油用亚麻杂种优势利用研究
摘要
利用亚麻温敏型雄性不育系1S做母本与12个来源不同的亚麻品种做父本配制了12个杂交组合,分析其F1代农艺性状、光合生理性状、产量性状及品质性状的超中亲优势、超高亲优势以及超对照优势和蒴果干物质积累动态,目的是研究油用亚麻种间杂交的杂种优势,为筛选高产、优质油用亚麻新组合和提高育种技术水平提供理论依据,取得的主要结论如下:
1、亚麻杂交种农艺性状和产量的杂种优势
亚麻杂交种产量的超标优势变幅为-0.76%～21.48%,平均超标优势为7.50%。单株产量具有较强的超标优势、超亲优势和超中优势,有效分茎数和每果粒数具有较强的超中优势,各性状的超标优势不显著。有效分茎数、有效分枝数和单株果数与单株产量极显著正相关,F1代产量性状受亲本影响较大。有效分茎数、有效分枝数和单株果数是影响产量性状的主要因子,是亚麻单株产量杂种优势的主要来源。
2、亚麻杂交种光合特性的杂种优势
对F1代和及其亲本在不同发育时期的叶绿素含量和净光合速率的杂种优势以及它们与经济性状优势的相关性进行了分析,结果表明,亚麻杂交种F1代的叶绿素含量组合间差异显著。在现蕾期、盛花期和青果期,叶绿素含量表现出不同程度的杂种优势;净光合速率在现蕾期优势较强,在盛花期和青果期净光合速率的优势较弱。青果期的叶绿素含量与千粒重优势显著相关。净光合速率与经济性状优势的相关性不显著。在整个生育期,净光合速率与叶绿素含量负相关。
3、亚麻杂交种主要品质性状的杂种优势及其相关性分析
利用Perten公司DA7200型近红外透射光谱分析仪,对亚麻杂交种的品质性状进行测定,分析了8个主要品质性状的杂种优势及优势值间的相关。结果表明,油酸含量的杂种优势最高,其次是含油率,硬脂酸、亚麻酸和木酚素含量的呈现负的杂种优势。各性状不同组合的杂种优势存在着较大变异,油酸含量的超亲优势与含油率的超亲优势显著相关,与亚油酸和亚麻酸含量的超亲优势极显著正相关,说明在杂交亚麻亲本选配中,提高油酸含量的超亲优势,有利于含油率的提高。千粒重的超亲优势与含油率、棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸和油酸含量的超亲优势正相关,千粒重的超亲优势与亚麻酸含量和木酚素含量的超亲优势显著负相关,因此为了提高含油率的超中优势,可以通过提高千粒重的超中优势来实现。
4、亚麻杂交种干物质积累分析
蒴果干物质积累的变化呈现“快-稳定-快”的变化曲线,干物质积累的超中优势大于超亲优势,大于超标优势。以开花后天数(t)为自变量,千粒重(Y)为因变量,用Logistic模型进行数据模拟千粒重积累,适合度非常好,F测验均达极显著或显著水平,其灌浆过程遵循“前慢-中快-后慢”的S型曲线生长规律。
Using thermo-sensitivity male-sterile line 1S in Flax as female parents and twelve flax cultivars as male parents,crosses to analyze mid-parent heterosis, overparent heterosis and competitive heterosis of agronomic traits, physiological traits, yield traits, and quality traits in different type oil flax hybrid offspring,s. The purpose is to study interspecific heterosis of oil flax, and in order to provide the oretical basis for riddling new oil flax breed which has high yield and high quality and improving level of breeding techniques. The main results are as follows:
1 The heterosis in yield and agronomic traits of different hybrid flax
The competitive heterosis range of hybrid flax is -0.76%～21.48%,average competitive heterosis is 7.50%. Yield per plant have competitive heterosis, overparent heterosis and mid-parent heterosis. Effective stems and seeds per boll have mid-parent heterosis, competitive heterosis of all traits was not significantly. Bolls per plant was significantly correlated with effective stems, effective branches and bolls per plant at 0.01 levels, The most of characters were affected by their parents at different leve1. The main factors influencing yield are effective stems ,effective branches and bolls per plant, which is main resource of flax yield per plant heterosis.
2 The heterosis in photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid flax
analyzing the heterosis of net photosynthetic rat and chlorophyll contents ,correlation of economic characters heterosis and net photosynthetic rat and chlorophyll contents in F1 hybrid flax and their parents. The results showed that heterosis of chlorophyll contents was significantly, and F1 had different heterosis in budding stage, full flowering stage and fruiting stage. Net photosynthetic rat have positive heterosis in budding stage, but net photosynthetic rat have negative heterosis in full flowering stage and fruiting stage. Chlorophyll contents in fruiting stage was significantly correlated with 1000-seed weight at 0.01 levels, net photosynthetic rat in all mature stages were significant negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents.
3 Analysis of heterosis and its correlation in quality characters of hybrid flax
8 main quality characters in hybrid flax were analyzed by using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analyzer, which was made by Perten company showed that the heterosis of oleic acid was the highest,second by fat content.The heterosis of stearic acid, linolenic acid and lignan were negative value,and the heterosis of all characters had a large range of variability among crosses. The correlation between the HB of oleic acid and the HB of fat content was significantly positive, The high oleic acid parents should be selected in breeding program, HB of fat content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid were significantly correlated with HB of 1000-seed weight at 0.01 levels, HB of 1000-seed weight was significant negatively correlated with HB of linolenic acid and lignans.
4 The heterosis in capsule dry matter accumulation of hybrid flax
Capsule dry matter accumulation in hybrid flax were analyzed,the result indicated that the dry matter accumulation of F1 with quick- stabile- quick trend; F1 capsule dry matter accumulation displays obvious heterosis.1000-seed weight accumulation with“S’’growth curve of“slow—fast—slow”,which could be simulated by Logistic equation.
1、亚麻杂交种农艺性状和产量的杂种优势
亚麻杂交种产量的超标优势变幅为-0.76%～21.48%,平均超标优势为7.50%。单株产量具有较强的超标优势、超亲优势和超中优势,有效分茎数和每果粒数具有较强的超中优势,各性状的超标优势不显著。有效分茎数、有效分枝数和单株果数与单株产量极显著正相关,F1代产量性状受亲本影响较大。有效分茎数、有效分枝数和单株果数是影响产量性状的主要因子,是亚麻单株产量杂种优势的主要来源。
2、亚麻杂交种光合特性的杂种优势
对F1代和及其亲本在不同发育时期的叶绿素含量和净光合速率的杂种优势以及它们与经济性状优势的相关性进行了分析,结果表明,亚麻杂交种F1代的叶绿素含量组合间差异显著。在现蕾期、盛花期和青果期,叶绿素含量表现出不同程度的杂种优势;净光合速率在现蕾期优势较强,在盛花期和青果期净光合速率的优势较弱。青果期的叶绿素含量与千粒重优势显著相关。净光合速率与经济性状优势的相关性不显著。在整个生育期,净光合速率与叶绿素含量负相关。
3、亚麻杂交种主要品质性状的杂种优势及其相关性分析
利用Perten公司DA7200型近红外透射光谱分析仪,对亚麻杂交种的品质性状进行测定,分析了8个主要品质性状的杂种优势及优势值间的相关。结果表明,油酸含量的杂种优势最高,其次是含油率,硬脂酸、亚麻酸和木酚素含量的呈现负的杂种优势。各性状不同组合的杂种优势存在着较大变异,油酸含量的超亲优势与含油率的超亲优势显著相关,与亚油酸和亚麻酸含量的超亲优势极显著正相关,说明在杂交亚麻亲本选配中,提高油酸含量的超亲优势,有利于含油率的提高。千粒重的超亲优势与含油率、棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸和油酸含量的超亲优势正相关,千粒重的超亲优势与亚麻酸含量和木酚素含量的超亲优势显著负相关,因此为了提高含油率的超中优势,可以通过提高千粒重的超中优势来实现。
4、亚麻杂交种干物质积累分析
蒴果干物质积累的变化呈现“快-稳定-快”的变化曲线,干物质积累的超中优势大于超亲优势,大于超标优势。以开花后天数(t)为自变量,千粒重(Y)为因变量,用Logistic模型进行数据模拟千粒重积累,适合度非常好,F测验均达极显著或显著水平,其灌浆过程遵循“前慢-中快-后慢”的S型曲线生长规律。
Using thermo-sensitivity male-sterile line 1S in Flax as female parents and twelve flax cultivars as male parents,crosses to analyze mid-parent heterosis, overparent heterosis and competitive heterosis of agronomic traits, physiological traits, yield traits, and quality traits in different type oil flax hybrid offspring,s. The purpose is to study interspecific heterosis of oil flax, and in order to provide the oretical basis for riddling new oil flax breed which has high yield and high quality and improving level of breeding techniques. The main results are as follows:
1 The heterosis in yield and agronomic traits of different hybrid flax
The competitive heterosis range of hybrid flax is -0.76%～21.48%,average competitive heterosis is 7.50%. Yield per plant have competitive heterosis, overparent heterosis and mid-parent heterosis. Effective stems and seeds per boll have mid-parent heterosis, competitive heterosis of all traits was not significantly. Bolls per plant was significantly correlated with effective stems, effective branches and bolls per plant at 0.01 levels, The most of characters were affected by their parents at different leve1. The main factors influencing yield are effective stems ,effective branches and bolls per plant, which is main resource of flax yield per plant heterosis.
2 The heterosis in photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid flax
analyzing the heterosis of net photosynthetic rat and chlorophyll contents ,correlation of economic characters heterosis and net photosynthetic rat and chlorophyll contents in F1 hybrid flax and their parents. The results showed that heterosis of chlorophyll contents was significantly, and F1 had different heterosis in budding stage, full flowering stage and fruiting stage. Net photosynthetic rat have positive heterosis in budding stage, but net photosynthetic rat have negative heterosis in full flowering stage and fruiting stage. Chlorophyll contents in fruiting stage was significantly correlated with 1000-seed weight at 0.01 levels, net photosynthetic rat in all mature stages were significant negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents.
3 Analysis of heterosis and its correlation in quality characters of hybrid flax
8 main quality characters in hybrid flax were analyzed by using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analyzer, which was made by Perten company showed that the heterosis of oleic acid was the highest,second by fat content.The heterosis of stearic acid, linolenic acid and lignan were negative value,and the heterosis of all characters had a large range of variability among crosses. The correlation between the HB of oleic acid and the HB of fat content was significantly positive, The high oleic acid parents should be selected in breeding program, HB of fat content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid were significantly correlated with HB of 1000-seed weight at 0.01 levels, HB of 1000-seed weight was significant negatively correlated with HB of linolenic acid and lignans.
4 The heterosis in capsule dry matter accumulation of hybrid flax
Capsule dry matter accumulation in hybrid flax were analyzed,the result indicated that the dry matter accumulation of F1 with quick- stabile- quick trend; F1 capsule dry matter accumulation displays obvious heterosis.1000-seed weight accumulation with“S’’growth curve of“slow—fast—slow”,which could be simulated by Logistic equation.
引文
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