基于CORS系统精密定位服务若干技术问题研究
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摘要
连续运行CORS综合服务系统既可向测绘部门提供连续、高精度的空间定位基准,也可为授时、导航以及灾害监测等提供连续而完备的实时GPS监测数据,同时为诸如交通管理、城市建设、地震预报等诸多部门提供实时、可靠、高效的空间信息服务。近年来,随着CORS综合服务系统定位理论的不断完善和实际应用的广泛推广,我国的CORS综合服务网建设进入了一个高速发展时期,国家级和区域级CORS综合服务系统已建或正在建设之中。伴随着不同级别CORS综合服务系统的出现,丰富海量的连续GNSS跟踪站观测数据不仅极大地改变了原有的GPS定位外业作业模式,而且也使得高精度GPS数据处理模式发生大的变革。为了高效使用CORS系统丰富的数据资源和深入挖掘CORS系统潜在的服务能力,本文将针对CORS系统用于高精度定位所涉及的外业作业模式、静态和动态的高精度GNSS数据处理等技术问题进行深入分析研究。
论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
1.分析基于CORS系统的任意组网作业模式对原有的边连式、网联式等组网作业模式带来的影响,并给出指导性结论。
2.基于CORS系统的高精度静态GPS数据处理技术研究。主要从基于CORS系统的静态数据处理需顾及的因素、不同组网模式对静态解的影响、基于CORS系统的静态解收敛性以及基于CORS系统改正信息的精密单点定位方法等方面进行深入分析研究。
3.基于CORS系统的高精度动态GPS数据处理技术研究。主要对基于CORS系统的动态解和准动态解的精度分析、对基于CORS系统的高精度数据处理用于滑坡等灾害的准实时预警预报的可行性做出论述。
4. CORS系统中站点的稳定性分析研究。由于GPS数据解算受各种误差影响,因此解算所得的CORS站点的坐标时间序列中除含有白噪声外还有随机漫步噪声及闪烁噪声影响,本文借助Coiflets小波理论,通过Mallat算法对CORS站点的坐标时间序列进行多分辨率分解重构,对CORS站点的运动规律及其稳定性做出分析,并对坐标时间序列进行降噪,得出其较为真实的坐标时间序列。同时对CORS站点U方向呈现的周期性变化成因进行了分析。
CORS (Continuous Operational Reference System) can provide continuous high precision spatialization criterion for Survey department, provide continuous and comprehensive real-time GPS monitoring data for timing, navigation and disaster monitoring, and also provide real-time, reliable, and efficient spatial information services for traffic management, urban construction, and earthquake prediction, etc.. In recent years, with the continuous improvement and widely practical applications of CORS positioning theory, construction of integrated CORS network has entered a period of rapid development in China, national and regional CORS comprehensive service systems have been built or are under construction. With the different levels of CORS comprehensive service systems' appear, large amount of GNSS continuous tracking station observation data not only has greatly changed the field operations in GPS positioning, but also makes a major change on the mode of high-precision GPS data processing. Therefore, how to apply rich CORS network data resources efficiently to mapping and related fields become the hot spot and difficult point. For high-effect usage of rich CORS data resource and going deep into the latent service excavating ability of the system, this paper will deep analysis CORS system for high-precision positioning technology, that including operation pattern, static and dynamic state high precision GNSS data processing etc..
Thesis includes the following aspects:
1. Detailed analysis any group network operation mode's effect on original group edge operation and group net operation based on CORS system, and give some opinion and suggestion with guidance function.
2. Go deep into the high precision static state GPS data processing technique based on CORS, the main contents include consideration factor of static state data processing, influence of different network pattern for static solution, convergence of the static solution and precise point positioning based on CORS system correct information. Through researching high-precision static data processing based on CORS network, we know CORS network has not only changed the original static measurement mode, but also greatly improved the efficiency of static measurement and precision of location, thus promoting the rapid development of the static measurement.
3. Study high precision dynamic state GPS data processing technique based on CORS. The main contents are analysis of dynamic solutions and quasi-dynamic solution accuracy, and high-precision monitoring of landslide hazard analysis.
4. Study the stability and motion characteristic of the CORS sites. Since GPS data processing is affected by various errors, the time series of CORS site coordinate not only containing white noise but also random walk noise and flicker noise. The paper decompose and reconstruct the CORS site coordinate time series in multi-resolution, analysis stability and motion characteristic of CORS sites.
论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
1.分析基于CORS系统的任意组网作业模式对原有的边连式、网联式等组网作业模式带来的影响,并给出指导性结论。
2.基于CORS系统的高精度静态GPS数据处理技术研究。主要从基于CORS系统的静态数据处理需顾及的因素、不同组网模式对静态解的影响、基于CORS系统的静态解收敛性以及基于CORS系统改正信息的精密单点定位方法等方面进行深入分析研究。
3.基于CORS系统的高精度动态GPS数据处理技术研究。主要对基于CORS系统的动态解和准动态解的精度分析、对基于CORS系统的高精度数据处理用于滑坡等灾害的准实时预警预报的可行性做出论述。
4. CORS系统中站点的稳定性分析研究。由于GPS数据解算受各种误差影响,因此解算所得的CORS站点的坐标时间序列中除含有白噪声外还有随机漫步噪声及闪烁噪声影响,本文借助Coiflets小波理论,通过Mallat算法对CORS站点的坐标时间序列进行多分辨率分解重构,对CORS站点的运动规律及其稳定性做出分析,并对坐标时间序列进行降噪,得出其较为真实的坐标时间序列。同时对CORS站点U方向呈现的周期性变化成因进行了分析。
CORS (Continuous Operational Reference System) can provide continuous high precision spatialization criterion for Survey department, provide continuous and comprehensive real-time GPS monitoring data for timing, navigation and disaster monitoring, and also provide real-time, reliable, and efficient spatial information services for traffic management, urban construction, and earthquake prediction, etc.. In recent years, with the continuous improvement and widely practical applications of CORS positioning theory, construction of integrated CORS network has entered a period of rapid development in China, national and regional CORS comprehensive service systems have been built or are under construction. With the different levels of CORS comprehensive service systems' appear, large amount of GNSS continuous tracking station observation data not only has greatly changed the field operations in GPS positioning, but also makes a major change on the mode of high-precision GPS data processing. Therefore, how to apply rich CORS network data resources efficiently to mapping and related fields become the hot spot and difficult point. For high-effect usage of rich CORS data resource and going deep into the latent service excavating ability of the system, this paper will deep analysis CORS system for high-precision positioning technology, that including operation pattern, static and dynamic state high precision GNSS data processing etc..
Thesis includes the following aspects:
1. Detailed analysis any group network operation mode's effect on original group edge operation and group net operation based on CORS system, and give some opinion and suggestion with guidance function.
2. Go deep into the high precision static state GPS data processing technique based on CORS, the main contents include consideration factor of static state data processing, influence of different network pattern for static solution, convergence of the static solution and precise point positioning based on CORS system correct information. Through researching high-precision static data processing based on CORS network, we know CORS network has not only changed the original static measurement mode, but also greatly improved the efficiency of static measurement and precision of location, thus promoting the rapid development of the static measurement.
3. Study high precision dynamic state GPS data processing technique based on CORS. The main contents are analysis of dynamic solutions and quasi-dynamic solution accuracy, and high-precision monitoring of landslide hazard analysis.
4. Study the stability and motion characteristic of the CORS sites. Since GPS data processing is affected by various errors, the time series of CORS site coordinate not only containing white noise but also random walk noise and flicker noise. The paper decompose and reconstruct the CORS site coordinate time series in multi-resolution, analysis stability and motion characteristic of CORS sites.
引文
[1]黄俊华,陈文森.连续运行卫星定位综合服务系统建设与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2009
[2]全球导航卫星系统连续运行参考站网建设规范[M].中华人民共和国测绘行业标志,CH／T 2008—2005,2005年12月7日发布
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[5]刘经南,刘晖.建立我国卫星定位连续运行站网的若干思考[J].武汉大学学报：信息科学版,2003,28(特刊)：27-31
[6]蔡昌盛,高井祥,张华海.我国GPS综合服务系统建设进展[J].全球定位系统,2005,3：8-11
[7]陈俊勇.中国地壳运动观测网络简介—中国“九五”科学工程之一[J].测绘通报,1997,2：8-15
[8]梁辉.谈中国大陆构造环境监测网络工程建站工作[J].山西地震,2008,3：24-25
[9]戴连君,过静君,谭志彬等.北京市全球卫星定位综合应用服务系统[J].测绘通报,2004,7：28-31
[10]吴利民,陈云波,丁仁军.昆明市连续运行GPS参考站系统的建设及应用[J].城市勘测,2005,8：8-10
[11]郭万里等.城市GPS连续运行参考站网(CORS)应用综述[J].人民珠江,2008,1：65-67
[12]李建,吕志平,乔书波.连续运行参考站网的演化与发展趋势[J].测绘科学,2008,33(增刊)：44-46
[13]虚拟参考站(VRS)技术与差分改正信息的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005
[14]孙涛.连续运行参考站系统实现方法[J].科技信息,2009,1206-208
[15]钟定福.浅谈连续运行GPS参考站网系统的建立[J].江西测绘,2008,4：31-32
[16]覃婕,韦波,黄俊华,任建福.南宁市连续运行卫星定位服务系统的建设[J].地理空间信息,2008,6(4)：84-86
[17]王军见,宋会传,张弘.GPS连续运行参考站网浅探[J].科学技术与工程,2007,7(11)：2606-2609
[18]张志全,王文旭,黄立人,史廷玉,于建成,白刚.天津市GPS连续运行参考站网 系统[J].城市勘测,2007,6：51-55
[19]张勤,李家权.GPS测量原理及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[20]李征航,吴秀娟.全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展：第四讲精密单点定位(上)[J].测绘信息与工程,2002,27(5)：34-37
[21]丁鹏辉.GPS非差相位精密单点定位算法研究与实现[D].中国测绘科学研究院硕士论文,2008
[22]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005.
[23]魏二虎,黄劲松.GPS测量操作与数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2004.
[24]丁晓光.GPS数据处理中对流层延迟改正与应用研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2009
[25]魏子卿,葛茂荣.GPS相对定位的数学模型[M].北京：测绘出版社,1998.
[26]胡丛玮,刘大杰.单历元确定GPS整周模糊度的分析[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2001,33(3)：267-270
[27]韩保民,欧吉坤.基于GPS非差观测值进行精密单点定位研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2003,4(28)：409-412
[28]张小红,李星星,郭斐等.GPS单频精密单点定位软件实现与精度分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2008,33(8)：783-787
[29]黄观文等.一种基于单基准站改正信息的实时精密单点定位算法[J].宇航学报,将刊
[30]柯福阳,王庆,余学祥,刘辉.单历元GPS变形监测快速解算关键问题的研究[J].测绘通报,2008,3：15-17
[31]谢欢文,陈秋月,江太辉.单频GPS载波相位整周模糊度解算研究[J].五邑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,21(4)：21-25
[32]卢秀山,王振杰,欧吉坤.单频GPS短基线快速定位中的少数历元算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版)2007,32(12)：1147-1151
[33]苏小宁等.基于TRACK进行GPS单历元定位[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3)：100-103
[34]刘根友.高精度GPS定位及地壳形变分析若干问题的研究[D].中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2004
[35]黄立人.GPS基准站坐标分量时间序列的噪声特性分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2)：31-33
[36]杨国华,张风霜,武艳强,韩月萍.GPS基准站坐标分量噪声的时间序列与分类特征 [J].国际地震动态,2007,7：80-85
[37]符养.中国大陆现今地壳形变与GPS坐标时间序列分析[D].中国科学院研究生院博士论文,2002
[38]高成.MATLAB小波分析与应用[M].国防工业出版社,2007
[39]秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[40]韩英,符养.GPS高程数据时间序列分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2003,28(4)：425-428
[41]杨强等.基于IGS连续跟踪站的GPS高程时间序列分析[J].测绘科学,2007,32(3)：55-56
[41]King RW and Bock Y. Documentation for the GAMIT GPS analysis software [M]. Mass. Inst. Of Tech., Scripps Inst. Occeangr.
[42]http://geoweb. mit. edu/～simon/gtgk/help/track.hlp.htm
[43]http://garner.ucsd. edu/pub
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[45]Gang Chen, GPS Kinematic Positioning for the Airborne Laser Altimetry at Long Valley, Californiia [M], Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and planetary Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of technology,1998
[2]全球导航卫星系统连续运行参考站网建设规范[M].中华人民共和国测绘行业标志,CH／T 2008—2005,2005年12月7日发布
[3]国内外连续运行基准站网新进展和应用展望[J].全球定位系统,2008(1)：1-10
[4]全球导航卫星系统的进展及建设CORS的思考[J].地理空间信息,2009,7(3)：1-3
[5]刘经南,刘晖.建立我国卫星定位连续运行站网的若干思考[J].武汉大学学报：信息科学版,2003,28(特刊)：27-31
[6]蔡昌盛,高井祥,张华海.我国GPS综合服务系统建设进展[J].全球定位系统,2005,3：8-11
[7]陈俊勇.中国地壳运动观测网络简介—中国“九五”科学工程之一[J].测绘通报,1997,2：8-15
[8]梁辉.谈中国大陆构造环境监测网络工程建站工作[J].山西地震,2008,3：24-25
[9]戴连君,过静君,谭志彬等.北京市全球卫星定位综合应用服务系统[J].测绘通报,2004,7：28-31
[10]吴利民,陈云波,丁仁军.昆明市连续运行GPS参考站系统的建设及应用[J].城市勘测,2005,8：8-10
[11]郭万里等.城市GPS连续运行参考站网(CORS)应用综述[J].人民珠江,2008,1：65-67
[12]李建,吕志平,乔书波.连续运行参考站网的演化与发展趋势[J].测绘科学,2008,33(增刊)：44-46
[13]虚拟参考站(VRS)技术与差分改正信息的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005
[14]孙涛.连续运行参考站系统实现方法[J].科技信息,2009,1206-208
[15]钟定福.浅谈连续运行GPS参考站网系统的建立[J].江西测绘,2008,4：31-32
[16]覃婕,韦波,黄俊华,任建福.南宁市连续运行卫星定位服务系统的建设[J].地理空间信息,2008,6(4)：84-86
[17]王军见,宋会传,张弘.GPS连续运行参考站网浅探[J].科学技术与工程,2007,7(11)：2606-2609
[18]张志全,王文旭,黄立人,史廷玉,于建成,白刚.天津市GPS连续运行参考站网 系统[J].城市勘测,2007,6：51-55
[19]张勤,李家权.GPS测量原理及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[20]李征航,吴秀娟.全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展：第四讲精密单点定位(上)[J].测绘信息与工程,2002,27(5)：34-37
[21]丁鹏辉.GPS非差相位精密单点定位算法研究与实现[D].中国测绘科学研究院硕士论文,2008
[22]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005.
[23]魏二虎,黄劲松.GPS测量操作与数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2004.
[24]丁晓光.GPS数据处理中对流层延迟改正与应用研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2009
[25]魏子卿,葛茂荣.GPS相对定位的数学模型[M].北京：测绘出版社,1998.
[26]胡丛玮,刘大杰.单历元确定GPS整周模糊度的分析[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2001,33(3)：267-270
[27]韩保民,欧吉坤.基于GPS非差观测值进行精密单点定位研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2003,4(28)：409-412
[28]张小红,李星星,郭斐等.GPS单频精密单点定位软件实现与精度分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2008,33(8)：783-787
[29]黄观文等.一种基于单基准站改正信息的实时精密单点定位算法[J].宇航学报,将刊
[30]柯福阳,王庆,余学祥,刘辉.单历元GPS变形监测快速解算关键问题的研究[J].测绘通报,2008,3：15-17
[31]谢欢文,陈秋月,江太辉.单频GPS载波相位整周模糊度解算研究[J].五邑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,21(4)：21-25
[32]卢秀山,王振杰,欧吉坤.单频GPS短基线快速定位中的少数历元算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版)2007,32(12)：1147-1151
[33]苏小宁等.基于TRACK进行GPS单历元定位[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(3)：100-103
[34]刘根友.高精度GPS定位及地壳形变分析若干问题的研究[D].中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2004
[35]黄立人.GPS基准站坐标分量时间序列的噪声特性分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2)：31-33
[36]杨国华,张风霜,武艳强,韩月萍.GPS基准站坐标分量噪声的时间序列与分类特征 [J].国际地震动态,2007,7：80-85
[37]符养.中国大陆现今地壳形变与GPS坐标时间序列分析[D].中国科学院研究生院博士论文,2002
[38]高成.MATLAB小波分析与应用[M].国防工业出版社,2007
[39]秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[40]韩英,符养.GPS高程数据时间序列分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2003,28(4)：425-428
[41]杨强等.基于IGS连续跟踪站的GPS高程时间序列分析[J].测绘科学,2007,32(3)：55-56
[41]King RW and Bock Y. Documentation for the GAMIT GPS analysis software [M]. Mass. Inst. Of Tech., Scripps Inst. Occeangr.
[42]http://geoweb. mit. edu/～simon/gtgk/help/track.hlp.htm
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