港口泊位服务系统研究
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摘要
随着经济一体化、全球化趋势的发展和市场经济的不断完善,我国国民经济和对外贸易迅速增加,使港口业也进入快速增长期。在我国港口吞吐量迅速发展的同时,许多港口码头能力严重不足的矛盾也日渐突出,实际完成的吞吐量常常要大于码头的通过能力,码头处于超负荷运行状态。于此同时,我国很多港口的拥挤现象也越来越严重,导致船舶在港的非生产性停留时间很长。船舶在港停留时间是承运人和船方极为关切的,同时也是衡量港口服务水平的重要尺度,而泊位系统是影响船舶滞留的重要因素,装卸的快慢决定了码头对船舶服务时间的长短和泊位利用率的高低。摆在港口面前的重要问题是在现有的码头规模下,如何尽可能的提高泊位系统的服务质量,充分挖掘码头能力的潜力,以满足港口吞吐量增长的需求和减少船方在港停留时间,为自身赢得最具有竞争力的服务水平和服务内容。因此,本研究按照理论和实际情况相结合的研究方法,以科学的理论为指导,以港口实际数据为支撑,以实用性为目标,通过研究各种港口泊位系统的计算方法,正确分析影响港口泊位服务系统的各项的因素,对比泊位服务系统在新的因素组合下的服务质量,以指导港口的实际生产。
Along with the development of economic globalization and gradually optimizing of market economy, the national economy and external trade of our country develop very quickly, which makes port industry enter into a quick development term. While the port throughput gets growth, the deficiency of the port handling capacity has gradually been recognized, the actual throughput is often beyond the port handling capacity, which makes the port overload. At the same time, the crowding phenomenon in ports is also becoming increasingly serious, which leads to unnecessary nonproductive stay in port. The stay time of ship is always concerned by carriers and shipowners and, also is a very important scale to measure the level of services. The berth system is a crucial factor impacting the stay time of ship, meanwhile the speed of loading and unloading is one of the factors influencing the load time, the service time, and the utilization rate of berth. What we have to face right now is, under the existing size of ports, how to match the port throughput with the port handling capacity and reduce the nonproductive stay by improving the service quality of berth system and increasing the port capacity, then further to enhance their competitiveness. Therefore, basing on the scientific theories and actual data, this research is going to, through investigating the calculate methods of various berth systems, analyze the various factors influencing the berth systems as correctly as possible, compare the quality of service of berth systems under new combinations of different factors, and further provide a direction for practical production.
Along with the development of economic globalization and gradually optimizing of market economy, the national economy and external trade of our country develop very quickly, which makes port industry enter into a quick development term. While the port throughput gets growth, the deficiency of the port handling capacity has gradually been recognized, the actual throughput is often beyond the port handling capacity, which makes the port overload. At the same time, the crowding phenomenon in ports is also becoming increasingly serious, which leads to unnecessary nonproductive stay in port. The stay time of ship is always concerned by carriers and shipowners and, also is a very important scale to measure the level of services. The berth system is a crucial factor impacting the stay time of ship, meanwhile the speed of loading and unloading is one of the factors influencing the load time, the service time, and the utilization rate of berth. What we have to face right now is, under the existing size of ports, how to match the port throughput with the port handling capacity and reduce the nonproductive stay by improving the service quality of berth system and increasing the port capacity, then further to enhance their competitiveness. Therefore, basing on the scientific theories and actual data, this research is going to, through investigating the calculate methods of various berth systems, analyze the various factors influencing the berth systems as correctly as possible, compare the quality of service of berth systems under new combinations of different factors, and further provide a direction for practical production.
引文
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[9]刘翠莲,肖青.港口通过能力理论分析与生产力布局研究 大连海事大学学报 1996(2).
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[11]陆凤山.排队论及其应用.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1984.
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[13]E.Kozan.Comparison of analytical and simulation planning models of seaport container terminals[J].Transport anon Planning and Technology,1997.
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[15]张一诺.港口通用泊位最佳数量的计算方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1983(6).
[16]鲁子爱.排队论在港口规划中的应用.水运工程,1997(8).
[17]赵智邦,江印庭.用排队论推算港口最佳泊位数.水运工程,1982(2).
[18]宋德星.排队论在集装箱码头设计中的应用.水运工程,1995(2).
[19]鲁子爱,林民标.港口服务系统的计算机仿真研究.河海大学学报,1999(3).
[20]黄晓鸣,徐小义.排队论在港口规划设计中的应用.青岛大学学报江程技术版),1996(3).
[22]港口工程系统分析方法.北京:人民交通出版社,1991.
[23]黄文谊.计算机仿真技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990.
[24]王维平等.离散事件系统建模与仿真.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997.
[25]汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用.北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[26]黄柯棣等.系统仿真技术.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998.
[27]丁爱玲,滑思忠,尹如军.城市交通的计算机仿真设计.西安公路交通大学学报,2000(3).
[28]王正中.复杂系统仿真方法及应用.计算机仿真,2001(1).
[29]Pasquale Legato and Rina M.Mazza.Berth planning and resources optimization at a container terminal via discrete event simulation.Europe Journal of Operational Research,2001.
[30]彭旺明.武汉理工大学.机械设计及理论.基于eM-Plant的天津港集装箱码头物流系统建模与仿真.硕士学位论文.20040601.
[31]杨宏.上海海事大学.交通运输规划与管理.港口生产系统方案设计仿真研究.硕士学位论文.20060606.
[32]叶芬芳.广东外语外贸大学.企业管理.港口的规模扩建和成本优化模型及其计算机仿真.硕士学位论文.20070531.
[33]张丽君,候超惠,胡国强,李澜.现代港口物流[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005.
[34]张荣忠.德国集装箱港口扩建使能量大增[J].中国港口,2006.
[35]唐应辉,唐小我.排队论:基础与分析技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[36]张莉,霍佳震.集装箱港口货船装卸的集卡配置仿真分析,交通与计算机,2005.
[37]唐臣,宋向群,郭子坚.基于系统仿真的集装箱码头最优泊位数研究.第六届交通运输领域国际学术会议,2006.
[2]交通部.海港总平面设计规范(JTJZI-99).北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[3]E.D.Edmond and R.P.Maggs.How useful are queue models in port investment decisions for container berths[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,1978,29(8):741-750.
[4]S.N.Nicolaou.Berth planning by evaluation of congestion cost.Journal of Waterways habours,1967.
[5]工藤和男.A Practical Appoach to The Averge Waiting Time of M/G/S TYPe Queueing Models.港湾技术研究所报告,1972.
[6]Stephen R.C and Wanhill.Furthur Analysis of Optimium Size Seaport.Journal of Waterways Habours Coastal Engineering Division,1974.
[7]洪承礼.港口规划与布置(第二版).北京:人民交通出版社,1999.
[8]刘翠莲.港口通过能力模拟模型的研究 大连海事大学学报 1995(4).
[9]刘翠莲,肖青.港口通过能力理论分析与生产力布局研究 大连海事大学学报 1996(2).
[10]罗荣桂.排队模型及其应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990.
[11]陆凤山.排队论及其应用.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1984.
[12]Z.Radmilovic,V.Colic,Zlatkohrle.Some aspects of storage and bulk queuing system in transport operations[J].Transportation Planning and Technology,1996.
[13]E.Kozan.Comparison of analytical and simulation planning models of seaport container terminals[J].Transport anon Planning and Technology,1997.
[14]张滨海,石迈.关于确定港口泊位数的几种方法[J].水运工程,1981.
[15]张一诺.港口通用泊位最佳数量的计算方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1983(6).
[16]鲁子爱.排队论在港口规划中的应用.水运工程,1997(8).
[17]赵智邦,江印庭.用排队论推算港口最佳泊位数.水运工程,1982(2).
[18]宋德星.排队论在集装箱码头设计中的应用.水运工程,1995(2).
[19]鲁子爱,林民标.港口服务系统的计算机仿真研究.河海大学学报,1999(3).
[20]黄晓鸣,徐小义.排队论在港口规划设计中的应用.青岛大学学报江程技术版),1996(3).
[22]港口工程系统分析方法.北京:人民交通出版社,1991.
[23]黄文谊.计算机仿真技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990.
[24]王维平等.离散事件系统建模与仿真.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997.
[25]汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用.北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[26]黄柯棣等.系统仿真技术.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998.
[27]丁爱玲,滑思忠,尹如军.城市交通的计算机仿真设计.西安公路交通大学学报,2000(3).
[28]王正中.复杂系统仿真方法及应用.计算机仿真,2001(1).
[29]Pasquale Legato and Rina M.Mazza.Berth planning and resources optimization at a container terminal via discrete event simulation.Europe Journal of Operational Research,2001.
[30]彭旺明.武汉理工大学.机械设计及理论.基于eM-Plant的天津港集装箱码头物流系统建模与仿真.硕士学位论文.20040601.
[31]杨宏.上海海事大学.交通运输规划与管理.港口生产系统方案设计仿真研究.硕士学位论文.20060606.
[32]叶芬芳.广东外语外贸大学.企业管理.港口的规模扩建和成本优化模型及其计算机仿真.硕士学位论文.20070531.
[33]张丽君,候超惠,胡国强,李澜.现代港口物流[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005.
[34]张荣忠.德国集装箱港口扩建使能量大增[J].中国港口,2006.
[35]唐应辉,唐小我.排队论:基础与分析技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[36]张莉,霍佳震.集装箱港口货船装卸的集卡配置仿真分析,交通与计算机,2005.
[37]唐臣,宋向群,郭子坚.基于系统仿真的集装箱码头最优泊位数研究.第六届交通运输领域国际学术会议,2006.