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软件组件技术及其在HECAD中的应用
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摘要
换热器是化工、炼油、电力等工业中广泛应用的一种节能过程装备,其结构复杂,零部件繁多,设计过程工序多、周期长。换热器设计和CAD技术的结合,极大地提高了设计质量与设计效率,缩短了新产品开发周期。但是,由于CAD软件开发自身专业性强,现有的换热器CAD软件还较落后于计算机应用技术发展的现状,在开发、维护、扩展及升级等方面存在一系列问题。随着软件工业的成熟以及对软件生产要求的不断提高,软件组件技术作为一种新的软件技术被提出并逐步成为主流技术。将新兴的软件技术应用于CAD软件开发中,是一个迫切的研究课题,对于促进CAD的发展具有重要的意义。
     本文在分析将组件技术应用于CAD中的重要性和可行性的基础上,系统研究了基于COM的软件组件技术,提出了一种基于组件技术进行软件开发的CBSD方法,并结合UML建模语言,首次应用于换热器CAD系统的开发中,实现了换热器CAD系统的组件化。具体内容和创新点如下:
     1.通过与其它软件方法比较,系统分析了HECAD系统关键技术——组件技术的原理,深入研究了COM组件技术的实现机制,它是本文的理论基础和实现方式。
     软组件一般是指可以在二进制级别上进行集成和重用而且可以被独立生产获得和配置的软件单元。软件组件技术是支持软件复用的核心技术,其基本思想就是将复杂的大型系统中的基础服务功能分解为若干个独立的、功能单一的可复用软件单元。组件之间、组件与用户之间可以跨进程、跨机器、跨语言甚至跨操作平台进行通信。利用组件技术进行软件开发可看成是一个以组装为主的软件开发过程,而不是一切从头开始建立一个新的应用。这样,任何人可以用自己方便的语言去实现可复用的软件组件和使用组件提供的服务,从而在更大程度上实现了代码重用和系统集成,降低了系统的复杂程度。
     软件组件的对象模型是关于软件组件之间如何连接的标准。目前,基于组件技术的规范主要有Microsoft的COM(组件对象模型)、OMG的CORBA以及Sun的JavaBeans。COM为组件提供了编程模型和二进制标准,定义并实现了一整套软件组件之间互操作的机制,为软件的组件化提供了技术支持。由于Microsoft的Windows已经成为PC操作系统的
    
     主流,所以COM成为开发PC平台应用事实上的标准。本文即采用了COM
     标准。
     z.提出了一种基于组件的软件开发(Comnonent-Based8onware
     Development,图CBSD)方法,将UML与组件技术相结合,深入研究了
     CBSD中的关键技术——领域工程和软件体系结构以及CBSD关键过程。
     UML是面向对象建模的标准语言,它独立于任何软件开发过程。而
     组件技术是面向对象技术的一个发展,两者可以很好的融合。利用UML
     的支持,方便了领域分析、系统规约设计,在组件开发阶段利用UML语
     言描述组件的各方面信息,并把该LML模型作为组件的一部分,使组件
     更易懂、易用。
     本文提出的CBSD方法主张在软件体系结构的指导下进行可复用组
     件的提取、开发和集成,而软件体系结构的产生依据领域工程的成果。
     领域工程是一个反复的、逐渐精化的过程,通过它产生具有较高可复用
     性的组件和特定领域的软件体系结构DSSA,为该领域内组件软件的开
     发产生可复用资源并提供组件组装的基础和上下文。
     CBSD方法包括两个过程:组件开发和组件集成。这两个过程可以
     由不同的组织来完成,因而可以并行发生。经过领域分析、设计和可复
     用的领域组件的开发,建立可重用组件库。针对特定系统的需求进行特
     化,确定软件系统的体系结构,提取系统需要的领域组件,并根据本系
     统的特殊需要开发专用组件,在此基础上将各组件集成为一个完整的应
     用软件。
     3.首次应用 COM技术和 CBSD方法进行换热器mD系统的厂发,建
     立了组件化系统模型,开发了换热器设计组件,实现了换热器CAD系统
     的组件化,解决了系统的重用和维护困难问题。
     首先,根据本系统的特点和背景,确定领域的范围为换热器设计领
     域,并利用UML语言进行换热器领域分析,抽取出DSSA和可复用组件,
     建立领域组件库;然后进行 HECAD系统分析设计,进行 Use Case分析,
     建立由包图、组件图组成的系统静态模型,由活动图、状态图、顺序图
     和合作图组成的系统动态模型。
     在组件开发阶段,在w++6.0环境中,采用mC和 ATL具进行
     HECAD组件的实现。根据系统的特点和需要,换热器CAD组件实现了自
     动化接口以方便跨语言调用并具有用户界面,通过使用AOtOCAD的COM
     接口而将其作为系统的图形支撑。各领域组件和系统专用组件开发完成
Heat exchanger is a energy-saving process equipment used widely in industry of chemical engineering, oil refining and electric power etc. Because it has complicated structure and miscellaneous components, the designing process has characteristic of long cycle and numerous procedures. The combination of CAD and heat exchanger design have increased the quality and efficiency of design and shorten the development cycle of the new manufactures. But result from the considerable speciality of CAD software development, the existing heat exchanger CAD software drop behind the computer application technology and have a serious of problems in development, maintenance, extension and upgrade. With the mature of software industry and higher and higher demands of software, Software-Based Software Development has been put on as a new kind of method to develop software and become a mainstream technology. Using the new technology in the development of CAD software is a stringent task and is important to propel the developmen
    t of CAD.
    On the basis of analyzing the feasibility and importance of utilizing the component technology in CAD, this dissertation systematically research COM based software component technology, presents a new CBSD method to developing component based software, use this method and UML language to develop Heat Exchanger CAD (HECAD) system and implement componentization of the system for the first time.
    1. Through comparing component technology with other technologies, this dissertation have systematically analyzed the idea of key technology of HECAD system-component technology and made an in-depth study of the principle and implement mechanism of COM technology, as is taken as theoretical foundation and implement pattern.
    Software components are binary units of independent production, acquisition and deployment that interact to form a functioning system. As the core technology supporting software reuse, the idea of component technology is to decompose the fundamental service function into some independent, reusable component with simplex function. Components can communicate with users or other components in different language from different process, different computer, even different platform. Software development using component technology is not to build a new application from the beginning, but a course of basically assembling components. Thus, everyone can implement components with convenient language and use the
    
    
    services components provided which realize the software reuse and system integration and reduce the complexity of system.
    The object model of software component is the criterion on how to link between software components. At present component based criterion mainly include COM(Component Object Model) of Microsoft, CORBA of OMG and JavaBeans of Sun. COM have provided the programming model and binary standard and define a set of mechanism of inter-operation between components. As Windows become the mainstream of PC operation system, COM also become the factual criterion of PC platform based application development. This paper adopt COM criterion.
    2. This dissertation have presented a type of Component Based Software Development(CBSD) method, combined component technology with UML language, made a in-depth study of key process and key technology of CBSD, such as Software Architecture and Domain Engineering.
    UML is an Object-Oriented modeling standard language which is independent on any software development process. As component technology is a development of Object-Oriented technology, it is good to combine both. With the support of UML, we can not only expediently go on domain analyzing and system designing but also use UML describe the information of components and take the UML model as one part of component which make components more comprehensible and easier to use.
    The CBSD method protest to pick out, develop and assemble reusable components under the guidance of Software Architecture which is generated based on the achievement of Domain Engineering. Domain Engineering is an
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