孔井工广井筒变形监测实施及规律分析
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摘要
李嘴孜煤矿计划逐步回采原孔井工广保护煤柱,工广井筒处于急倾斜地层且未完全填实。鉴于目前这种复杂地质采矿条件下的井筒受采矿产生的移动变形特征还未完全掌握,为保证煤柱的安全回采,建立以监测井筒地表为主,监测工广地表移动为辅,综合采用GPS静态技术、CORS技术以及高精度几何水准测量技术等观测方法的三维地表移动变形监测系统,总结其受采动影响的移动变形特征,为进一步的回采提供参考依据。
本文以孔井工广井筒的变形监测系统为主,根据孔井工广的实际情况,介绍了井筒地表移动变形监测系统的布设、观测方案的实施以及监测数据的处理。并结合孔井工广地质采矿条件,对井筒区域地表各期监测结果的水平移动和沉降变形以及最终的移动变形规律做了分析和探讨。
分析结果发现,回采工作面位置的移动直接决定着井筒地表移动变形的规律和趋势。同一期内,各监测点的移动方向相似,基本指向回采面方向；并随着工作面的移动,各期移动方向不一样。总体来看,井筒区域地表的移动变形方向基本相同,指向采空区方向。
随着水平位移方向随工作面位置不断旋转,而下沉方向不变,位移矢量的变化必然会导致井筒充填段及其周围的岩层产生扭曲变形,威胁着矿井的安全生产。
Lizuizi Coal Mining has planned to recover the protecting coal column of Kongjing industrial square,and the shafts aren't filled compeletely.In view of the shafts'movement and deformation characteristics by mining in this complex geological and mining condition haven't been fully grasped,to insure the safety of recovering the protecting coal column,we built a3D deformation monitoring system to monitor the surface of shafts mainly and industrial square secondarily,use GPS static positioning technique,CORS and high-precision geometric levelling,then summarize the movement and deformation characteristics influenced by mining,give reference for further recovery.
Based on the actual situation of Kongjing industrial square,this paper explains the layout of shaft surface movement and derformation monitoring sysytem, implementation of surveying and monitoring data processing.Combining with the geologic and mining factors of Kongjing,the horizontal movement and settlement and settlement derformation of every monitoring result and the final movement and deformation regularity are analyzed and discussed.
The results show that the location of working face determines the patterns and trends of movement and deformation directly.In the same time,the moving direction of each monitoring point is similar, basically point to the coal face,but it is different in different periods as the moving of working face.Overall,the direction of the movement and deformation of shafts region surface is basically the same.
With the constant rotation of the direction of horizontal movement and unchanging of shattlement direction,the filled parts of shafts and surrounding rock appeare distortion,mainly sttributed to the rotation of displacement vector,the safety of mine is under threat.
本文以孔井工广井筒的变形监测系统为主,根据孔井工广的实际情况,介绍了井筒地表移动变形监测系统的布设、观测方案的实施以及监测数据的处理。并结合孔井工广地质采矿条件,对井筒区域地表各期监测结果的水平移动和沉降变形以及最终的移动变形规律做了分析和探讨。
分析结果发现,回采工作面位置的移动直接决定着井筒地表移动变形的规律和趋势。同一期内,各监测点的移动方向相似,基本指向回采面方向；并随着工作面的移动,各期移动方向不一样。总体来看,井筒区域地表的移动变形方向基本相同,指向采空区方向。
随着水平位移方向随工作面位置不断旋转,而下沉方向不变,位移矢量的变化必然会导致井筒充填段及其周围的岩层产生扭曲变形,威胁着矿井的安全生产。
Lizuizi Coal Mining has planned to recover the protecting coal column of Kongjing industrial square,and the shafts aren't filled compeletely.In view of the shafts'movement and deformation characteristics by mining in this complex geological and mining condition haven't been fully grasped,to insure the safety of recovering the protecting coal column,we built a3D deformation monitoring system to monitor the surface of shafts mainly and industrial square secondarily,use GPS static positioning technique,CORS and high-precision geometric levelling,then summarize the movement and deformation characteristics influenced by mining,give reference for further recovery.
Based on the actual situation of Kongjing industrial square,this paper explains the layout of shaft surface movement and derformation monitoring sysytem, implementation of surveying and monitoring data processing.Combining with the geologic and mining factors of Kongjing,the horizontal movement and settlement and settlement derformation of every monitoring result and the final movement and deformation regularity are analyzed and discussed.
The results show that the location of working face determines the patterns and trends of movement and deformation directly.In the same time,the moving direction of each monitoring point is similar, basically point to the coal face,but it is different in different periods as the moving of working face.Overall,the direction of the movement and deformation of shafts region surface is basically the same.
With the constant rotation of the direction of horizontal movement and unchanging of shattlement direction,the filled parts of shafts and surrounding rock appeare distortion,mainly sttributed to the rotation of displacement vector,the safety of mine is under threat.
引文
[1]何国清,杨伦等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[2]吕泰和.井筒与工业广场煤柱开采[M].煤炭工业出版社,1990
[3]黄声享,尹晖,蒋征.变形监测数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2010
[4]陈芳.煤矿工业广场地表移动变形监测分析与预测——以祁东矿为例[D].淮南：安徽理工大学,2005
[5]徐绍铨,张华海,杨志强,王泽民.GPS原理及应用[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2008
[6]王晓华,胡友健,柏柳.变形监测研究现状综述[J].测绘科学,2006,31(2)：130-132
[7]邱卫宁,陶本藻,姚宜斌等.测量数据处理理论与方法[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2008
[8]何秀凤.变形监测新方法及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2007
[9]贺林.乌鲁木齐矿区急倾斜煤层开采地表移动变形规律研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2008
[10]王芝峰,叶维楚,闫勇.煤矿井筒变形监测技术研究[J].煤矿现代化,2011,(2)：45-46
[11]夏欢阁.工业广场煤柱开采地表移动变形规律研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(1)：48-51
[12]柏威伟,陈从新,肖国锋,黄平路.程潮铁矿东区地表及井筒变形监测分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2011,32(2)：1-15
[13]房华光,姜岩,崔广刚,张晓刚.井筒变形监测方法与数据处理[J].矿山测量,2010,(5)：48-54
[14]宋霜霜.卧龙湖煤矿主副井井架基础沉降监测研究[D].淮南：安徽理工大学,2009
[15]Sheorey P R,Loui J P,Singh K B,et al. Ground subsidence observations and a modified influence function method for com Plete subsidence Prediction[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37:801-818
[16]赵兴旺,余学祥.GPS-RTK技术在地表移动中的应用探讨[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(9)：104-106
[17]高井祥,郑南山,余学祥.GPS技术在矿区井筒变形监测中的应用[J].全球定位系统,2001,26(4)：45-49
[18]龙仁波,高井祥.顾及基准点位移的高崩溃污染率坐标转换模型研究[J].测绘通报,2011,(5)：59-61
[19]梁洪宝,吴向阳.起算点坐标偏差对GPS基线解的影响分析研究[J].测绘科学,2009,34：33-34
[20]张子杰,张晖,高淑荣.平稳自回归模型的系数估计与应用[J].武汉理工大学学 报,2009,31(15)：135-137
[21]余学祥,徐绍铨,吕伟才.GPS变形监测数据处理自动化——似单差法的理论与方法[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2004
[22]余学祥,张华海,高井祥等.GPS监测网数据处理软件包的研制[J].矿山测量,2003,(2)：11-14
[23]余学祥等Kalman滤波在GPS监测网中的应用.工程勘察,2000,(4)：33-35
[24]LU Wei-cai,XU Shao-quan. Theory and Practice of the SSDM for GPS Deformation Monitoring[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2006,16(2):156-161
[25]余学祥,吕伟才.基于标准化残差的相关观测抗差估计模型[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1999,24(1)：75-78.
[26]余学祥,吕伟才.GPS网空间无约束平差的抗差解法[J].勘察科学技术,997,(4)：43-47
[27]陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析[M].武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000
[28]国家煤炭工业局.《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》[S].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000
[29]张荣亮,刘德选,左红飞,袁力.开采工广煤柱对井筒破坏规律分析[J].煤炭科技,2002,(1)：5-7
[30]煤炭科学研究所北京开采所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1981
[31]陈涛.安全监测基准网粗差剔除与稳定性分析的实现[D].南京信息工程大学,2011
[32]王金庄.开采沉陷若干理论与技术问题研究[J].矿山测量,2003,(3)：1-5
[33]吴侃,周鸣.矿区沉陷预测预报系统[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1999
[34]邹友峰,邓喀中,马伟民.矿山开采沉陷工程[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[35]栾元重,李静涛.井筒变形预测与治理[J].金属矿山,2009,(2)：110-130
[36]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998
[37]戴华阳,王金庄.急倾斜煤层开采沉陷[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2005
[38]杨星,赵晓冬AutoCAD2004二次开发(VB版)及在海工模型试验数据处理中的应用[M].北京：海洋出版社,2005
[39]易四海,腾永梅,柏玉,郭轲轶.立井井筒采动变形机理与防护技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2011,(9)：72-74
[40]郝传才.变形监测网点稳定性分析的若干问题研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2003
[41]Salamon,M.D G and Munro A H.A. Study of the strength of coal pillars[J]. J.S.Afr.Inst.Min.Metall,1967,68:55-67
[42]Wang Yongjia. Bounday Element Method for Viscoelastic Problem in Rock Mechanics[M]. Jilin:Press of Northeast Univ. Of Tech.1986
[43]Dai Huayang,Wang Jinzhuang,Cai Meifeng,Wu Lixin,Guo Zengzhang. Seam dip angle based mining subsidence model and its application[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science,June 2002,39(1):115-123
[44]Dai Huayang,Wang Jinzhuang, Wu Lixin. Numeric analysis on influenced factors of discontinuous surface deformation due to steeply-inclined seam mining[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China),Dec.1999,5(2):20-24
[45]Loves J W,Teskey W F,Lachapelle G,etal. Dynamic Deformation Monitoring of a Tall Structure Using GPS Technology[J]. Journal of Surveying Engineering,1995,121(1):35-40
[46]Thorne. Reducing rock falls during mine resuce[J]. USA.Mining Engineering(Colorado). 1996(48):15-18
[47]Dai Huayang,Wang Jinzhuang,Cai Meifeng,Wu Lixin,Guo Zengzhang. Seam dip angle based mining subsidence model and its application[J].2002,39(1):115-123
[48]Sheng-jun Miao,Xing-ping Lai,Xing-guang Zhao,Fen-hua Ren. Simulation experiment of AE-based localization damage and deformation characteristic on covering rock in mined-out area[J]. International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2009,16(3):255-260
[2]吕泰和.井筒与工业广场煤柱开采[M].煤炭工业出版社,1990
[3]黄声享,尹晖,蒋征.变形监测数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2010
[4]陈芳.煤矿工业广场地表移动变形监测分析与预测——以祁东矿为例[D].淮南：安徽理工大学,2005
[5]徐绍铨,张华海,杨志强,王泽民.GPS原理及应用[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2008
[6]王晓华,胡友健,柏柳.变形监测研究现状综述[J].测绘科学,2006,31(2)：130-132
[7]邱卫宁,陶本藻,姚宜斌等.测量数据处理理论与方法[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2008
[8]何秀凤.变形监测新方法及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2007
[9]贺林.乌鲁木齐矿区急倾斜煤层开采地表移动变形规律研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2008
[10]王芝峰,叶维楚,闫勇.煤矿井筒变形监测技术研究[J].煤矿现代化,2011,(2)：45-46
[11]夏欢阁.工业广场煤柱开采地表移动变形规律研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(1)：48-51
[12]柏威伟,陈从新,肖国锋,黄平路.程潮铁矿东区地表及井筒变形监测分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2011,32(2)：1-15
[13]房华光,姜岩,崔广刚,张晓刚.井筒变形监测方法与数据处理[J].矿山测量,2010,(5)：48-54
[14]宋霜霜.卧龙湖煤矿主副井井架基础沉降监测研究[D].淮南：安徽理工大学,2009
[15]Sheorey P R,Loui J P,Singh K B,et al. Ground subsidence observations and a modified influence function method for com Plete subsidence Prediction[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37:801-818
[16]赵兴旺,余学祥.GPS-RTK技术在地表移动中的应用探讨[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(9)：104-106
[17]高井祥,郑南山,余学祥.GPS技术在矿区井筒变形监测中的应用[J].全球定位系统,2001,26(4)：45-49
[18]龙仁波,高井祥.顾及基准点位移的高崩溃污染率坐标转换模型研究[J].测绘通报,2011,(5)：59-61
[19]梁洪宝,吴向阳.起算点坐标偏差对GPS基线解的影响分析研究[J].测绘科学,2009,34：33-34
[20]张子杰,张晖,高淑荣.平稳自回归模型的系数估计与应用[J].武汉理工大学学 报,2009,31(15)：135-137
[21]余学祥,徐绍铨,吕伟才.GPS变形监测数据处理自动化——似单差法的理论与方法[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2004
[22]余学祥,张华海,高井祥等.GPS监测网数据处理软件包的研制[J].矿山测量,2003,(2)：11-14
[23]余学祥等Kalman滤波在GPS监测网中的应用.工程勘察,2000,(4)：33-35
[24]LU Wei-cai,XU Shao-quan. Theory and Practice of the SSDM for GPS Deformation Monitoring[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2006,16(2):156-161
[25]余学祥,吕伟才.基于标准化残差的相关观测抗差估计模型[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1999,24(1)：75-78.
[26]余学祥,吕伟才.GPS网空间无约束平差的抗差解法[J].勘察科学技术,997,(4)：43-47
[27]陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析[M].武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000
[28]国家煤炭工业局.《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》[S].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000
[29]张荣亮,刘德选,左红飞,袁力.开采工广煤柱对井筒破坏规律分析[J].煤炭科技,2002,(1)：5-7
[30]煤炭科学研究所北京开采所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1981
[31]陈涛.安全监测基准网粗差剔除与稳定性分析的实现[D].南京信息工程大学,2011
[32]王金庄.开采沉陷若干理论与技术问题研究[J].矿山测量,2003,(3)：1-5
[33]吴侃,周鸣.矿区沉陷预测预报系统[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1999
[34]邹友峰,邓喀中,马伟民.矿山开采沉陷工程[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[35]栾元重,李静涛.井筒变形预测与治理[J].金属矿山,2009,(2)：110-130
[36]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998
[37]戴华阳,王金庄.急倾斜煤层开采沉陷[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2005
[38]杨星,赵晓冬AutoCAD2004二次开发(VB版)及在海工模型试验数据处理中的应用[M].北京：海洋出版社,2005
[39]易四海,腾永梅,柏玉,郭轲轶.立井井筒采动变形机理与防护技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2011,(9)：72-74
[40]郝传才.变形监测网点稳定性分析的若干问题研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2003
[41]Salamon,M.D G and Munro A H.A. Study of the strength of coal pillars[J]. J.S.Afr.Inst.Min.Metall,1967,68:55-67
[42]Wang Yongjia. Bounday Element Method for Viscoelastic Problem in Rock Mechanics[M]. Jilin:Press of Northeast Univ. Of Tech.1986
[43]Dai Huayang,Wang Jinzhuang,Cai Meifeng,Wu Lixin,Guo Zengzhang. Seam dip angle based mining subsidence model and its application[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science,June 2002,39(1):115-123
[44]Dai Huayang,Wang Jinzhuang, Wu Lixin. Numeric analysis on influenced factors of discontinuous surface deformation due to steeply-inclined seam mining[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China),Dec.1999,5(2):20-24
[45]Loves J W,Teskey W F,Lachapelle G,etal. Dynamic Deformation Monitoring of a Tall Structure Using GPS Technology[J]. Journal of Surveying Engineering,1995,121(1):35-40
[46]Thorne. Reducing rock falls during mine resuce[J]. USA.Mining Engineering(Colorado). 1996(48):15-18
[47]Dai Huayang,Wang Jinzhuang,Cai Meifeng,Wu Lixin,Guo Zengzhang. Seam dip angle based mining subsidence model and its application[J].2002,39(1):115-123
[48]Sheng-jun Miao,Xing-ping Lai,Xing-guang Zhao,Fen-hua Ren. Simulation experiment of AE-based localization damage and deformation characteristic on covering rock in mined-out area[J]. International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2009,16(3):255-260