995,457-465.
[55]Wong K S, Teh C I. Negative skin friction on piles in layered soil deposits[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, June 1995,457-465.
[56]Poorooshasb H B, Alamgir M, Miura N. Negative skin friction on rigid and deformable piles [J]. Computer and Geotechnics,1996,16(2) 109-126.
[57]Chow Y K, Lim C H, Karunaratne G P. Numerical modeling of negative friction on pile group[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 1969,18(3):201-224.
[58]Chan K S, Karasudhi P, Lee S L. Force at a point in the interior of a layered elastic half-space[J]. Int. J. Solids Struct.,1974,10:1179 1199.
[59]Emilios M Comodromos and Spyridoula V Bareka. Evaluatiio of negative skin friction effects in pile foundation using 3D nonlinear analysis[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32:210-221.
[60]Adel M. Hanna. Drag force on single piles in clay subjected to surcharge loading. International Journal of Geomechanics ASCE/ March/April 2006/89-96.
[61]Lee C J, Bolton M D, Al-Tabbaa A. Numerical modeling of group effects on the distribution of dragloads in pile foundations[J]. Geotechnique,2002,52(5):325-335.
[62]Jeong S Loe J H, Lee C J. Slip effect at the pile-soil Interface on dragload[J]. Computer and Geotechnics,2004,31:115-126.
[63]Lee C J, Lee J H, Jeong S. The influence of soil slip on negative skin friction in pile groups connected to a cap[J]. Geotechnique,2006, 56(1)：53-56.
[64]李光煜,汪彬.钢管桩负摩阻力及水平位移的测定[J].岩土力学,1988,9(2)：89-97.
[65]李光煜,汪彬.静力试桩及负摩阻力研究的新进展[J].土工基础,1990,4(2)：1-8.
[66]Lee P K K, Lumb P. Field measurements of negative skin friction on steel tube piles in Hong Kong[A]. A Memorial Collection of Selected Papers and Memoir of Professor Peter Lumb,2002,799-809.
[67]吴文,徐松林,吕富庆等.大型堆载条件下桩土性状的试验研究[J].岩土力学,1998,19(3)：65-71.
[68]律文田,冷伍明,王永和.软土地区桥台桩基负摩阻力试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(6)：642-645.
[69]聂如松,冷伍明.软土地基桥台桩基负摩擦力的试验研究[J].铁道建筑,2005,1-4.
[70]上海第三航务局工程科学研究所.洋山深水港区二期工程接案结构原型观测试验阶段性报告[R].2005年8月.
[71]王大刚.桩基工程负摩擦研究及应用[工程硕士专业学位论文][D].南京：河海大学,2005.
[72]吴一伟,费涵昌,林侨兴等.砂土液化对桩基影响[J].同济大学学报,1995.23(3)：360-364.
[73]陆明生.桩基表面负摩擦力的试验研究及试验公式[J].水运工程,1997,(5)：54-58.
[74]谢耀峰.港口工程桩基水平承载力和负摩擦力的研究[博士学位论文][D].南京：河海大学,2002.
[75]童建国,朱瑞燕.固结软土中单桩负摩擦离心机模型试验研究[J].电力勘测设计,2006,(1)：12-15,23.
[76]同济大学地基研究所(赵锡宏).桩基负摩擦力计算[J].同济大学科技情报,F75002,1975.
[77]Zhao X H. Negative friction of a pile in soft soils. GEO COAST'91. 3-6, Sept.1991,Yokohama, Japan.
[78]赵锡宏,张启辉,张保良.承受负摩擦力的桩基沉降计算的迭代法[J].岩土力学,1999,20(2)：17-21.
[79]北京理正软件设计研究所,赵锡宏,张启辉,张保良.同济-理正桩基方案优化设计软件,2000.
[80]《港口桩基工程沉降、负摩擦及软基加固技术经验交流会》论文集 [C].交通部水运工程情报网地基基础分网,1986.
[81]李作勤.摩擦桩的荷载传递及承载力的一些问题[J].岩土力学1990,11(4)：1-12.
[82]殷宗泽,朱泓等.土与结构材料接触面的变形及其数学模型[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)：14-21.
[83]王建华,陆建飞,沈为平.Biot固结理论在单桩负摩擦研究中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(5)：590-593.
[84]陆建飞,王建华,沈为平.考虑固结和流变的群桩的积分方程解法[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6)：650-653.
[85]崔江余.桩基负摩阻力在纠倾工程中的应用[J].探矿工程,2000,(3)：15-17.
[86]夏力农,王星华.带负摩阻力桩基的设计与检测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊)：491-494.
[87]赵明华,贺伟,曹文贵.桩基负摩阻力计算方法初探[J].岩土力学2004,25(9)：1442-1446.
[88]高灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧表面负摩擦力解析模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5)：731-741.
[89]陈斗生,杨恒伟.桩基负摩擦力之分析与评估[C].2007海峡两岸岩土工程地工技术交流研讨会(岩土工程的安全与品质),111-118.
[90]陈斗生.陈斗生博士纪念论文集[C].富国技术工程股份有限公司2008：121-164.
[91]陈福全,龚晓南,马时冬.桩的负摩阻力现场试验及三维有限元分析[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(3)：77-80.
[92]汪鹏程,赵俊杰,朱向荣.有限元法探讨冻结井井壁上融沉负摩擦力性状[J].矿冶工程,2003,23(5)：1-4.
[93]袁灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧负摩擦阻力三维非线性数值分析[J].地下空间,2004,24(4)：456-460.
[94]马远刚,童梅.桩侧负摩阻力有限元模拟[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(24)：20-22.
[95]夏力农,王星华,蒋春平.桩顶荷载对桩基负摩阻力特性的影响[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(4)：369-362.
[96]赵明华,刘思思.多层地基单桩负摩擦力的数值模拟计算[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3)：336-340.
[97]张广林.国营524厂金工车间单桩负摩擦力试验[J].岩土工程技术,1998,(1).
[98]何颐华,闵连太.湿陷性黄土地基桩的负摩擦力问题[J].建筑结构学报,1982,3(6)：69-77.
[99]李大展,滕延京,何颐华等.湿陷性黄土中大直径扩底桩垂直承载性状的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2)：11-21.
[100]李大展等.Q2黄土的大面积浸水试验与研究[J].岩土工程学报1993,15(2)：1-11.
[101]刘明振.含有自重湿陷性黄土夹层的场地上群桩负摩擦力的计算[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6)：749-752.
[102]胡启胜,陈文艳.湿陷性黄土地基桩负摩擦阻力探讨[A].刘金砺主编.桩基工程技术进展[M].北京：知识产权出版社,2005,143-147.
[103]黄雪峰,陈正汉,哈双等.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土中灌注桩承载性状与负摩阻力的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3)：338-346.
[104]夏力农,王星华.带负摩阻力桩基的设计与检测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S2)：491-494.
[105]《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2011)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[106]费康,刘汉龙,高玉峰,丰土根.现浇混凝土薄壁的荷载传递机理[J].岩土力学,2005,25(5)：764-768.
[107]费康,刘汉龙,高玉峰.路堤下现浇薄壁管桩复合地基工作特性分析[J],岩土力学,2004,25(9)：1390-1396.
[108]左东启,等.模型试验的理论和方法[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1984.
[109]袁文忠.结构静力学模型实验[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社1998.
[11 0]杨俊杰.相似理论与结构模型试验[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2005.
[111]於法明,宋兵,郑美田.大直径钻孔灌注桩荷载与沉降规律的试验研究[J].岩土工程界,2006,7：33-36.
[112]O'Neill M.W., Raines R.D. Load transfer for pipe piles in highly pressured dense sand[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Division,1974, 100(7):749-761.
[113](美)彼莱奇科,(美)廖荣锦,(美)默然著.庄茁等译,连续体和结构的非线性有限元[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[114]左名棋,胡人礼,毛洪渊.桩基础工程设计／施工／检测[M].北京中国铁道出版社,1996.
[115]林天健,熊厚金,王利群.桩基设计指南[M].北京：中国建筑工业,1999.
[116]Clough, GH, J. M Duncan(1971), Finite ElementAnalysis ofRetaining Wall Behavior,Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, vol 97, No. SM12, p1657-1674.
[117]Cheung, K, Tham, L. G, Coo, D, J, (1989)Analysis of Pile Group by Infinite Layer Method, Geotechnique, vol 38, No-3, p415-431.
[118]Cheung,YK., RK K lee, WB, Zhao(1991), Elastoplastic Analysis of Soil-Pile Interaction,Computers and Geotechnics, No 12, p115-132.
[119]陈雨孙,周红.纯摩擦桩荷载-沉降曲线的拟合方法及其工作机理,岩土工程学报,1987,9(2)：49-61.
[120]施建勇,赵维炳,周春儿.钢桩负摩阻力分析[J].岩土工程学报199517(2)：54-59.
[121]马远刚,童梅.桩侧负摩阻力有限元模拟[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(24)：20-22.
[122]ADINA在交通土建工程中的应用[M].亚得科技有限公司,2004.
[123]李广信.高等土力学(第1版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[124]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[125]Roscoe K. H. and Bur land J. B. On the Generalized Stress-Strain Behavior of Wet Clay, Engineering Plastisity, ed.Heyman L and Leckie F. A., Cambridge Univ.Press.1998,5 (1):23-45.
[126]His J. P, Small c. Simulation of excavation in an elastic-plastic material and analysis method[J]. Geomech,1992,16(1):123-134.
[127]徐长节,李庆金.支护参数对复合支护基坑变形的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2)：295-298.
[128]张雁,刘金波.桩基手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |