墨脱公路嘎隆拉隧道应力测试与反演
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摘要
嘎隆拉隧道地处西藏南部,地质条件复杂,气候恶劣,构造运动活跃,地质灾害种类繁多。初始地应力场及围岩二次应力场对隧道施工起着至关重要的作用。本文在分析嘎隆拉隧道地质条件的基础上,通过现场测试、室内试验、理论分析和数值模拟,对隧道初始地应力场和围岩二次应力场进行了研究。
①采用三孔交汇应力解除法测试得到了隧道2个实测点的三维初始地应力状态,对隧址区地应力场特征有了正确的认识。隧址区岩体应力场是构造应力、重力共同作用的结果,并非单一的重力应力场或构造应力场。
②通过Kaiser效应法测试得到了隧道8个测点的三维初始地应力状态。三孔交汇法和Kaiser效应法在相同位置处的测试结果比较接近,表明了Kaiser效应法的适用,也证明了其它测点测试结果的正确性。
③结合隧道工程实际,确定了6种地应力反演影响因素,建立了6种工况模型,将实测初始地应力值通过弹性力学转轴公式转化为计算坐标系下的地应力分量。应用多元线性回归分析方法,结合实测初始地应力资料进行了隧道初始地应力场反演,得到了隧道初始地应力场的分布规律。
④采用改进型应力恢复法测试得到了6个测点的隧道围岩二次应力。结合初始地应力反演结果,以侧压力系数法对围岩二次应力场进行了数值模拟,得到了隧道开挖后的围岩二次应力场特征,并对二次应力与隧道埋深的关系、围岩二次应力断面分布特征进行了分析,得到了由隧道开挖引起的二次应力场分布范围。
Galongla tunnel is located in southern Tibet, with complex geological conditions, bad climate, active tectonic movement, various geological disasters . Initial geostress field and surrounding rock secondary stress field plays a vital role of construction of tunnel. Based on the analysis of the geological condition of galongla tunnel, and through the field test, laboratory test , theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the initial stress field and surrounding rock secondary stress were studied.
①Three-dimensional initial geostress state of 2 measured points is got by three holes intersection stress release method, making clear the characteristics of initial geostress field. Rock stress field is the result of joint action of tectonic stress and gravity, not a single gravity stress or tectonic stress field.
②Three-dimensional initial geostress state of 8 measured points is got by kaiser effect method. Testing results of three holes intersection method and kaiser effect method in the same position are close, showing kaiser effect method′s practicability, also proving the correctness of the other point′s test results.
③Combining with engineering practice, 6 kinds of influence factor of geostress are determined. Six working models are established. The initial geostress value measured is translated by elastic mechanics formula for geostress components in calculating coordinates. Initial geostress field of tunnel is got by multiple linear regression analysis method, combining with the initial geostress data measured, and tunnel initial geostress field distribution rule is obtained.
④Surrounding rock's second stress of six points is got by modified stress recovery method. Combining with initial geostress inversion results, numerical simulation of the surrounding rock secondary stress field is done by side pressure coefficient method. Characteristic of the secondary stress field of surrounding rock is obtained after tunnel excavation. The relationship of secondary stress and the buried depth of tunnel, and the characteristics of secondary stress cross the tunnel section are analyzed. And the distribution of the secondary stress field caused by excavation is got.
①采用三孔交汇应力解除法测试得到了隧道2个实测点的三维初始地应力状态,对隧址区地应力场特征有了正确的认识。隧址区岩体应力场是构造应力、重力共同作用的结果,并非单一的重力应力场或构造应力场。
②通过Kaiser效应法测试得到了隧道8个测点的三维初始地应力状态。三孔交汇法和Kaiser效应法在相同位置处的测试结果比较接近,表明了Kaiser效应法的适用,也证明了其它测点测试结果的正确性。
③结合隧道工程实际,确定了6种地应力反演影响因素,建立了6种工况模型,将实测初始地应力值通过弹性力学转轴公式转化为计算坐标系下的地应力分量。应用多元线性回归分析方法,结合实测初始地应力资料进行了隧道初始地应力场反演,得到了隧道初始地应力场的分布规律。
④采用改进型应力恢复法测试得到了6个测点的隧道围岩二次应力。结合初始地应力反演结果,以侧压力系数法对围岩二次应力场进行了数值模拟,得到了隧道开挖后的围岩二次应力场特征,并对二次应力与隧道埋深的关系、围岩二次应力断面分布特征进行了分析,得到了由隧道开挖引起的二次应力场分布范围。
Galongla tunnel is located in southern Tibet, with complex geological conditions, bad climate, active tectonic movement, various geological disasters . Initial geostress field and surrounding rock secondary stress field plays a vital role of construction of tunnel. Based on the analysis of the geological condition of galongla tunnel, and through the field test, laboratory test , theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the initial stress field and surrounding rock secondary stress were studied.
①Three-dimensional initial geostress state of 2 measured points is got by three holes intersection stress release method, making clear the characteristics of initial geostress field. Rock stress field is the result of joint action of tectonic stress and gravity, not a single gravity stress or tectonic stress field.
②Three-dimensional initial geostress state of 8 measured points is got by kaiser effect method. Testing results of three holes intersection method and kaiser effect method in the same position are close, showing kaiser effect method′s practicability, also proving the correctness of the other point′s test results.
③Combining with engineering practice, 6 kinds of influence factor of geostress are determined. Six working models are established. The initial geostress value measured is translated by elastic mechanics formula for geostress components in calculating coordinates. Initial geostress field of tunnel is got by multiple linear regression analysis method, combining with the initial geostress data measured, and tunnel initial geostress field distribution rule is obtained.
④Surrounding rock's second stress of six points is got by modified stress recovery method. Combining with initial geostress inversion results, numerical simulation of the surrounding rock secondary stress field is done by side pressure coefficient method. Characteristic of the secondary stress field of surrounding rock is obtained after tunnel excavation. The relationship of secondary stress and the buried depth of tunnel, and the characteristics of secondary stress cross the tunnel section are analyzed. And the distribution of the secondary stress field caused by excavation is got.
引文
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[5] F H Cornet. In situ stress heterogeneity identification with the HTPF tool.In:Tillerson and Wawersiked. Rock Mechanics. New York: McGraw.Hill,1992.
[6]蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华等.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2006, 25 (5) :1069-1074.
[7]蔡美峰,乔兰,李华斌.地应力测量原理和技术[J].北京:北京科学出版社, 1995.
[8]刘允芳,龚壁新.深钻孔地应力测试技术与地应力场分析方法[J].岩土工程学报, 1993, 15(3):63-72.
[9]李迪.岩石坝基的研究动向和岩石力学测试技术的某些进展[J].人民长江, 1992, 23(9):15-20.
[10]尹健民,罗超文,艾凯.某隧道区地应力测量与岩爆分析[J].岩土力学, 2003, 24(增1): 28-30.
[11]刘允芳.岩体地应力与工程建设[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社, 2000.
[12]李方全.地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1985, 4 (1) : 95-111.
[13]张卓元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京地质出版社, 1993.
[14]傅鹤林.岩石声发射的Kaiser效应及其在地应力场测试中的应用[J].化工矿物与加工,2002(5) : 20-22.
[15]薛亚东,高德利.声发射地应力测量中凯塞点的确定[J].石油大学学报, 2000, 24 (5) :1-4.
[16]姜永东,鲜学福,许江.岩石声发射Kaiser效应应用于地应力测试的研究[J]岩土力学, 2005,(6):947-950.
[17]李俊平,周创兵.岩体的声发射特征试验研究[J]岩土力学, 2004,(3):3740-3781.
[18]尹菲.声发射测地应力在黄河小浪底等坝址区的应用[J].人民黄河, 1990,12(6):47-50.
[19]杨林德.岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M] .北京:科学出版社,1996.
[20]郑宏,葛修润,谷先荣等.关于岩土工程有限元分析中的若干问题[J] .岩土力学, 1995, 16 (3) :7 -12.
[21]柴贺军,刘浩吾,王明华.大型电站坝区应力场三维弹塑性有限元模拟和拟合[J] .岩石力学与工程学报,2002 ,21 (9) :1314 - 1318.
[22]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展, 2005, 35(1) :91-99.
[23]庞作会,陈文胜,邓建辉等.复杂初始地应力场的反分析[J ] .岩土工程学报,1998 ,20 (4) :44 - 47.
[24]朱伯芳.岩体初始地应力反分析[J] .水利学报, 1994, (10) :30-35.
[25]戚蓝.初始地应力场系统分析理论与方法研究[D].天津大学博士论文, 2003.
[26]朱伯芳.岩体初始地应力场反分析[J].水利学报, 1994.
[27]易达,徐明毅,陈胜宏等.人工神经网络在岩体初始应力场反演中的应用[J] .岩土力学,2004 ,25(6): 943 - 946.
[28]吕爱钟,蒋斌松.岩石力学反问题[M].煤炭工业出版社, 1998.
[29]张有天,胡惠昌.地应力场的趋势分析[J] .水利学报, 1984, (4) :31 - 38.
[30]邱祥波,李术才,李树忱.三维地应力回归分析方法与工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(10):1613-1617.
[31]董志高,吴继敏,施志群等.某水电站地下厂房区初始地应力场回归分析[J].河海大学学报, 2003, 31(5):543-545
[32]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.深钻孔套芯应力解除法的测量技术和实例[J].长江科学院院报, 2008, 25(5):1-6.
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