软开关直流变换器的研究
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的迅速发展,PWM DC/DC变换器的应用也日益广泛,如今高性能、高效率、小型化和轻量化,越来越成为各类PWM DC/DC变换器追求的目标。软开关技术是电力电子装置特别是直流变换装置向高频化、高功率密度化发展的关键技术,有着良好的应用前景,近年来成为研究的热点。
在对硬开关功率变换电路缺点分析的基础上,提出了软开关变换电路,并对软开关的定义、分类、发展及其控制策略进行了归纳和总结。在此基础上,本文设计了一种改进型的零电流转换脉宽调制全桥DC/DC变换器,并对变换器的拓扑结构、工作过程及其特点做了深入阐述。这种新型变换器能在负载范围内成功实现所有主开关管和辅助开关管的零电流转换,而且副边整流二极管也能实现软转换,保证了变换器在很宽的负载范围内有很高的效率。随后设计了主电路和控制电路,给出了主电路参数,其移相控制采用UC3875实现。
最后运用Pspice仿真软件对变换器工作特性进行了仿真。仿真证明其电路拓扑结构是正确的。
With the development of power electronics technology, Pulse Width Modulation DC-DC converters get more and more application. Nowadays, high performance, high efficiency and light weight are the most important performance figure of all kinds of PWM DC-DC converters. In order to increase the power density and output efficiency, the soft switching techniques is the key. And it has been attracted more and more attentions.
A soft-switching converter circuit is discussed on the basis of analysis of the hard-switching power converter circuit's shortcoming in the paper. The definition, classification, development and the control strategy of the soft-switching have been summarized. On the base of the analysis and the study mentioned above, an improved full-bridge zero current transition resonant DC/DC converter is designed in this paper.
The circuit topology, principle of operation and the circuit features have been analyzed detailed. This converter not only achieves zero current switching for the main switches and auxiliary switch in the load ranges, but it also realizes soft commutation of the secondary rectifier diodes. So it guarantees high efficiency over wide load range. Then the design of main circuit and control circuit are developed, the parameters of main circuit are given. The phase-shift control is implemented with UC3875.
Furthermore, a simulation is performed successfully to analyze the converter's working characteristics using the famous CAD simulation software Pspice9.2. The simulation results show the circuit topology is right.
在对硬开关功率变换电路缺点分析的基础上,提出了软开关变换电路,并对软开关的定义、分类、发展及其控制策略进行了归纳和总结。在此基础上,本文设计了一种改进型的零电流转换脉宽调制全桥DC/DC变换器,并对变换器的拓扑结构、工作过程及其特点做了深入阐述。这种新型变换器能在负载范围内成功实现所有主开关管和辅助开关管的零电流转换,而且副边整流二极管也能实现软转换,保证了变换器在很宽的负载范围内有很高的效率。随后设计了主电路和控制电路,给出了主电路参数,其移相控制采用UC3875实现。
最后运用Pspice仿真软件对变换器工作特性进行了仿真。仿真证明其电路拓扑结构是正确的。
With the development of power electronics technology, Pulse Width Modulation DC-DC converters get more and more application. Nowadays, high performance, high efficiency and light weight are the most important performance figure of all kinds of PWM DC-DC converters. In order to increase the power density and output efficiency, the soft switching techniques is the key. And it has been attracted more and more attentions.
A soft-switching converter circuit is discussed on the basis of analysis of the hard-switching power converter circuit's shortcoming in the paper. The definition, classification, development and the control strategy of the soft-switching have been summarized. On the base of the analysis and the study mentioned above, an improved full-bridge zero current transition resonant DC/DC converter is designed in this paper.
The circuit topology, principle of operation and the circuit features have been analyzed detailed. This converter not only achieves zero current switching for the main switches and auxiliary switch in the load ranges, but it also realizes soft commutation of the secondary rectifier diodes. So it guarantees high efficiency over wide load range. Then the design of main circuit and control circuit are developed, the parameters of main circuit are given. The phase-shift control is implemented with UC3875.
Furthermore, a simulation is performed successfully to analyze the converter's working characteristics using the famous CAD simulation software Pspice9.2. The simulation results show the circuit topology is right.
引文
[1]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[2]Abraham I.Pressman著,王志强等泽.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[3]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4]贾正春,马志源.电力电子学.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[5]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,2000
[6]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[7]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[8]赵良炳,杨德刚.软开关技术的回顾与展望.电力电子技术.1998年第一期
[9]张胜辉,郭海军,石文国.并联均流高频开关电源的研究.国外电子元器件.2005年第三期
[10]谭阳红,蒋文科,何怡刚.基于OrCAD 10.5的电子电路分析与设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[11]陈建业.电力电子电路的计算机仿真.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[12]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[13]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[14]曲学基,王增幅,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[15]朱建华,罗方林.功率谐振变换器及其发展方向.电工电能新技术.2004年第23卷1期
[16]付丽,杨旭,卓放.基于滑变结构控制的数字化全桥移相软开关电源.电工电能新技术.2003年第22卷4期
[17]阮新波,严仰光.全桥变换器的控制策略.电力电子技术.1998年第3期
[18]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[19]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002
[20]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学.北京:科学出版社,1993
[21]胡学芝,南光群.UC3875在全桥软开关DC/DC变换器中的应用.机床电器.2004第6期
[22]赵修科.实用电源技术手册磁性元器件分册.沈刚:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002
[23]于聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000
[24] H.Liu F.C.Lee. Resonant Switches-A Unified Approach to Improve Performances of Switching Converter.Proc.of Intern.Telecommunication Energy Conf 1984 344 351
[25] H.Liu F.C.Lee. Resonant Switches Topologies and Characteristics. Proceedings of PESC 1986 404 413
[26] Lofti A W Sabate J A, Lee F C. Design Optimization of the Zero-voltage switched PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC, 1990: 30-37
[27] Chen Q, Lofti AW, Lee F C. Design Trade-offs in 5V Output Off-line Zero-voltage PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC, 1991: 89-99
[28] ua G C, lee F C, Jovanovic M. An inproved ZVS-PWM converter using a saturable inductor. VPEC Seminar, 1991: 160-167
[29] G.Hua, C.S.Leu,Y.Jiang,F.C.Lee.Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM converters. IEEE Trans.Power Electron.vol.9,No.2,Mar,1994 213-218
[30] "Phase shift resonant converter UC3875/6/7/8/9" Product& Applications hand book 1995-1996, Unitrode Integrated Circuits corporation
[31] J.GCho, JASabate, F.C.Lee. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications. IEEE PESC Rec, 1994: 102-108
[32] H.Liu , F.C.Lee. Resonant Switches Topologies and Characteristics. Proceedings of PESC 1986: 404-413
[33] Jiuchun Jiang, Weige Zhang, Bo Shen. Analysis and Design of ANovel ZCT-PWM Converter. IEEE Trans.Power Electron vol. 1 2003: 126-130
[34] Hengchun Mao F.C.Lee Xunwei Zhou Heping Dai D.Boroyevich Improved Zero-Current Transition Converters For High-Power Applications. IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,Vol.33 No.5, 1997 : 1220-1232
[35] M.J.Schutten D.A.Torrey . Improved Small-Signal Analysis for the Phase-Shifted PWM Power Converter. IEEE Trans.Power Electronics, Vol.18, No.2, 2003: 659-669
[36] Dong-Yun Lee, Min-Kwang, Lee Dong-Seok Hyun.New Zero-Current-Transition PWM DC/DC Converters Without Current Stress. IEEE Trans.Power Electron, Vol.18, No.l, 2003: 95-104
[37] Tamotsu Ninomiya, Masatoshi Nakahara, Toru Higashi,etal. A unified analysis of resonant converter. IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics, 1991,6(2): 260-270
[38]L.Solero,D.Boroyevich,Y.P.Li F.C.Lee.Design of Resonant Circuit for Zero-Current-Transition Techniques In 100-kW PEBB Applications.IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,Vol.39,No.6,2003:1783-1794
[39]Vatche Vorperian,Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part Ⅰ,Part Ⅱ.IEEE Trans.on AES,1990,26(3):490-505
[40]Ramsh Oruganti,Phua Chee Heng,Jeffrey Tan Klan Guan etal.Soft-Switched DC/DC Converter with PWM Control.IEEE Transactions on PE,Jan,1998,Vol.13,No.1:102-114
[2]Abraham I.Pressman著,王志强等泽.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[3]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4]贾正春,马志源.电力电子学.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[5]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,2000
[6]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[7]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[8]赵良炳,杨德刚.软开关技术的回顾与展望.电力电子技术.1998年第一期
[9]张胜辉,郭海军,石文国.并联均流高频开关电源的研究.国外电子元器件.2005年第三期
[10]谭阳红,蒋文科,何怡刚.基于OrCAD 10.5的电子电路分析与设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[11]陈建业.电力电子电路的计算机仿真.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[12]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[13]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[14]曲学基,王增幅,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[15]朱建华,罗方林.功率谐振变换器及其发展方向.电工电能新技术.2004年第23卷1期
[16]付丽,杨旭,卓放.基于滑变结构控制的数字化全桥移相软开关电源.电工电能新技术.2003年第22卷4期
[17]阮新波,严仰光.全桥变换器的控制策略.电力电子技术.1998年第3期
[18]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[19]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002
[20]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学.北京:科学出版社,1993
[21]胡学芝,南光群.UC3875在全桥软开关DC/DC变换器中的应用.机床电器.2004第6期
[22]赵修科.实用电源技术手册磁性元器件分册.沈刚:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002
[23]于聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000
[24] H.Liu F.C.Lee. Resonant Switches-A Unified Approach to Improve Performances of Switching Converter.Proc.of Intern.Telecommunication Energy Conf 1984 344 351
[25] H.Liu F.C.Lee. Resonant Switches Topologies and Characteristics. Proceedings of PESC 1986 404 413
[26] Lofti A W Sabate J A, Lee F C. Design Optimization of the Zero-voltage switched PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC, 1990: 30-37
[27] Chen Q, Lofti AW, Lee F C. Design Trade-offs in 5V Output Off-line Zero-voltage PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC, 1991: 89-99
[28] ua G C, lee F C, Jovanovic M. An inproved ZVS-PWM converter using a saturable inductor. VPEC Seminar, 1991: 160-167
[29] G.Hua, C.S.Leu,Y.Jiang,F.C.Lee.Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM converters. IEEE Trans.Power Electron.vol.9,No.2,Mar,1994 213-218
[30] "Phase shift resonant converter UC3875/6/7/8/9" Product& Applications hand book 1995-1996, Unitrode Integrated Circuits corporation
[31] J.GCho, JASabate, F.C.Lee. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications. IEEE PESC Rec, 1994: 102-108
[32] H.Liu , F.C.Lee. Resonant Switches Topologies and Characteristics. Proceedings of PESC 1986: 404-413
[33] Jiuchun Jiang, Weige Zhang, Bo Shen. Analysis and Design of ANovel ZCT-PWM Converter. IEEE Trans.Power Electron vol. 1 2003: 126-130
[34] Hengchun Mao F.C.Lee Xunwei Zhou Heping Dai D.Boroyevich Improved Zero-Current Transition Converters For High-Power Applications. IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,Vol.33 No.5, 1997 : 1220-1232
[35] M.J.Schutten D.A.Torrey . Improved Small-Signal Analysis for the Phase-Shifted PWM Power Converter. IEEE Trans.Power Electronics, Vol.18, No.2, 2003: 659-669
[36] Dong-Yun Lee, Min-Kwang, Lee Dong-Seok Hyun.New Zero-Current-Transition PWM DC/DC Converters Without Current Stress. IEEE Trans.Power Electron, Vol.18, No.l, 2003: 95-104
[37] Tamotsu Ninomiya, Masatoshi Nakahara, Toru Higashi,etal. A unified analysis of resonant converter. IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics, 1991,6(2): 260-270
[38]L.Solero,D.Boroyevich,Y.P.Li F.C.Lee.Design of Resonant Circuit for Zero-Current-Transition Techniques In 100-kW PEBB Applications.IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,Vol.39,No.6,2003:1783-1794
[39]Vatche Vorperian,Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part Ⅰ,Part Ⅱ.IEEE Trans.on AES,1990,26(3):490-505
[40]Ramsh Oruganti,Phua Chee Heng,Jeffrey Tan Klan Guan etal.Soft-Switched DC/DC Converter with PWM Control.IEEE Transactions on PE,Jan,1998,Vol.13,No.1:102-114