模型蛋白与中药活性成分发光行为研究与应用
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摘要
药物在体内与蛋白质的作用不仅影响其在体内的分布、代谢和排泄,还和其药效息息相关。因此,在分子水平上研究蛋白质与药物的相互作用对阐明药物的药理活性和药代动力学具有重要意义。
大黄属于我国四大最常用的中药之一,具有多方面的药理活性。至今己阐明大黄的主要活性成分为蒽醌类物质,包括：大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和芦荟大黄素。芦丁、山萘酚和橙皮素是临床广泛使用的黄酮类药物,国内已生产口服的复方芦丁片。
本文以鲁米诺为化学发光探针,采用流动注射.化学发光法,研究肌红蛋白与大黄蒽醌类药物以及黄酮类药物的相互作用,研究工作的创新点为：
1.通过测定小分子鲁米诺的外源荧光,系统研究了牛血清白蛋白、肌红蛋白、溶菌酶和过氧化氢酶与鲁米诺的相互作用。建立了以小分子为荧光体,研究蛋白质与其相互作用的数学模型。在新建模型的基础上,计算出牛血清白蛋白、肌红蛋白、溶菌酶和过氧化氢酶与鲁米诺相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。
2.以鲁米诺为化学发光探针,建立了研究肌红蛋白与药物相互作用的流动注射化学发光数学模型,并用该模型计算出肌红蛋白与大黄葸醌类药物以及黄酮类药物相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。实验结果表明,用本文构建发光模型研究蛋白质与小分子相互作用,不仅操作简单、灵敏度高,还可获得蛋白质与小分子相互作用较多参考信息(包括：结合常数、结合位点数、作用力类型及热力学参数等),为阐明药物和蛋白质的作用原理提供新方法新技术。
论文主要内容包括：
1.引用文献180篇。概述了蛋白质的结构和功能以及研究蛋白质与小分子相互作用的实验方法；总结了大黄、大黄葸醌和黄酮类化合物的主要药理活性。
2.根据Stern-Volmer方程及相关理论,推断模型蛋白对鲁米诺荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭。通过测定小分子外源荧光,构建了研究蛋白质与其相互作用的数学模型,计算公式为：并计算出模型蛋白对鲁米诺的结合常数和结合位点数。根据模型蛋白的结构探讨了可能的结合位点。
3.鲁米诺.模型蛋白发光体系的建立及其光谱行为的研究：详细研究了模型蛋白对鲁米诺化学发光性质的影响。结果表明,模型蛋白均能增强鲁米诺的化学发光,并缩短鲁米诺达到最大发光强度的时间,化学发光强度增大值与模型蛋白浓度成线性关系。根据模型蛋白对鲁米诺可能的结合位点,探讨了模型蛋白对鲁米诺化学发光增敏的可能机理。
4.以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系为基础,研究了大黄蒽醌类药物(大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素和大黄素甲醚)对鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系的影响,发现它们对该体系的化学发光均产生抑制作用,并提出了可能的作用机理。以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白-大黄蒽醌类药物作用机理为基础,构建了研究蛋白质与药物相互作用的流动注射化学发光数学模型,计算方程为：计算出在298K和303K时,肌红蛋白与大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素和大黄素甲醚相互作用的结合常数Ka和结合位点数n。计算结果表明：肌红蛋白与大黄蒽醌类药物的结合常数肠值在103～107数量级,结合位点数n约为1。结合能力大小顺序为：芦荟大黄素>大黄酚>大黄素>大黄素甲醚>大黄酸。计算出热力学函数的变值,判断肌红蛋白与大黄蒽醌类药物之间的结合力应为疏水作用力,探讨了大黄蒽醌类药物的结构和药理活性与结合力大小的相关性。
5.以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系为基础,研究了芦丁、山萘酚、橙皮素对鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系的影响,发现它们对该体系的化学发光均产生抑制作用。通过进一步研究,提出了可能的抑制机理。应用基于流动注射-化学发光法构建的数学模型,计算出在298K和303K时,肌红蛋白与芦丁、山萘酚、橙皮素相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。结合常数在104～105数量级。结合力大小顺序是：山萘酚>芦丁>橙皮素。并计算出热力学函数的变值,以此判断结合力应为疏水作用力。探讨了结合常数的大小与黄酮类药物结构的相关性。
6.以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系为基础,发现克林霉素、氯雷他定、三聚氰胺和龙胆苦苷对该体系的发光有较强的猝灭作用。应用本文所构建的流动注射化学发光数学模型,分别给出肌红蛋白与克林霉素、氯雷他定和三聚氰胺相互作用的结合常数Ka和结合位点数n,得到非常满意的计算结果。
The binding of proteins with drugs has a great influence upon the distribution, patterns of metabolism and excretion of the drugs. And it also has influence on the curative effect of the drugs. So the study on the binding of drugs with proteins is very important to explain the pharmacology activities and pharmacokinetics of the drugs.
Rhubarb is one of four Chinese medicines which are often used in clinic. The active components of rhubarb are anthraquiones, including emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloe-emodin and physcion. Rutin, kaempferol and hesperetin, which belong to flavonoids, are often used in clinic. Rudin has been produced in oral dosage in China.
The binding of myoglobin with anthraquiones and flavonoids was studied in this dissertation by using luminol as chemiluminescence probe based on FI-CL method. The following major innovative works was carried out in this dissertation.
1. The interaction of BSA, Mb, lysozyme and CAT with luminol has been investigated fully by taking luminol as the phosphor. The new mathematical model was established that can be used to study the binding of proteins with small molecule compounds by determining the fluorescence of the small molecule compound. And the binding parameters such as the binding constant, the number of binding sites were calculated by this model.
2. The new FI-CL mathematical mode has been established which can be used to study the binding of Mb with drugs by using luminol as chemiluminescence probe. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were calculated for the interaction of anthraquiones and flavonoids with myoglobin by this mode. The results showed it is sample and sensitive to study the interaction between proteins and drugs by using this mode. And some valuable reference parameters can be obtained (indluding bingding constant, the number of binding sites, binding mode and the changes of thermodynamic parameters). It provided the new method and technology for explaining the binding mechanism between proteins and drugs.
The dissertation cinsisted of the following main content:
1. The structure and biological functions of proteins and research methods for the interaction between proteins and small molecules were described. The pharmacology activities of Rhubarb, anthraquiones and flavonoids were reviewed.180 references were cited.
2. According to the Stern-Volmer equation, it was induced that the quenching process of model proteins-luminol was the static quenching mode to form the nonradiative ground-state complex. Based on this method, the new mathematical model was established that can be used to study the binding of small molecule compounds with proteins by determining the fluorescence of the small molecule compound. The mathematical equation is: The binding constants and number of binding sites were calculated for model proteins-luminol by this model. The possible binding sites were discussed according to the structure of model proteins.
3. The influence of model proteins (BSA, Mb, lysozyme and CAT) on the chemiluminescence of luminol was studied by FI-CL method. The results showed model proteins enhanced the chemiluminescence of luminol, and Tmax was changed smaller. The increase in the chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of model proteins. The possible mechanism of luminol-model protein systems was provided.
4. The influence of emodin, chrysopanol, rhein, aloe-emodin and physcion on chemiluminescence of luminol-Mb system has been investigated. Based on the inhibitory effect, the possible mechanism was discussed and the new FI-CL mathematical mode was established. The mathematical equation is The binding parameters such as the binding constant, the number of binding sites were calculated by it for Mb-anthraquiones at 298K and 303K. The values of the binding constants were at 103～107 level. The binding ability of the studied anthraquiones followed the pattern: aloe-emodin> chrysophanol>emodin>physcion>rhein. The changes of thermodynamic parameters were calculated and they showed Mb bound with anthraquiones by hydrophobic effect. The relationship between binding constants of them with their structure and pharmacology activities was discussed.
5. The influence of rudin, kaempferol and hesperetin on chemiluminescence of luminol-Mb system has been investigated. Based on the inhibitory effect of them, the possible mechanism was provided. The binding parameters such as the binding constant, the number of binding sites were calculated by the new FI-CL mathematical mode at 298K and 303K. The values of the binding constants were at 104～105level. The binding ability of the studied flavonoids followed the pattern:kaempferol> rudin> hesperetin. The changes of thermodynamic parameters were calculated and they showed Mb bound with flavonoids by hydrophobic effect. The relationship between binding constants of them with their structure was discussed.
6. The inhibitory effect on luminol-Mb chemiluminescence of clindamycin, loratadine, melamine and gentiopicroside was studied. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were calculated by the new FI-CL mathematical mode for the interaction of Mb with them. Because clindamycin, loratadine and melamine reacted with Mb firstly, the calculating results were satisfied.
大黄属于我国四大最常用的中药之一,具有多方面的药理活性。至今己阐明大黄的主要活性成分为蒽醌类物质,包括：大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和芦荟大黄素。芦丁、山萘酚和橙皮素是临床广泛使用的黄酮类药物,国内已生产口服的复方芦丁片。
本文以鲁米诺为化学发光探针,采用流动注射.化学发光法,研究肌红蛋白与大黄蒽醌类药物以及黄酮类药物的相互作用,研究工作的创新点为：
1.通过测定小分子鲁米诺的外源荧光,系统研究了牛血清白蛋白、肌红蛋白、溶菌酶和过氧化氢酶与鲁米诺的相互作用。建立了以小分子为荧光体,研究蛋白质与其相互作用的数学模型。在新建模型的基础上,计算出牛血清白蛋白、肌红蛋白、溶菌酶和过氧化氢酶与鲁米诺相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。
2.以鲁米诺为化学发光探针,建立了研究肌红蛋白与药物相互作用的流动注射化学发光数学模型,并用该模型计算出肌红蛋白与大黄葸醌类药物以及黄酮类药物相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。实验结果表明,用本文构建发光模型研究蛋白质与小分子相互作用,不仅操作简单、灵敏度高,还可获得蛋白质与小分子相互作用较多参考信息(包括：结合常数、结合位点数、作用力类型及热力学参数等),为阐明药物和蛋白质的作用原理提供新方法新技术。
论文主要内容包括：
1.引用文献180篇。概述了蛋白质的结构和功能以及研究蛋白质与小分子相互作用的实验方法；总结了大黄、大黄葸醌和黄酮类化合物的主要药理活性。
2.根据Stern-Volmer方程及相关理论,推断模型蛋白对鲁米诺荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭。通过测定小分子外源荧光,构建了研究蛋白质与其相互作用的数学模型,计算公式为：并计算出模型蛋白对鲁米诺的结合常数和结合位点数。根据模型蛋白的结构探讨了可能的结合位点。
3.鲁米诺.模型蛋白发光体系的建立及其光谱行为的研究：详细研究了模型蛋白对鲁米诺化学发光性质的影响。结果表明,模型蛋白均能增强鲁米诺的化学发光,并缩短鲁米诺达到最大发光强度的时间,化学发光强度增大值与模型蛋白浓度成线性关系。根据模型蛋白对鲁米诺可能的结合位点,探讨了模型蛋白对鲁米诺化学发光增敏的可能机理。
4.以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系为基础,研究了大黄蒽醌类药物(大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素和大黄素甲醚)对鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系的影响,发现它们对该体系的化学发光均产生抑制作用,并提出了可能的作用机理。以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白-大黄蒽醌类药物作用机理为基础,构建了研究蛋白质与药物相互作用的流动注射化学发光数学模型,计算方程为：计算出在298K和303K时,肌红蛋白与大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素和大黄素甲醚相互作用的结合常数Ka和结合位点数n。计算结果表明：肌红蛋白与大黄蒽醌类药物的结合常数肠值在103～107数量级,结合位点数n约为1。结合能力大小顺序为：芦荟大黄素>大黄酚>大黄素>大黄素甲醚>大黄酸。计算出热力学函数的变值,判断肌红蛋白与大黄蒽醌类药物之间的结合力应为疏水作用力,探讨了大黄蒽醌类药物的结构和药理活性与结合力大小的相关性。
5.以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系为基础,研究了芦丁、山萘酚、橙皮素对鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系的影响,发现它们对该体系的化学发光均产生抑制作用。通过进一步研究,提出了可能的抑制机理。应用基于流动注射-化学发光法构建的数学模型,计算出在298K和303K时,肌红蛋白与芦丁、山萘酚、橙皮素相互作用的结合常数和结合位点数。结合常数在104～105数量级。结合力大小顺序是：山萘酚>芦丁>橙皮素。并计算出热力学函数的变值,以此判断结合力应为疏水作用力。探讨了结合常数的大小与黄酮类药物结构的相关性。
6.以鲁米诺-肌红蛋白化学发光体系为基础,发现克林霉素、氯雷他定、三聚氰胺和龙胆苦苷对该体系的发光有较强的猝灭作用。应用本文所构建的流动注射化学发光数学模型,分别给出肌红蛋白与克林霉素、氯雷他定和三聚氰胺相互作用的结合常数Ka和结合位点数n,得到非常满意的计算结果。
The binding of proteins with drugs has a great influence upon the distribution, patterns of metabolism and excretion of the drugs. And it also has influence on the curative effect of the drugs. So the study on the binding of drugs with proteins is very important to explain the pharmacology activities and pharmacokinetics of the drugs.
Rhubarb is one of four Chinese medicines which are often used in clinic. The active components of rhubarb are anthraquiones, including emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloe-emodin and physcion. Rutin, kaempferol and hesperetin, which belong to flavonoids, are often used in clinic. Rudin has been produced in oral dosage in China.
The binding of myoglobin with anthraquiones and flavonoids was studied in this dissertation by using luminol as chemiluminescence probe based on FI-CL method. The following major innovative works was carried out in this dissertation.
1. The interaction of BSA, Mb, lysozyme and CAT with luminol has been investigated fully by taking luminol as the phosphor. The new mathematical model was established that can be used to study the binding of proteins with small molecule compounds by determining the fluorescence of the small molecule compound. And the binding parameters such as the binding constant, the number of binding sites were calculated by this model.
2. The new FI-CL mathematical mode has been established which can be used to study the binding of Mb with drugs by using luminol as chemiluminescence probe. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were calculated for the interaction of anthraquiones and flavonoids with myoglobin by this mode. The results showed it is sample and sensitive to study the interaction between proteins and drugs by using this mode. And some valuable reference parameters can be obtained (indluding bingding constant, the number of binding sites, binding mode and the changes of thermodynamic parameters). It provided the new method and technology for explaining the binding mechanism between proteins and drugs.
The dissertation cinsisted of the following main content:
1. The structure and biological functions of proteins and research methods for the interaction between proteins and small molecules were described. The pharmacology activities of Rhubarb, anthraquiones and flavonoids were reviewed.180 references were cited.
2. According to the Stern-Volmer equation, it was induced that the quenching process of model proteins-luminol was the static quenching mode to form the nonradiative ground-state complex. Based on this method, the new mathematical model was established that can be used to study the binding of small molecule compounds with proteins by determining the fluorescence of the small molecule compound. The mathematical equation is: The binding constants and number of binding sites were calculated for model proteins-luminol by this model. The possible binding sites were discussed according to the structure of model proteins.
3. The influence of model proteins (BSA, Mb, lysozyme and CAT) on the chemiluminescence of luminol was studied by FI-CL method. The results showed model proteins enhanced the chemiluminescence of luminol, and Tmax was changed smaller. The increase in the chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of model proteins. The possible mechanism of luminol-model protein systems was provided.
4. The influence of emodin, chrysopanol, rhein, aloe-emodin and physcion on chemiluminescence of luminol-Mb system has been investigated. Based on the inhibitory effect, the possible mechanism was discussed and the new FI-CL mathematical mode was established. The mathematical equation is The binding parameters such as the binding constant, the number of binding sites were calculated by it for Mb-anthraquiones at 298K and 303K. The values of the binding constants were at 103～107 level. The binding ability of the studied anthraquiones followed the pattern: aloe-emodin> chrysophanol>emodin>physcion>rhein. The changes of thermodynamic parameters were calculated and they showed Mb bound with anthraquiones by hydrophobic effect. The relationship between binding constants of them with their structure and pharmacology activities was discussed.
5. The influence of rudin, kaempferol and hesperetin on chemiluminescence of luminol-Mb system has been investigated. Based on the inhibitory effect of them, the possible mechanism was provided. The binding parameters such as the binding constant, the number of binding sites were calculated by the new FI-CL mathematical mode at 298K and 303K. The values of the binding constants were at 104～105level. The binding ability of the studied flavonoids followed the pattern:kaempferol> rudin> hesperetin. The changes of thermodynamic parameters were calculated and they showed Mb bound with flavonoids by hydrophobic effect. The relationship between binding constants of them with their structure was discussed.
6. The inhibitory effect on luminol-Mb chemiluminescence of clindamycin, loratadine, melamine and gentiopicroside was studied. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were calculated by the new FI-CL mathematical mode for the interaction of Mb with them. Because clindamycin, loratadine and melamine reacted with Mb firstly, the calculating results were satisfied.
引文
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