B3G-TDD下行链路中MIMO检测算法及实现技术研究
摘要
MIMO技术是无线移动通信领域智能天线技术的重大突破。该技术能在不增加带宽的情况下成倍地提高通信系统的容量和频谱利用率,是新一代移动通信系统必须采用的关键技术之一。
当今在全球范围内移动通信处于高速发展时期,我国对后三代移动通信的研究已经正式列入863项目,并启动了“FuTURE计划”。现在已经进入项目的第二个阶段,电子科技大学负责B3G TDD方式的下行链路设计,重点是基于FPGA的实现研究。此链路基于OFDM+MIMO构架,传输速率达到100Mbps。本论文针对B3G TDD下行链路的MIMO检测算法和实现技术做了一些研究。在已有算法的基础上,结合最大似然估计和球形译码的思想,提出了一种基于检测点MIMO最大似然检测算法。并对此算法进行了简化,然后做了基于FPGA的实现。
本论文首先对分析了现有的一些MIMO检测算法的特点,有的实现简单,但是检测性能不佳;有的性能优越,实现难度却非常大。本论文结合最大似然估计和球形译码的思想,提出了一种基于检测点MIMO最大似然检测算法,本算法实现比较简单,检测性能也有大幅提高;接下来针对项目的实际情况和算法特点,从实现方面对本算法做了一些简化,这些简化能够大幅度降低实现复杂度。
本论文还对此算法作了基于FPGA的实现研究。首先提出了总体设计方案,然后对各个功能模块的FPGA设计进行了详细阐述。
最后对全文进行了概括性总结,明确了下一步有待进行的工作和未来的一些研究方向。
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is a major breakthrough in the field of smart antenna in wireless mobile communication. Without increasing the bandwidth, this technique can increase the capacity of communication systems and the spectrum efficiency several times than ever before, which is the key technology in next generation mobile communication systems.
Nowadays, mobile communication is on its high-speed development period on a global scale. The research of China's beyond third-generation (B3G) mobile communication has been officially listed into 863 projects, and initiated the FuTURE project. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is responsible for the downlink design of B3G TDD mode and now it has been the second phase of the project, the key point of which is to do research on the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)implementation, based on the framework of MIMO-OFDM, and the transmission speed is up to 100Mbps.
This paper does some research on the MIMO detection algorithm and its implementation of B3G TDD downlink. Based on the existed algorithms and the ideas of maximum likelihood estimation and sphere decoding, the paper proposes a maximum likelihood detection algorithm based on MIMO detection point, and a simplified algorithm is presented, which is then implemented based on FPGA.
This paper first analyzes the characteristics of the known MIMO detection algorithms. Some of the algorithms are simple to be implemented but the detection performances are poor. Some have superior detection performance but are too difficult to be implemented. This paper combines the ideas of maximum likelihood estimation and sphere decoding, and then proposes a maximum likelihood detection algorithm based on MIMO detection point. This algorithm improves the detection performance significantly and its implementation is relatively simple. In the next, the proposed algorithm is simplified according to the features of this algorithm and the actual situation of this project, which greatly reduces the implementation complexity of this algorithm.
This paper also does some research on the FPGA implementation of this algorithm. An overall design program is proposed, and then detailed illustrations of the FPGA design for every function module are given. Finally, the summary of the paper is presented and the work which should be carried out in the next step and the future research direction are clearly pointed out.
当今在全球范围内移动通信处于高速发展时期,我国对后三代移动通信的研究已经正式列入863项目,并启动了“FuTURE计划”。现在已经进入项目的第二个阶段,电子科技大学负责B3G TDD方式的下行链路设计,重点是基于FPGA的实现研究。此链路基于OFDM+MIMO构架,传输速率达到100Mbps。本论文针对B3G TDD下行链路的MIMO检测算法和实现技术做了一些研究。在已有算法的基础上,结合最大似然估计和球形译码的思想,提出了一种基于检测点MIMO最大似然检测算法。并对此算法进行了简化,然后做了基于FPGA的实现。
本论文首先对分析了现有的一些MIMO检测算法的特点,有的实现简单,但是检测性能不佳;有的性能优越,实现难度却非常大。本论文结合最大似然估计和球形译码的思想,提出了一种基于检测点MIMO最大似然检测算法,本算法实现比较简单,检测性能也有大幅提高;接下来针对项目的实际情况和算法特点,从实现方面对本算法做了一些简化,这些简化能够大幅度降低实现复杂度。
本论文还对此算法作了基于FPGA的实现研究。首先提出了总体设计方案,然后对各个功能模块的FPGA设计进行了详细阐述。
最后对全文进行了概括性总结,明确了下一步有待进行的工作和未来的一些研究方向。
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is a major breakthrough in the field of smart antenna in wireless mobile communication. Without increasing the bandwidth, this technique can increase the capacity of communication systems and the spectrum efficiency several times than ever before, which is the key technology in next generation mobile communication systems.
Nowadays, mobile communication is on its high-speed development period on a global scale. The research of China's beyond third-generation (B3G) mobile communication has been officially listed into 863 projects, and initiated the FuTURE project. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is responsible for the downlink design of B3G TDD mode and now it has been the second phase of the project, the key point of which is to do research on the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)implementation, based on the framework of MIMO-OFDM, and the transmission speed is up to 100Mbps.
This paper does some research on the MIMO detection algorithm and its implementation of B3G TDD downlink. Based on the existed algorithms and the ideas of maximum likelihood estimation and sphere decoding, the paper proposes a maximum likelihood detection algorithm based on MIMO detection point, and a simplified algorithm is presented, which is then implemented based on FPGA.
This paper first analyzes the characteristics of the known MIMO detection algorithms. Some of the algorithms are simple to be implemented but the detection performances are poor. Some have superior detection performance but are too difficult to be implemented. This paper combines the ideas of maximum likelihood estimation and sphere decoding, and then proposes a maximum likelihood detection algorithm based on MIMO detection point. This algorithm improves the detection performance significantly and its implementation is relatively simple. In the next, the proposed algorithm is simplified according to the features of this algorithm and the actual situation of this project, which greatly reduces the implementation complexity of this algorithm.
This paper also does some research on the FPGA implementation of this algorithm. An overall design program is proposed, and then detailed illustrations of the FPGA design for every function module are given. Finally, the summary of the paper is presented and the work which should be carried out in the next step and the future research direction are clearly pointed out.
引文
[1] 古丽萍. 面对第四代移动通信的思考. 电子技术应用, 2002 年 10 月
[2] Raul Bruzzone, Senior Technology Office, PHILIPS,“A Vision of Mobile Communications”
[3] ETS Second Edition. Radio broadcasting systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting(DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers[S]. 1997. 300 401
[4] Reimers U. DVB-T: the COFDM-based system for terrestrial television[J]. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, 1997, 9(1). 28-32
[5] Khun-Jush J, Schramm P, Wachsmann U. Structure and performance of the HIPERLAN/2 physical layer[C]. IEEE 49th Vehicular Technology Conf., 1999. 49(5). 2667-2671
[6] Branka Vucetic, Jinhong Yuan. Space-time coding. 2003
[7] I. E. Telatar. Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. AT&T Bell Labs,Tech. Memo,1995.1-28
[8] G J. Foschini, Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in afading environment when using mufti-element antennas. Bell Labs Tech. J., vol.1,no.2. Autumn, 1996. 41-59
[9] G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans. On limits of wireless communication in a fading environment when using ultiple antennas. Wireless Pers. Commun., vol. 6, no.3, Mar. 1998. 311-335
[10] D. Gesbert, M. Shafi, D. Shiu. From Theory to Practice: An overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vo1.21,no.3 Apr.2003. 281-302,
[11] B. Vucetic, J. Yuan. Space-Time Coding. Chichester, LTK: John Wiley&Sons Ltd, 2003
[12] 李强, 王军, 唐万斌等. Beyond 3G 蜂窝移动通信无线网络试验系统研究开发. 电子科技大学抗干扰重点实验室文档, 2004
[13] A. F. Naguib, N. Seshadri and A.R. Calderbank. Applications of space-time block codes and interference suppressioin for high data rate wireless systems, 32nd Asilomar Conference On Signals, Systems and Computers, vol. 2, 1998. 1803-1809
[14] D. Wubben, R.Bohnke, V. Kuhn and K.D. Kammever. Near maximum-likelihood detection of MIMO systems using MMSE-based lattice reduction. IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 2, June 2004. 798-802
[15] E. Agrell, T. Enksson, A. Vardy and K. Zeger. Closet point search in lattice, IEEE Transactions Information Theory, vol, 48, pp. 2201-2214, Aug. 2002
[16] O. Damen, A. Chkei and J. C. Belfiore. Lattice code decoder for space-time codes. IEEE Commun. Letters, vol. 4, May 2000. 161-163
[17] J. Boutros, N. Gresset, L. Brunel, and M. Fossorier. Soft-input soft-output lattice sphere decoder for linear channels. Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM 2003.1583 一 1587
[18] P. W Wolniansky, G J. Foschini, G D. Golden. V-BLAST: an architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel. ISSE, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 1998. 295-300.
[19] G. D. Golden, C. J. Foschini, R. A. Valenzuela. Detection algorithm and initial laboratory results using V-BLAST space-time communication architecture. Electron. Lett. vol. 35, no. 1,Jan. 1999. 14-16
[20] Melanie Witzke, Stephan Baro, Frank Schreckenbach, Joachim Hagenauer, Iterative Detection of MIMO Signals with Linear Detectors, Signals, Systems and Computers, 2002. Conference Record of the Thirty-Sixth Asilomar Conference on, volume 1, Nov. 2002. 289-293
[21] U. Fincke, and M. Phost. Improved methods for calculating vectors of short length in a lattice, including a complexity analysis. Math. Of Comp., vol. 44, Apr. 1985. 463–471
[22] 北京邮电大学, 电子科技大学, 华中科技大学, 上海交通大学. B3G-TDD 方案概要设计和需求分析, V8.0, 2004
[23] Massimo Ravasi, Marco Mattavelli. High-Level Algorithmic Complexity Evaluation for System Design. Journal of Systems Architecture. vol.48, issue 13-15, 2003. 403-427
[24] Xilinx, Inc. Virtex-II Pro and Virtex-II Pro X FPGA User Guide, V3.0, 2004
[25] 吴继华, 王诚. Altera FPGA/CPLD 设计高级篇. 人民邮电出版社 2005
[26] Xilinx, Inc. Adder/Subtracter , V7.0, 2005
[27] Xilinx, Inc. Comparator, V8.0, 2005
[28] Xilinx, Inc. Dual Port Block Memory, V6.3, 2005
[29] 夏宇闻. Verilog 数字系统设计教程. 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003
[30] 任晓东, 文博. CPLD/FPGA 高级应用开发指南. 电子工业出版社, 2003
[31] Xilinx. Xilinx ISE 7 Software Manuals
[2] Raul Bruzzone, Senior Technology Office, PHILIPS,“A Vision of Mobile Communications”
[3] ETS Second Edition. Radio broadcasting systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting(DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers[S]. 1997. 300 401
[4] Reimers U. DVB-T: the COFDM-based system for terrestrial television[J]. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, 1997, 9(1). 28-32
[5] Khun-Jush J, Schramm P, Wachsmann U. Structure and performance of the HIPERLAN/2 physical layer[C]. IEEE 49th Vehicular Technology Conf., 1999. 49(5). 2667-2671
[6] Branka Vucetic, Jinhong Yuan. Space-time coding. 2003
[7] I. E. Telatar. Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. AT&T Bell Labs,Tech. Memo,1995.1-28
[8] G J. Foschini, Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in afading environment when using mufti-element antennas. Bell Labs Tech. J., vol.1,no.2. Autumn, 1996. 41-59
[9] G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans. On limits of wireless communication in a fading environment when using ultiple antennas. Wireless Pers. Commun., vol. 6, no.3, Mar. 1998. 311-335
[10] D. Gesbert, M. Shafi, D. Shiu. From Theory to Practice: An overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vo1.21,no.3 Apr.2003. 281-302,
[11] B. Vucetic, J. Yuan. Space-Time Coding. Chichester, LTK: John Wiley&Sons Ltd, 2003
[12] 李强, 王军, 唐万斌等. Beyond 3G 蜂窝移动通信无线网络试验系统研究开发. 电子科技大学抗干扰重点实验室文档, 2004
[13] A. F. Naguib, N. Seshadri and A.R. Calderbank. Applications of space-time block codes and interference suppressioin for high data rate wireless systems, 32nd Asilomar Conference On Signals, Systems and Computers, vol. 2, 1998. 1803-1809
[14] D. Wubben, R.Bohnke, V. Kuhn and K.D. Kammever. Near maximum-likelihood detection of MIMO systems using MMSE-based lattice reduction. IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 2, June 2004. 798-802
[15] E. Agrell, T. Enksson, A. Vardy and K. Zeger. Closet point search in lattice, IEEE Transactions Information Theory, vol, 48, pp. 2201-2214, Aug. 2002
[16] O. Damen, A. Chkei and J. C. Belfiore. Lattice code decoder for space-time codes. IEEE Commun. Letters, vol. 4, May 2000. 161-163
[17] J. Boutros, N. Gresset, L. Brunel, and M. Fossorier. Soft-input soft-output lattice sphere decoder for linear channels. Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM 2003.1583 一 1587
[18] P. W Wolniansky, G J. Foschini, G D. Golden. V-BLAST: an architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel. ISSE, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 1998. 295-300.
[19] G. D. Golden, C. J. Foschini, R. A. Valenzuela. Detection algorithm and initial laboratory results using V-BLAST space-time communication architecture. Electron. Lett. vol. 35, no. 1,Jan. 1999. 14-16
[20] Melanie Witzke, Stephan Baro, Frank Schreckenbach, Joachim Hagenauer, Iterative Detection of MIMO Signals with Linear Detectors, Signals, Systems and Computers, 2002. Conference Record of the Thirty-Sixth Asilomar Conference on, volume 1, Nov. 2002. 289-293
[21] U. Fincke, and M. Phost. Improved methods for calculating vectors of short length in a lattice, including a complexity analysis. Math. Of Comp., vol. 44, Apr. 1985. 463–471
[22] 北京邮电大学, 电子科技大学, 华中科技大学, 上海交通大学. B3G-TDD 方案概要设计和需求分析, V8.0, 2004
[23] Massimo Ravasi, Marco Mattavelli. High-Level Algorithmic Complexity Evaluation for System Design. Journal of Systems Architecture. vol.48, issue 13-15, 2003. 403-427
[24] Xilinx, Inc. Virtex-II Pro and Virtex-II Pro X FPGA User Guide, V3.0, 2004
[25] 吴继华, 王诚. Altera FPGA/CPLD 设计高级篇. 人民邮电出版社 2005
[26] Xilinx, Inc. Adder/Subtracter , V7.0, 2005
[27] Xilinx, Inc. Comparator, V8.0, 2005
[28] Xilinx, Inc. Dual Port Block Memory, V6.3, 2005
[29] 夏宇闻. Verilog 数字系统设计教程. 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003
[30] 任晓东, 文博. CPLD/FPGA 高级应用开发指南. 电子工业出版社, 2003
[31] Xilinx. Xilinx ISE 7 Software Manuals