螺旋式气液分离器的分离机理及性能研究
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摘要
在气井生产中,应用井下气水分离技术可将气井的产出水直接在同井中回注。螺旋式气液分离器应用井下同井回注技术进行井下分离可以解决高含气井中螺杆泵使用效率低的问题,实现井下气液分离、产出水回注和采气于一体,具有良好的经济效益和环保效果。
本文结合沈阳采油厂的井下工况设计了可用于井下回注工艺的螺旋式气液分离器,分析了螺旋式气液分离器的工作原理以及详细研究了螺旋分离器的结构参数和操作参数对分离器性能的影响。
基于Euler-Euler方法,以RNG k-ε模型为湍流模型,应用控制体积法及SIMPLE算法建立了螺旋式气液内部两相流场的数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对螺旋式气液分离器的内部气液两相流场进行了数值模拟,计算得到了分离器内部流场的速度分布特性、压力分布特性以及气液两相流分布规律。
应用数值模拟方法对结构参数不同的螺旋式气液分离器进行了模拟计算,详细研究了结构参数的变化对螺旋式气液分离器的压降以及分离效率的影响。通过计算,综合能耗和分离效率的因素得到螺距为25mm,螺旋圈数为5的螺旋式气液分离器为计算得到的最佳结构,分离效率可以达到95.28%。并通过对此结构的对不同排量和不同气液比的截面速度的分析,得到了分离器内流场分布规律。对螺旋式气液分离器实验结果与数值模拟进行比对,对比结果稍有差异,但趋势相同,验证了所建立的数学模型和所采用的数值模拟方法的正确性和可行性。
This paper presents application of downhole gas-liquid separation technology can be output of water directly into the same well water recharge in gas well production.gas-liquid spiral separator applied underground reinjection technology can be used to solve the screw pump problem of low efficiency in the high concentration gas well ,achieved downhole gas-liquid separation,produced water reinjection and gas production ,had good economic benefits and environmental protection.
The article combines with the downhole condition of Shenyan Oil Production Plant,designs the gas-water spiral separator used for downhole reinjection technology,analyzes the working principle of the gas-liquid spiral separator and detailed studies the impact of the separation mechanism of the structural parameters and operating parameters.
Numerical simulation was carried out by using CFD software FLUENT with Euler-Euler method. The simulation of interior flow field of the gas-liquid spiral separator is performed by means of RNG k-εturbulent model, control volume method and SIMPLE arithmetic method. The rules of velocity, pressure distribution and gas-liquid of two-phase flow distribution inside fluid are gained.
Numerical simulation was carried out the gas-liquid spiral separator of different structural parameters,detailed studies the impact : the changes of structural parameters of the gas-liquid spiral separator of pressure drop and separation efficiency. The optimum structure of screw - type gas - liquid separator is pitch 25mm, number of spiral 5 by integrating the factors of energy consumption and separation efficiency ,the separation efficiency can reach to 95.28%. Then we find the distribution of flow field in separator by studying cross - section velocity of different displacement and gas-liquid ratio through the structure. Compareing the experimental result with the numerical simulation, there is slight difference, but the trend is the same. We verify that the establishment of the mathematical model and Numerical Simulation Method for the correctness and feasibility.
本文结合沈阳采油厂的井下工况设计了可用于井下回注工艺的螺旋式气液分离器,分析了螺旋式气液分离器的工作原理以及详细研究了螺旋分离器的结构参数和操作参数对分离器性能的影响。
基于Euler-Euler方法,以RNG k-ε模型为湍流模型,应用控制体积法及SIMPLE算法建立了螺旋式气液内部两相流场的数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对螺旋式气液分离器的内部气液两相流场进行了数值模拟,计算得到了分离器内部流场的速度分布特性、压力分布特性以及气液两相流分布规律。
应用数值模拟方法对结构参数不同的螺旋式气液分离器进行了模拟计算,详细研究了结构参数的变化对螺旋式气液分离器的压降以及分离效率的影响。通过计算,综合能耗和分离效率的因素得到螺距为25mm,螺旋圈数为5的螺旋式气液分离器为计算得到的最佳结构,分离效率可以达到95.28%。并通过对此结构的对不同排量和不同气液比的截面速度的分析,得到了分离器内流场分布规律。对螺旋式气液分离器实验结果与数值模拟进行比对,对比结果稍有差异,但趋势相同,验证了所建立的数学模型和所采用的数值模拟方法的正确性和可行性。
This paper presents application of downhole gas-liquid separation technology can be output of water directly into the same well water recharge in gas well production.gas-liquid spiral separator applied underground reinjection technology can be used to solve the screw pump problem of low efficiency in the high concentration gas well ,achieved downhole gas-liquid separation,produced water reinjection and gas production ,had good economic benefits and environmental protection.
The article combines with the downhole condition of Shenyan Oil Production Plant,designs the gas-water spiral separator used for downhole reinjection technology,analyzes the working principle of the gas-liquid spiral separator and detailed studies the impact of the separation mechanism of the structural parameters and operating parameters.
Numerical simulation was carried out by using CFD software FLUENT with Euler-Euler method. The simulation of interior flow field of the gas-liquid spiral separator is performed by means of RNG k-εturbulent model, control volume method and SIMPLE arithmetic method. The rules of velocity, pressure distribution and gas-liquid of two-phase flow distribution inside fluid are gained.
Numerical simulation was carried out the gas-liquid spiral separator of different structural parameters,detailed studies the impact : the changes of structural parameters of the gas-liquid spiral separator of pressure drop and separation efficiency. The optimum structure of screw - type gas - liquid separator is pitch 25mm, number of spiral 5 by integrating the factors of energy consumption and separation efficiency ,the separation efficiency can reach to 95.28%. Then we find the distribution of flow field in separator by studying cross - section velocity of different displacement and gas-liquid ratio through the structure. Compareing the experimental result with the numerical simulation, there is slight difference, but the trend is the same. We verify that the establishment of the mathematical model and Numerical Simulation Method for the correctness and feasibility.
引文
[1]杨启明.国外井下气液分离采气新技术研究现状分析[J].天然气工业,2001,21(2):85-88.
[2] John A.Veil.A White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oli,Natural Gas and Coal Bed Methane.prepared for US Dpartment of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory,Jan,2004.
[3]李敏.井下气液分离及回注系统研究[J].石油矿场机械,2006,35(2):27-30.
[4]丁良成.胜利油气区浅层气藏配套采气工艺技术及存在问题[J].钻采工艺,2004,25(3):21-22.
[5]张育林.采气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989,25.
[6]黄艳.国外排水采气工艺现状及发展趋势[J].钻采工艺,2005,20(4):27-30.
[7]李怀庆,耿新中,郝春山等.积液停产气井排液复产的新方法[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):88-90.
[8]春兰,魏文兴.国内外排水采气工艺现状[J].吐哈油气,2004,9(3):255-261.
[9] Matthess C M Application of downhole oil/water separation systems in the allionee field SPE 35817,1996.
[10]文昌玉,虞建华,燕自峰,等.泡沫排水采气技术在塔里木油田的应用[J]石.油钻采工艺,2007,29(4):100-102.
[11]冯仁东,王振松,索美娟,等.本井气柱塞气举技术研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007(3):193-195.
[12]张书平,白晓弘,樊莲莲,等.低压低产气井排水采气工艺技术[J].天然气工业,2005,25(4):106-109.
[13]黄艳,谢南星,谈锦锋.产水气井有效开采的工艺技术[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(2):24-27.
[14]卢富国.电潜泵排水采气是又一项排水采气后续工艺.钻采工艺,1999,5(6).
[15]贺遵义.射流泵举升工艺及应用[J].钻采工艺,2000,(3).
[16] Upadrashat K.R.,Ketcham V.J.,et al.Tangential velocity profile for pseudo-plastic power-low fluids in the hydrocyclone. A theoretical derivation[J].Int J of Miner Process,1987,20(6):309-318.
[17] Davison M.R.Numerical model of liquid-solid flow in a hydrocyclone with high solid fraction. Numerical Methods in Multiphase Flow ASMF,Fluids Engineering Division.1994,29-38.
[18] Rajamani K.and Hsieh K.T.Hydrocyclone model.A fluid mechanic approach.Society of Mining Engineers of ASME.1988
[19]Hsieh K.T.and Rajamani K.Phenomenological model of the hydrocyclone.Modeldevelopment and verification for single-phase flow[J].Int.J.Miner Process,1988,22(8)
[20] Monredon T.C.,Hsieh K.T.and Rajamani K.Fluid flow model of the hydrocyclone.An investigation of device dimensions[J]I.nt.J.Miner Process,1992,35(4):65-83.
[21]周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟.北京清华大学出版社,1991,(1):238-418.
[22]薄启炜,张琪,林博,等.螺旋式井下油气分离器设计与分析.石油机械,2003,31(1):8-10.
[23]Markov V.A,Volk A.M.,Ershov A.I.Liquid flow through holes in zhe walk of a direct-flow centrifugal component.Journal of Engineering Physics,1992,61(1):837-877.
[24]JS.Weingarten,M.M.Kolpak,S.A.Mattisonetal.Development and Testing of a Compact Liquid-Gas Auger Partial Separator for Downhole or Surface Applications.SPE Production &Facilities,Feb,1997(3):34-40.
[25]F.Chang,V.K.Dhir.Turbulent Flow Field in Tangentially Injected Swirl Flow in Tubes.Internal Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1994,15(5):346-349.
[26]李恒,张琪,曲占庆,等.管柱式气水旋流分离器分离率的数值模拟研究水.动力学研究与进展,2004(1):890-895.
[27]陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.203-207.
[28]佘梅卿.螺旋式油气分离器的设计与试验.石油机械.2006,34(7):56-59.
[29]John A.Veil Bruce G.Langhus Feasibility Evaluation of Downhole Oil/water Separator Technology Argonne National Laboratory 1999,1.
[30]金向红,金有海,王建军等.气液旋流分离技术的研究[J].材料与表面处理技术,2007,(8):85-89.
[31] Wang Zunce,Zhao Lixin,Li Feng,et al.Characteristics Study Of Hydrocyclone Used For Separating Polymer-Flood Produced-Water[J]I.SOPE,1999:226-230.
[32]薛国民,沈毅.螺旋管气液分离器结构与控制系统设计[M].电机与控制,2009(13):287-289.
[33] John A.Veil John J.Quinn Downhole Separation Technology Performance:Relationship to Geologic Condition Argonne National Laboratory 2004,11.
[34] Rosa E S,Franca F A,Ribeiro G S.The cyclone gas liquid separator:operation and mechanistic modeling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2001,32:87-101.
[35]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,1-4.
[36]韩占忠,王敬.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京理工大学出版社,2004,1-199.
[37]周帼彦,凌祥,涂善东.螺旋片导流式分离器分离性能的数值模拟与试验研究.化工学报,2004(55):1821-1826.
[38]Gomez L E.Dispersed two-phase swirling flow characterization for predicting gascarry-under(Dissertation of the degree of Doctor)[D].The University of Tulsa,2001.
[39]金向红,金有海,王建军等.两相流动模型在气液旋流分离器中的应用[J].材料与表面处理技术.2007,(12)97-99.
[40]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,116-125.
[41]P.Bradshaw,T.Cebeci,J.H.Whitelaw,Engineering Calculation Methods for Turbulent Flow.Academic Press London,1981.
[42] Fluent Inc,GAMBIT Modeling Guide.Fluent Inc,2003.
[43]路明,孙西欢等.湍流数值模拟方法及其特点分析[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2006,6(23):45-51.
[44]魏伟胜,杨彦文,鲍晓军,等.气液分离器的模拟实验[J].石油化工,2003,32(9):779-782.
[45]蒋明虎,赵立新,李枫,王尊策.旋流分离技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000,11-15.
[46]龚景松,傅维镳.旋转型气-液雾化喷嘴的雾化特性研究[J].热能动力工程,2006,21(6):632-636.
[47]吴道洪.WDH型气泡雾化喷嘴的流量特性研究[J].冶金能源,1998,17(6):37-44.
[48]仇性启,王宗明,王丽娟,等.气动旋流雾化原油喷嘴雾化特性的实验研究[J].石油机械.2001,29(2):5-7.
[49]周光坰,严宗毅.流体力学[M].高等教育出版社,2002,55-60.
[50]王振波,金有海.导叶式气液旋流分离器实验研究[J].流体机械,2006,34(3):7-10.
[51]刘晓敏,蒋明虎,王尊策,等.水力旋流器试验工艺装置的结构设计[J].石油矿场机械,2001,30(6):32-35.
[52]Bernardo S,Mori M,Peres A P,et al.3-D computational fluid dynamics for gas and gas-particle flows in a cyclone with different inlet section angles[J].Powder Technology,2006,162:190-200.
[2] John A.Veil.A White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oli,Natural Gas and Coal Bed Methane.prepared for US Dpartment of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory,Jan,2004.
[3]李敏.井下气液分离及回注系统研究[J].石油矿场机械,2006,35(2):27-30.
[4]丁良成.胜利油气区浅层气藏配套采气工艺技术及存在问题[J].钻采工艺,2004,25(3):21-22.
[5]张育林.采气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989,25.
[6]黄艳.国外排水采气工艺现状及发展趋势[J].钻采工艺,2005,20(4):27-30.
[7]李怀庆,耿新中,郝春山等.积液停产气井排液复产的新方法[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):88-90.
[8]春兰,魏文兴.国内外排水采气工艺现状[J].吐哈油气,2004,9(3):255-261.
[9] Matthess C M Application of downhole oil/water separation systems in the allionee field SPE 35817,1996.
[10]文昌玉,虞建华,燕自峰,等.泡沫排水采气技术在塔里木油田的应用[J]石.油钻采工艺,2007,29(4):100-102.
[11]冯仁东,王振松,索美娟,等.本井气柱塞气举技术研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007(3):193-195.
[12]张书平,白晓弘,樊莲莲,等.低压低产气井排水采气工艺技术[J].天然气工业,2005,25(4):106-109.
[13]黄艳,谢南星,谈锦锋.产水气井有效开采的工艺技术[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(2):24-27.
[14]卢富国.电潜泵排水采气是又一项排水采气后续工艺.钻采工艺,1999,5(6).
[15]贺遵义.射流泵举升工艺及应用[J].钻采工艺,2000,(3).
[16] Upadrashat K.R.,Ketcham V.J.,et al.Tangential velocity profile for pseudo-plastic power-low fluids in the hydrocyclone. A theoretical derivation[J].Int J of Miner Process,1987,20(6):309-318.
[17] Davison M.R.Numerical model of liquid-solid flow in a hydrocyclone with high solid fraction. Numerical Methods in Multiphase Flow ASMF,Fluids Engineering Division.1994,29-38.
[18] Rajamani K.and Hsieh K.T.Hydrocyclone model.A fluid mechanic approach.Society of Mining Engineers of ASME.1988
[19]Hsieh K.T.and Rajamani K.Phenomenological model of the hydrocyclone.Modeldevelopment and verification for single-phase flow[J].Int.J.Miner Process,1988,22(8)
[20] Monredon T.C.,Hsieh K.T.and Rajamani K.Fluid flow model of the hydrocyclone.An investigation of device dimensions[J]I.nt.J.Miner Process,1992,35(4):65-83.
[21]周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟.北京清华大学出版社,1991,(1):238-418.
[22]薄启炜,张琪,林博,等.螺旋式井下油气分离器设计与分析.石油机械,2003,31(1):8-10.
[23]Markov V.A,Volk A.M.,Ershov A.I.Liquid flow through holes in zhe walk of a direct-flow centrifugal component.Journal of Engineering Physics,1992,61(1):837-877.
[24]JS.Weingarten,M.M.Kolpak,S.A.Mattisonetal.Development and Testing of a Compact Liquid-Gas Auger Partial Separator for Downhole or Surface Applications.SPE Production &Facilities,Feb,1997(3):34-40.
[25]F.Chang,V.K.Dhir.Turbulent Flow Field in Tangentially Injected Swirl Flow in Tubes.Internal Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1994,15(5):346-349.
[26]李恒,张琪,曲占庆,等.管柱式气水旋流分离器分离率的数值模拟研究水.动力学研究与进展,2004(1):890-895.
[27]陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.203-207.
[28]佘梅卿.螺旋式油气分离器的设计与试验.石油机械.2006,34(7):56-59.
[29]John A.Veil Bruce G.Langhus Feasibility Evaluation of Downhole Oil/water Separator Technology Argonne National Laboratory 1999,1.
[30]金向红,金有海,王建军等.气液旋流分离技术的研究[J].材料与表面处理技术,2007,(8):85-89.
[31] Wang Zunce,Zhao Lixin,Li Feng,et al.Characteristics Study Of Hydrocyclone Used For Separating Polymer-Flood Produced-Water[J]I.SOPE,1999:226-230.
[32]薛国民,沈毅.螺旋管气液分离器结构与控制系统设计[M].电机与控制,2009(13):287-289.
[33] John A.Veil John J.Quinn Downhole Separation Technology Performance:Relationship to Geologic Condition Argonne National Laboratory 2004,11.
[34] Rosa E S,Franca F A,Ribeiro G S.The cyclone gas liquid separator:operation and mechanistic modeling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2001,32:87-101.
[35]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,1-4.
[36]韩占忠,王敬.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京理工大学出版社,2004,1-199.
[37]周帼彦,凌祥,涂善东.螺旋片导流式分离器分离性能的数值模拟与试验研究.化工学报,2004(55):1821-1826.
[38]Gomez L E.Dispersed two-phase swirling flow characterization for predicting gascarry-under(Dissertation of the degree of Doctor)[D].The University of Tulsa,2001.
[39]金向红,金有海,王建军等.两相流动模型在气液旋流分离器中的应用[J].材料与表面处理技术.2007,(12)97-99.
[40]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,116-125.
[41]P.Bradshaw,T.Cebeci,J.H.Whitelaw,Engineering Calculation Methods for Turbulent Flow.Academic Press London,1981.
[42] Fluent Inc,GAMBIT Modeling Guide.Fluent Inc,2003.
[43]路明,孙西欢等.湍流数值模拟方法及其特点分析[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2006,6(23):45-51.
[44]魏伟胜,杨彦文,鲍晓军,等.气液分离器的模拟实验[J].石油化工,2003,32(9):779-782.
[45]蒋明虎,赵立新,李枫,王尊策.旋流分离技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000,11-15.
[46]龚景松,傅维镳.旋转型气-液雾化喷嘴的雾化特性研究[J].热能动力工程,2006,21(6):632-636.
[47]吴道洪.WDH型气泡雾化喷嘴的流量特性研究[J].冶金能源,1998,17(6):37-44.
[48]仇性启,王宗明,王丽娟,等.气动旋流雾化原油喷嘴雾化特性的实验研究[J].石油机械.2001,29(2):5-7.
[49]周光坰,严宗毅.流体力学[M].高等教育出版社,2002,55-60.
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