基于优化控制系统的OPC服务器软件开发
摘要
OPC(OLE for Process Control,用于过程控制的对象链接和嵌入)是基于Microsoft的OLE(Object Linking and Embedding,对象链接和嵌入)/COM(Component Object Model,组件对象模型)技术,为解决工业客户机与各种设备驱动程序间通讯而产生的一项工业技术规范和标准。OPC技术规范是OPC基金会制定的,它提供了统一的数据访问软硬件接口。由于OPC技术比传统数据存取方式(驱动程序法和动态数据交换法)更具开放性和先进性,已经得到越来越多的工控领域硬件和软件制造商的承认和支持,实际上已成为工业控制软件公认的标准。
本文首先分析了OPC技术产生的背景、发展历史和国内外研究状况;其次,分析了优化控制系统在线实时优化、先进控制、软测量、模型仿真、异常预报等功能对实时共享数据库---OPC服务器的需求;接着重点分析了OPC应用程序设计的理论基础和设计方法,给出了OPC服务器的功能设计和软件开发的关键技术。并以Visual C++ 6.0为开发平台,基于OPC提供的统一接口标准,采用OPC数据存取2.05规范设计,开发了OPCDA服务器软件;此外,还分析了进程间共享内存的设计与实现问题,采用内存映射文件技术建立一段共享内存,解决了优化控制模块之间内存分配如何达最小化问题。结合优化控制软件的要求,给出了OPC服务器标签的设计。最后,以SUPCON DCS的A3000过程控制系统为背景,将OPC服务器成功地应用到优化控制软件中。
采用OPC服务器作为优化控制软件系统的实时共享数据库,简化了系统的复杂性,提高软件运行的可靠性和稳定性,实现了各个优化控制模块之间的数据交换规范化,具有开放性和易于与其他系统进行互操作性等优点。初步应用结果证明了本文的OPC服务器设计及其软件开发的有效性。
OPC (OLE for Process Control) is based on Microsoft’s OLE (object linking and embedding)/COM (Component Object Model) technologies, which is an industry specification and standard that is set up to settle the communication problem between industry client computer and various equipment drivers. OPC technology specification is established by OPC foundation, which provides unified data accessing standard interface of software and hardware. Because it has more advancement and opening than traditional data access method, such as driver and DDE (Data Dynamic Exchange), OPC has been accepted and supported by more and more software and hardware manufacturers, and has become an acknowledged standard in industry control field.
Firstly, the origin background, development history and current research of OPC technique are analyzed. Secondly, the paper gives the demand of real-time shared database---OPC server of the function of optimal control system which contains on-line real-time optimization, advanced process control, soft sensor, model simulation and abnormity prediction, etc. Thirdly, the theoretical foundation and the design method of OPC application are analyzed, and the function design of OPC server and the key technique of software development are given. Fourthly, using OPC Data Access Automation Interface Standard 2.05, the OPC Data Access Server is developed based on Visual C++ 6.0. Moreover, the shared memory between processes is designed and implemented. A section of shared memory on OPCDA server is built by the technology of memory mapping file, which has solved the problem of minimization of memory allocation in optimal control software. The paper also presents the design of OPC server label based on the demand of optimal control. Lastly, the OPC server is applied successfully into the optimal control software for the A3000 plant and SUPCON DCS.
Using OPC server as real-time shared database of optimal control software system, it simplifies the optimal control system, improves the reliability and stability of software, achieves standard of data exchange among each module of optimal control software and realizes the opening of optimal control software and the interoperability with other systems. The preliminary application result shows the validity of software design and development of OPC server.
本文首先分析了OPC技术产生的背景、发展历史和国内外研究状况;其次,分析了优化控制系统在线实时优化、先进控制、软测量、模型仿真、异常预报等功能对实时共享数据库---OPC服务器的需求;接着重点分析了OPC应用程序设计的理论基础和设计方法,给出了OPC服务器的功能设计和软件开发的关键技术。并以Visual C++ 6.0为开发平台,基于OPC提供的统一接口标准,采用OPC数据存取2.05规范设计,开发了OPCDA服务器软件;此外,还分析了进程间共享内存的设计与实现问题,采用内存映射文件技术建立一段共享内存,解决了优化控制模块之间内存分配如何达最小化问题。结合优化控制软件的要求,给出了OPC服务器标签的设计。最后,以SUPCON DCS的A3000过程控制系统为背景,将OPC服务器成功地应用到优化控制软件中。
采用OPC服务器作为优化控制软件系统的实时共享数据库,简化了系统的复杂性,提高软件运行的可靠性和稳定性,实现了各个优化控制模块之间的数据交换规范化,具有开放性和易于与其他系统进行互操作性等优点。初步应用结果证明了本文的OPC服务器设计及其软件开发的有效性。
OPC (OLE for Process Control) is based on Microsoft’s OLE (object linking and embedding)/COM (Component Object Model) technologies, which is an industry specification and standard that is set up to settle the communication problem between industry client computer and various equipment drivers. OPC technology specification is established by OPC foundation, which provides unified data accessing standard interface of software and hardware. Because it has more advancement and opening than traditional data access method, such as driver and DDE (Data Dynamic Exchange), OPC has been accepted and supported by more and more software and hardware manufacturers, and has become an acknowledged standard in industry control field.
Firstly, the origin background, development history and current research of OPC technique are analyzed. Secondly, the paper gives the demand of real-time shared database---OPC server of the function of optimal control system which contains on-line real-time optimization, advanced process control, soft sensor, model simulation and abnormity prediction, etc. Thirdly, the theoretical foundation and the design method of OPC application are analyzed, and the function design of OPC server and the key technique of software development are given. Fourthly, using OPC Data Access Automation Interface Standard 2.05, the OPC Data Access Server is developed based on Visual C++ 6.0. Moreover, the shared memory between processes is designed and implemented. A section of shared memory on OPCDA server is built by the technology of memory mapping file, which has solved the problem of minimization of memory allocation in optimal control software. The paper also presents the design of OPC server label based on the demand of optimal control. Lastly, the OPC server is applied successfully into the optimal control software for the A3000 plant and SUPCON DCS.
Using OPC server as real-time shared database of optimal control software system, it simplifies the optimal control system, improves the reliability and stability of software, achieves standard of data exchange among each module of optimal control software and realizes the opening of optimal control software and the interoperability with other systems. The preliminary application result shows the validity of software design and development of OPC server.
引文
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[39]李春葆.数据结构教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1
[40]王宇红.基于SUPCON DCS的A3000过程控制系统[M].东营:中国石油大学信控学院自动化系,2006.11
[2]王德康,苏宏业,褚健.基于OPC技术的先进控制软件设计与研究[J].化工自动化及仪表,2000,27(4):27～30
[3] OPC国际基金会.OPC技术综述[J].北京:2001.1
[4]谭彰.OPC产品和应用实例简介[EB/DK].中国促进委员会,2005
[5]王红爱,庞彦斌,龚飞.现代控制系统信息集成与OPC服务器的开发[J].微计算机信息,2004,Vol.20(2)
[6]郭红,晓莫德举.OPC技术及其软件的开发[J].北京化工大学学报,2002,Vol.29(3):71-73
[7]徐国君,李成利.基于OPC技术的DCS系统数据实时集成方法[J].青岛科技大学学报,2003,Vol.24(9):120-121
[8]柴凯,侯立刚,姜军银, OPC技术在工业过程控制中的应用研究[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2005年第3期
[9]林跃,张彦武.OPC技术及其在工控组态软件中的应用[J].基础自动化.2001,Vol.8(2)
[10]张烈平,吴名欢,周德俭.基于COM的OPC技术及其应用程序的开发[J].桂林工学院学报,2004,Vol.24(3):256-259
[11]郑立译.OPC应用程序入门[M].北京:日本OPC协会供稿,2002
[12]姚娅川,贾金玲.OPC技术的应用[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003年第8期
[13]郑明惠.基于OPC技术的监控系统设计应用[J].电脑开发与应用.2005,Vol.18(10)
[14]宋丽红,李二勇译.COM+编程指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[15]潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.4
[16]流云,孔雷译.COM/DCOM编程指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[17] OPC技术应用简析[EB/OL].自动化网论坛.2005.9
[18]蔡翔云,郑小虎,姜麟荆. OPC规范及开发应用[J].昆明理工大学学报,2002,Vol.27(3)
[19] OPC Foundation. OPC Overview Definitions and Interfaces 1.0[S],1998.10
[20] OPC Foundation.OPC Foundation Data Access Custom Interface Standard Specification 1.0[S],1999.2
[21] OPC Foundation. OPC Alarms and Events 1.02[S],1999.11
[22] OPC Foundation.OPC Historical Data Access Custom Interface Specification 1.1[S],2001.1
[23] OPC Foundation. OPC Historical Data Access Automation Specification 1.0[S],2001.1.26
[24]高翔,张秋生,袁晓鹏.基于OPC接口访问过程控制的实现[J].燃料与化工,2006,Vol.37(1)
[25]邢建春,王平等.工业控制软件互操作标准OPC综述[J].工业控制计算机,2001,Vol.13(1)
[26]司纪刚.OPCDA服务器与客户程序开发指南[M].南京:2005.5
[27]李蕾,戴瑜兴.OPC数据存取服务器的实现[J].湖南工程学院学报,2005,Vol.15(2)
[28]李蕾,戴瑜兴.COM技术在OPC服务器中的应用及实现[J].控制工程,2005.5,Vol.12(3)
[29]薄迎春,王树斌,魏玉平.基于OPC技术的先进控制软件的集成[J].工业控制计算机,2005,Vol.18(2):43-44
[30]朱耀春,陆会明,张永庆.OPC数据服务器的开发与测试(Ⅰ)[J].现代电力,2003,Vol.20(6)
[31]林跃.OPC数据服务器开发工具研究与实现[J].自动化仪表,2001,Vol.22(9):7-13
[32]樊华.Visual C++中利用内存映射文件在进程之间共享数据[J].软件技术详述,2005
[33] OPC Foundation.OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Specification 2.05[S],2002.6
[34] OPC Foundation. Data Access Automation Interface Standard Specification 2.02[S],1999.2.4
[35] OPC Foundation.OPC Common Definitions and Interface Version 1.0[S],1998.10
[36]孙鑫,余安萍编著.VC++深入详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.6
[37]张中军,张忠英.在VC++6.0下利用共享内存、消息实现内部进程通讯[J].电脑编程与维护,2004.5
[38]郭改文.进程同步的实现机制[J].河南教育学院学报,2004,Vol.13(3).
[39]李春葆.数据结构教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1
[40]王宇红.基于SUPCON DCS的A3000过程控制系统[M].东营:中国石油大学信控学院自动化系,2006.11