长江散货运输组织方式竞争力研究
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摘要
长江流域水系发达,有着得天独厚的航运资源,是沟通我国东西部的水路运输大动脉,对沿江地区社会经济的发展起着重要的作用,在西部大开发战略中扮演着极其重要的角色。从长江航运的现状来看,与其它运输方式相比,发展速度、技术水平和管理水平还有较大差距,长江航运的作用并未得到充分发挥。随着长江航运对沿江经济社会发展的重要作用被国家和地方所认识,政府不断提高对长江航运的重视程度,不断推进航运管理体制改革,投放巨额资金改善航运条件。同时,市场需求和市场供给的特点也发生了较大的变化。基于以上原因,从事长江航运的各大航运企业也适时地调整、制订企业的中长期发展战略,其中的一项主要内容就是长江散货运输组织方式的革新与变革,并且为业内和学术界所热议。
散货运输是长江航运生产活动的重要组成部分,散货运输生产效果的好坏一定程度上反映了长江航运生产的状况。而散货运输组织方式很大程度上影响着散货运输生产的效果,因此对散货运输组织方式进行研究有着重要的意义。
本文运用系统工程学、经济学、现代西方企业管理理论、技术经济学、管理学、应用数学等理论和方法,内容主要围绕长江散货运输组织方式竞争力的内涵、评价指标体系和评价模型的建立、实证研究等几个方面展开。第一,引入竞争力的概念表征不同长江散货运输组织方式之间的差异,还基于多视角分析了船舶运输组织方式竞争力的内涵。第二,利用利益相关者理论构建了一套竞争力评价指标体系,该方法使建立的评价指标更有据可依,能够较全面真实地反映散货运输组织方式竞争力的全部内容。并运用模糊一致矩阵理论确定了指标权重。第三,运用DEA和模糊综合评判法的集成理论解决定性指标的量化问题。第四,应用灰色理论方法和自主决策方法分别建立了竞争力的综合评价模型。第五,运用上述理论和方法对南通至武汉航段的典型运输组织方式进行实证研究,评价了2010年度该航段主要运输组织方式的8个代表方案。评价结果显示,该航段机动船运输整体优于船队运输,但船队运输并不处于绝对弱势。最后,在评价结果的基础上得出机动船运输是南通至武汉航段散货运输的主要发展对象,在综合改善运输条件的情况下船队运输具有较大发展潜力的结论。并给出了改善长江散货运输组织方式和提高长江航运发展水平的相关建议。
As the most important waterway linking east to west, Yangtze River has good channel condition, attaching much importance to the social and economy developing of areas along the river, and also to Strategy to Develop Western Regions. But the development speed, technical merit and management level of Yangtze River shipping are behind other mode of shipping at present. The shipping capability of Yangtze River does not be fully used. As the important role of the River plays in the social and economy developing of areas along it is realized by state and local government, the governments, both state and local, pay more attentions to it, promote the reform of the shipping management system and make heavy investment to improve the shipping condition. At the same time, there are some changes in both market demand and supply. For the reasons above, the shipping enterprises begin to rectify business strategy, including of the changes of bulk cargo transportation organization of the Yangtze River. And this is one hot topic which is discussed by the shipping industry and the academia.
As an important part of Yangtze River shipping, bulk cargo transportation results can show its situations. The results depend on bulk cargo transportation organization largely, for what there is important significance in studying on the bulk cargo transportation organization.
Theories and methods such as System Analysis Engineering, Economics, Western Modern Management Theory, Technological Economics, Principles of Management, Applied Mathematics are used in this paper to study the contents of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness of the Yangtze River, to set up evaluation index system and evaluation model and to do empirical study. The research details and results are as follows. Firstly, competitiveness is used to character the difference among different bulk cargo transportation organization. The contents of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness basing on various visual angles are analyzed. Secondly, stakeholder theory was applied to set up evaluation index system. The indexes are more reliable, containing all aspects of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness. Then the indexes weights are affirmed by using fuzzy consistency matrix. Thirdly, Data Envelopment Analysis and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation are both used to quantify qualitative indicators. Fourthly, Grey Theory and Self-determination Decision-making are used to design evaluation models of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness of the Yangtze River. Fifthly, the evaluation models are applied to evaluate eight typical transportation organization programs of Wuhan-Nantong channel in 2010. The evaluation results indicate that the self propelled barge transportation organization programs are more competitive than fleet, but the fleet transportation organization programs are not absolutely weak. Finally, the conclusions that self propelled barge transportation organization will be the primary development objects and the fleet will make a good performance in case that the conditions of shipping be improved are put forward. And also some suggestions to improve the bulk cargo transportation organization of the Yangtze River and the shipping development level of it are proposed.
散货运输是长江航运生产活动的重要组成部分,散货运输生产效果的好坏一定程度上反映了长江航运生产的状况。而散货运输组织方式很大程度上影响着散货运输生产的效果,因此对散货运输组织方式进行研究有着重要的意义。
本文运用系统工程学、经济学、现代西方企业管理理论、技术经济学、管理学、应用数学等理论和方法,内容主要围绕长江散货运输组织方式竞争力的内涵、评价指标体系和评价模型的建立、实证研究等几个方面展开。第一,引入竞争力的概念表征不同长江散货运输组织方式之间的差异,还基于多视角分析了船舶运输组织方式竞争力的内涵。第二,利用利益相关者理论构建了一套竞争力评价指标体系,该方法使建立的评价指标更有据可依,能够较全面真实地反映散货运输组织方式竞争力的全部内容。并运用模糊一致矩阵理论确定了指标权重。第三,运用DEA和模糊综合评判法的集成理论解决定性指标的量化问题。第四,应用灰色理论方法和自主决策方法分别建立了竞争力的综合评价模型。第五,运用上述理论和方法对南通至武汉航段的典型运输组织方式进行实证研究,评价了2010年度该航段主要运输组织方式的8个代表方案。评价结果显示,该航段机动船运输整体优于船队运输,但船队运输并不处于绝对弱势。最后,在评价结果的基础上得出机动船运输是南通至武汉航段散货运输的主要发展对象,在综合改善运输条件的情况下船队运输具有较大发展潜力的结论。并给出了改善长江散货运输组织方式和提高长江航运发展水平的相关建议。
As the most important waterway linking east to west, Yangtze River has good channel condition, attaching much importance to the social and economy developing of areas along the river, and also to Strategy to Develop Western Regions. But the development speed, technical merit and management level of Yangtze River shipping are behind other mode of shipping at present. The shipping capability of Yangtze River does not be fully used. As the important role of the River plays in the social and economy developing of areas along it is realized by state and local government, the governments, both state and local, pay more attentions to it, promote the reform of the shipping management system and make heavy investment to improve the shipping condition. At the same time, there are some changes in both market demand and supply. For the reasons above, the shipping enterprises begin to rectify business strategy, including of the changes of bulk cargo transportation organization of the Yangtze River. And this is one hot topic which is discussed by the shipping industry and the academia.
As an important part of Yangtze River shipping, bulk cargo transportation results can show its situations. The results depend on bulk cargo transportation organization largely, for what there is important significance in studying on the bulk cargo transportation organization.
Theories and methods such as System Analysis Engineering, Economics, Western Modern Management Theory, Technological Economics, Principles of Management, Applied Mathematics are used in this paper to study the contents of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness of the Yangtze River, to set up evaluation index system and evaluation model and to do empirical study. The research details and results are as follows. Firstly, competitiveness is used to character the difference among different bulk cargo transportation organization. The contents of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness basing on various visual angles are analyzed. Secondly, stakeholder theory was applied to set up evaluation index system. The indexes are more reliable, containing all aspects of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness. Then the indexes weights are affirmed by using fuzzy consistency matrix. Thirdly, Data Envelopment Analysis and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation are both used to quantify qualitative indicators. Fourthly, Grey Theory and Self-determination Decision-making are used to design evaluation models of bulk cargo transportation organization competitiveness of the Yangtze River. Fifthly, the evaluation models are applied to evaluate eight typical transportation organization programs of Wuhan-Nantong channel in 2010. The evaluation results indicate that the self propelled barge transportation organization programs are more competitive than fleet, but the fleet transportation organization programs are not absolutely weak. Finally, the conclusions that self propelled barge transportation organization will be the primary development objects and the fleet will make a good performance in case that the conditions of shipping be improved are put forward. And also some suggestions to improve the bulk cargo transportation organization of the Yangtze River and the shipping development level of it are proposed.
引文
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[11]李娅莉,朱晓海.客运通道运输方式竞争力评价方法研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2008(7).
[12]鲍香台,何杰.运输组织学[M].南京:东南人学出版社,2009:300-308.
[13]徐瑞华,滕靖.交通运输组织基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:116-118.
[14]汪振华.黑龙江水系船舶运输组织规划研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
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[18]胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:5-16.
[19]陈建煊.利益相关者管理[J].经济管理,2000(4):58-58.
[20]Robert S.Kaplan and David E Norton.The Balanced Scorecard Measures That Drive Perfbrmance.Harvard Business Review.January-February 1992:71-79.
[21]李志毅,王朝晖.利益相关者:企业管理新概念[J].粮食科技与经济,2003(4).
[22]盛日.利益相关者理论与企业竞争力[J].湖南大学学报,2002(11).
[23]Art Schneiderman.Why Balanced Scorecards Fail.Journal of Strategic Performance measurement.January 1999:6-11.
[24]Paul Me Cunn.The Balanced Scorecard.The Eleventh Commandment Management Accounting.December1998:34-36.
[25]魏权龄.数据包络分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[26]虞鹏.基于DEA效率评价分析的飞机选型研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[27]郑欣.数据包络分析法评价城市竞争力之研究[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文,2003:19-26.
[28]张凌.基于DEA的企业技术创新项目评价与决策方法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2005.
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