机载ISAR对海面舰船成像算法研究及其硬件实现
|
摘要
逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)能够全天候、全天时、远距离获得非合作运动目标的精细图像,具有重要的军用和民用价值。由于舰船运动的复杂性,ISAR对海面舰船的成像一直是国内外相关领域的研究重点。本文在对ISAR距离对准算法和海面舰船最优成像时刻选择算法进行深入研究的基础之上,结合硬件平台,重点研究了距离对准算法和最优成像时刻选择算法的硬件实现问题,最后在通用并行数字信号处理系统上实现了对仿真和实测数据的成像处理。全文的内容可以归纳为以下几个方面:
第一章回顾了ISAR成像技术在国内外的发展情况,介绍了ISAR成像的基本原理,介绍了DSP并行处理系统在雷达信号处理中的应用,并概述了全文的主要内容。
第二章阐述了ISAR距离对准技术的基本原理,回顾了传统的距离对准算法,介绍了一种新的全局最小熵算法;本章还对在成像积累角度较大情况下的距离对准进行了讨论,并对此提出了改进距离对准效果的分段算法。
第三章首先对海面舰船回波信号的特点进行了分析,给出了舰船目标成像的信号模型,其次介绍了海面舰船最优成像时刻选择算法。最后通过对仿真数据的成像处理,说明最优成像时刻选择算法的有效性。
第四章研究了在通用并行数字信号处理系统上实现ISAR成像处理的方法。在第二章和第三章的研究基础上,对距离对准算法和最优成像时刻选择算法处理任务进行了划分,设计了算法的并行处理方案,并在通用并行数字信号处理系统上实现了上述两种算法,最后分别给出实测和仿真数据的处理结果。
第五章对全文的工作进行总结,并指出了下一步需要继续研究的问题。
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a kind of high resolution imaging radar, which allows fine resolution, all weather, day-and-night imaging of noncooperative targets in long range. Therefore, it is of great military and civil values. Among the applications of ISAR, the imaging of ship target is an active topic. This thesis studies on the range alignment algorithm of ISAR imaging; and the solution to range alignment in condition of large integration angle. Moreover, our thesis deals with the optimal imaging time selection algorithm, which is based on the rotation vector estimation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through the imaging experiment using the experimental data. Considering the ISAR imaging under real-time condition, the range alignment and optimal imaging time selection algorithms are implemented on parallel DSP devices using live and experimental ISAR data. The main content of this thesis can be concluded as follow:
In chapter 1, the development of the ISAR is reviewed; the principle of the ISAR imaging is introduced; and the application of the parallel DSP system in radar signal processing is outlined.
In chapter 2, the principle of the ISAR range alignment is described; a kind of range alignment algorithm based on global entropy minimization is proposed after the review of tradition range alignment algorithms; ISAR range alignment in case of large integration angle is also discussed and a segmentation algorithm is given to improve the performance.
In chapter 3, firstly, the characteristic of the echo of ship target is analyzed, and the signal model is given. Then the optimal imaging time selection algorithm is introduced. Finally imaging experiment on simulated target is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
In chapter 4, the implementation of ISAR imaging process on the parallel digital signal processing system is studied. Based on the analysis of the global entropy minimization range alignment algorithm and the optimal imaging time selection algorithm in chapter 2 and 3, ISAR imaging task is partitioned and the parallel imaging process is implemented.
In chapter 5, the work of this thesis is concluded and the future work is pointed out.
第一章回顾了ISAR成像技术在国内外的发展情况,介绍了ISAR成像的基本原理,介绍了DSP并行处理系统在雷达信号处理中的应用,并概述了全文的主要内容。
第二章阐述了ISAR距离对准技术的基本原理,回顾了传统的距离对准算法,介绍了一种新的全局最小熵算法;本章还对在成像积累角度较大情况下的距离对准进行了讨论,并对此提出了改进距离对准效果的分段算法。
第三章首先对海面舰船回波信号的特点进行了分析,给出了舰船目标成像的信号模型,其次介绍了海面舰船最优成像时刻选择算法。最后通过对仿真数据的成像处理,说明最优成像时刻选择算法的有效性。
第四章研究了在通用并行数字信号处理系统上实现ISAR成像处理的方法。在第二章和第三章的研究基础上,对距离对准算法和最优成像时刻选择算法处理任务进行了划分,设计了算法的并行处理方案,并在通用并行数字信号处理系统上实现了上述两种算法,最后分别给出实测和仿真数据的处理结果。
第五章对全文的工作进行总结,并指出了下一步需要继续研究的问题。
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a kind of high resolution imaging radar, which allows fine resolution, all weather, day-and-night imaging of noncooperative targets in long range. Therefore, it is of great military and civil values. Among the applications of ISAR, the imaging of ship target is an active topic. This thesis studies on the range alignment algorithm of ISAR imaging; and the solution to range alignment in condition of large integration angle. Moreover, our thesis deals with the optimal imaging time selection algorithm, which is based on the rotation vector estimation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through the imaging experiment using the experimental data. Considering the ISAR imaging under real-time condition, the range alignment and optimal imaging time selection algorithms are implemented on parallel DSP devices using live and experimental ISAR data. The main content of this thesis can be concluded as follow:
In chapter 1, the development of the ISAR is reviewed; the principle of the ISAR imaging is introduced; and the application of the parallel DSP system in radar signal processing is outlined.
In chapter 2, the principle of the ISAR range alignment is described; a kind of range alignment algorithm based on global entropy minimization is proposed after the review of tradition range alignment algorithms; ISAR range alignment in case of large integration angle is also discussed and a segmentation algorithm is given to improve the performance.
In chapter 3, firstly, the characteristic of the echo of ship target is analyzed, and the signal model is given. Then the optimal imaging time selection algorithm is introduced. Finally imaging experiment on simulated target is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
In chapter 4, the implementation of ISAR imaging process on the parallel digital signal processing system is studied. Based on the analysis of the global entropy minimization range alignment algorithm and the optimal imaging time selection algorithm in chapter 2 and 3, ISAR imaging task is partitioned and the parallel imaging process is implemented.
In chapter 5, the work of this thesis is concluded and the future work is pointed out.
引文
[1] D.D.Ausherman, A.Kozma, et al, Development in Radar Imaging, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.20, No.4, July 1984, pp.363~399.
[2]张澄波,综合孔径雷达,北京,科学出版社,1989。
[3] J.C.Curlander, R.N.Mcdonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, John Wiley&Sons, 1991.
[4] D.R.Whener, High Resolution Radar, Boston: Artech House,1995
[5] C.C.Chen, H.C.Andrews, Target Motion Induced Radar Imaging, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.16, No.1, 1980, pp.2~14
[6] J.L.Walker, Range-Doppler Imaging of Rotating Objects, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.16, No.1, Jan 1980, pp.23~52
[7]刘永坦,雷达成像技术,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999
[8]张卫杰,DSP在雷达信号处理中的应用,世界电子元器件,2005,8:47～52
[9]苏涛,并行处理技术在雷达信号处理中的应用研究,[博士学位论文],西安电子科技大学,1999
[10]刘书明,苏涛,罗军徽,TigerSHARC DSP应用系统设计,北京,电子工业出版社,2004
[11] G.Y.Wang, Z.Bao, The Minimum Entropy Criterion of Range Alignment in ISAR Motion Compensation, Radar’97, Oct.1997, pp.236~239
[12]汪玲,ISAR运动补偿技术研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003
[13]郑义明,SAR/ISAR运动补偿新方法研究,博士学位论文,西安,西安电子科技大学,2000
[14]邢孟道,保铮,郑义明,用整体最优准则实现ISAR成像的包络对齐,电子学报, Vol.29, No.12, Dec.2001, pp.1807~1811
[15]邢孟道,保铮,一种逆合成孔径雷达成像包络对齐的新方法,西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版), Vol.27, No.1, Feb.2000, pp.93~96
[16] J.F.Wang, D.Kasilingam, Global Range Alignment for ISAR, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.39, No.1, Jan.2003, pp.351~357
[17] D.Y.Zhu, L.Wang, Q.N.Tao, et al, ISAR Range Alignment by Minimizing the Entropy of the Average Range Profile, 2006 IEEE International conference on radar, April 2006, pp.813~818
[18]汪玲,ISAR成像关键技术研究,博士学位论文,南京,南京航空航天大学,2006
[19] D.E.Wahl, P.H.Eichel, D.C.Ghiglia, et al, Phase Gradient Autofocus-a Robust Tool forHigh-resolution SAR Phase Correction, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.30, No.3, July 1994, pp.827~835
[20] C.A.Snarski, Rank One Phase Error Estimation for Range-Doppler Imaging, IEEE Trans.on AES, Vol.32, No.2, April 1996, pp.676~688
[21] D.Rapsilber, Airborne ISAR Processor for Ship Target Imaging, EUSAR’96, 1996, pp.435~438
[22] A.W.Rihaczek, S.J.Hershkowitz, Choosing Imaging Intervals for Small Ships, Pro.SPIE, Vol.3810, July 1999, pp.139~148
[23] D.Pastina, A.Montanari, A.Aprile, Motion Estimation and Optimum Time Selection for Ship ISAR Imaging, 2003 IEEE Radar Conference, 2003, pp.7~14
[24]汤洁,机载ISAR对舰船成像技术研究,硕士学位论文,南京,南京航空航天大学,2005
[25] G.Hajduch, J.M.L.E Caillec, R.Garello, et al, High-Resolution Snapshot SAR-ISAR Imaging of Ship Targets at Sea, Pro.SPIE, Vol.4883, 2003, pp.39~47
[26] S.Musman, D.Kerr, C.Baciimann, Automatic Recognition of ISAR Ship Images, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.32, No.4, Oct 1996, pp.1392~1404
[27] L.M.Murphey, Linear Feature Detection and Enhancement in Noisy Image via Radon Transform, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol.4, No.4, 1986, pp.279~284
[28] D.Manolakis, V.K.Ingle, S.M.Kogon, Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2000
[29] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC Processor Hardware Reference, Analog Devices Inc, Revision 1.1, 2005
[30] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC Processor Programming Peference, Analog Devices Inc, Revision 1.1, 2005
[31] TS-C43 User Manual, Transtech DSP, C43 M2.4, 2004
[32] Transtech BSP Manual, Transtech DSP, TS-4.5r0, 2004
[33] TS-Lib Introduction and Installation Guide 1.2, EZ-DSP Limited, 2002
[34] TS-Lib IEEE 754 Float Optimized DSP Library for the TigerSHARC TS101 DSP User Manual, EZ-DSP Limited, Vision 2.1.0, 2004
[35] ACME TigerSHARC软件开发系统用户手册,中航雷达与电子设备研究院,Vision 1.3,2005
[36] ACME TigerSHARC软件函数库手册,中航雷达与电子设备研究院,Vision 1.0,2004
[37]熊红林,机载双模SAR成像处理及硬件实现,硕士学位论文,南京航空航天大学,2007
[38]李爱波,机载SAR并行成像处理的硬件实现,硕士学位论文,南京航空航天大学,2008
[39] T.Cooke, Ship 3D Model Estimation from an ISAR Image Sequence, Radar Conference,Proceedings of the International, 2003, pp. 36~41
[40] J.Li, H. Ling, Application of Adaptive Chirplet Representation for ISAR Feature Extraction from Targets with Rotating Part, IEE Proceedings of Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol.150, No.4, Aug.2003, pp.284~291
[2]张澄波,综合孔径雷达,北京,科学出版社,1989。
[3] J.C.Curlander, R.N.Mcdonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, John Wiley&Sons, 1991.
[4] D.R.Whener, High Resolution Radar, Boston: Artech House,1995
[5] C.C.Chen, H.C.Andrews, Target Motion Induced Radar Imaging, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.16, No.1, 1980, pp.2~14
[6] J.L.Walker, Range-Doppler Imaging of Rotating Objects, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.16, No.1, Jan 1980, pp.23~52
[7]刘永坦,雷达成像技术,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999
[8]张卫杰,DSP在雷达信号处理中的应用,世界电子元器件,2005,8:47～52
[9]苏涛,并行处理技术在雷达信号处理中的应用研究,[博士学位论文],西安电子科技大学,1999
[10]刘书明,苏涛,罗军徽,TigerSHARC DSP应用系统设计,北京,电子工业出版社,2004
[11] G.Y.Wang, Z.Bao, The Minimum Entropy Criterion of Range Alignment in ISAR Motion Compensation, Radar’97, Oct.1997, pp.236~239
[12]汪玲,ISAR运动补偿技术研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003
[13]郑义明,SAR/ISAR运动补偿新方法研究,博士学位论文,西安,西安电子科技大学,2000
[14]邢孟道,保铮,郑义明,用整体最优准则实现ISAR成像的包络对齐,电子学报, Vol.29, No.12, Dec.2001, pp.1807~1811
[15]邢孟道,保铮,一种逆合成孔径雷达成像包络对齐的新方法,西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版), Vol.27, No.1, Feb.2000, pp.93~96
[16] J.F.Wang, D.Kasilingam, Global Range Alignment for ISAR, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.39, No.1, Jan.2003, pp.351~357
[17] D.Y.Zhu, L.Wang, Q.N.Tao, et al, ISAR Range Alignment by Minimizing the Entropy of the Average Range Profile, 2006 IEEE International conference on radar, April 2006, pp.813~818
[18]汪玲,ISAR成像关键技术研究,博士学位论文,南京,南京航空航天大学,2006
[19] D.E.Wahl, P.H.Eichel, D.C.Ghiglia, et al, Phase Gradient Autofocus-a Robust Tool forHigh-resolution SAR Phase Correction, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.30, No.3, July 1994, pp.827~835
[20] C.A.Snarski, Rank One Phase Error Estimation for Range-Doppler Imaging, IEEE Trans.on AES, Vol.32, No.2, April 1996, pp.676~688
[21] D.Rapsilber, Airborne ISAR Processor for Ship Target Imaging, EUSAR’96, 1996, pp.435~438
[22] A.W.Rihaczek, S.J.Hershkowitz, Choosing Imaging Intervals for Small Ships, Pro.SPIE, Vol.3810, July 1999, pp.139~148
[23] D.Pastina, A.Montanari, A.Aprile, Motion Estimation and Optimum Time Selection for Ship ISAR Imaging, 2003 IEEE Radar Conference, 2003, pp.7~14
[24]汤洁,机载ISAR对舰船成像技术研究,硕士学位论文,南京,南京航空航天大学,2005
[25] G.Hajduch, J.M.L.E Caillec, R.Garello, et al, High-Resolution Snapshot SAR-ISAR Imaging of Ship Targets at Sea, Pro.SPIE, Vol.4883, 2003, pp.39~47
[26] S.Musman, D.Kerr, C.Baciimann, Automatic Recognition of ISAR Ship Images, IEEE Trans. On AES, Vol.32, No.4, Oct 1996, pp.1392~1404
[27] L.M.Murphey, Linear Feature Detection and Enhancement in Noisy Image via Radon Transform, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol.4, No.4, 1986, pp.279~284
[28] D.Manolakis, V.K.Ingle, S.M.Kogon, Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2000
[29] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC Processor Hardware Reference, Analog Devices Inc, Revision 1.1, 2005
[30] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC Processor Programming Peference, Analog Devices Inc, Revision 1.1, 2005
[31] TS-C43 User Manual, Transtech DSP, C43 M2.4, 2004
[32] Transtech BSP Manual, Transtech DSP, TS-4.5r0, 2004
[33] TS-Lib Introduction and Installation Guide 1.2, EZ-DSP Limited, 2002
[34] TS-Lib IEEE 754 Float Optimized DSP Library for the TigerSHARC TS101 DSP User Manual, EZ-DSP Limited, Vision 2.1.0, 2004
[35] ACME TigerSHARC软件开发系统用户手册,中航雷达与电子设备研究院,Vision 1.3,2005
[36] ACME TigerSHARC软件函数库手册,中航雷达与电子设备研究院,Vision 1.0,2004
[37]熊红林,机载双模SAR成像处理及硬件实现,硕士学位论文,南京航空航天大学,2007
[38]李爱波,机载SAR并行成像处理的硬件实现,硕士学位论文,南京航空航天大学,2008
[39] T.Cooke, Ship 3D Model Estimation from an ISAR Image Sequence, Radar Conference,Proceedings of the International, 2003, pp. 36~41
[40] J.Li, H. Ling, Application of Adaptive Chirplet Representation for ISAR Feature Extraction from Targets with Rotating Part, IEE Proceedings of Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol.150, No.4, Aug.2003, pp.284~291