SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的制备工艺和性能研究
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摘要
SiC颗粒具有价格低、硬度高、耐磨、耐腐蚀等优点,是较为理想的增强材料。铁具有良好的强度和韧性,是现代工业中最常用的金属材料之一。低密度、高强度和高刚度的增强体颗粒加入到铁基体中,能够在降低材料密度的同时,提高其弹性模量、硬度、耐磨性和高温性能,两者的结合必将产生一种新型低成本、高耐磨、综合性能良好的金属基复合材料。
本文分别利用高温氧化、酸洗和碱洗工艺对SiC颗粒进行表面处理。并分别采用置换反应法和分解还原反应法在SiCp表面包裹一层Cu,用来改善SiCp和Fe之间的润湿性及物理化学相容性。根据粉末冶金法,分别利用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)和热压烧结(HP)两种工艺制备SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料。借助差热分析(DTA-TG)、X-(?)寸线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)、金相显微镜(OM)等技术分析了SiCp/Cu复合粉体和SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的显微组织和界面特征。利用阿基米德排水法、显微硬度计、三点弯曲法、磨损试验等方法研究了SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的性能特点和机理,考察了烧结温度、烧结压力、增强相含量以及其他因素对SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料性能的影响。
研究结果表明：对于相同的SiCp,采用分解还原反应法得到的复合粉体的包覆效果要优于置换反应法得到的复合粉体的包覆效果。高温氧化使SiC颗粒棱角钝化,同时在其表面生成一层Si02膜,可以得到包覆效果较好的SiCp/Cu复合粉体；经碱洗的SiC颗粒,表面更为干净且被粗化,同时颗粒比表面积增大,其颗粒表面有一层致密的Cu微晶,得到的复合粉体的包覆效果最好。采用放电等离子体烧结法制备SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料,其相对密度、显微硬度、抗弯湿度和耐磨性均在950℃烧结温度和25MPa烧结压力下达到最佳水平。同时,随着SiCp(Cu)含量的增加,复合材料的这几项性能均呈现而先增加后减小的趋势,其中SiCp(Cu)的加入量为6wt.%时,得到的SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料具有最优的性能,其相对密度为99.1%,显微硬度为440.6HV,抗弯强度为689.2MPa,磨损量为1.099mg/m。SiCp表面包裹的Cu改善了SiC颗粒与Fe基体的界面结合强度,使复合材料的综合性能得到了提高。
Silicon carbide is an ideal reinforced material for composites due to its advantages such as low price, high hardness, good resistance to wear and corrosion, etc. Iron, which has good strength and toughness, is one of the most commonly used metal materials in modern industry. The addition of the reinforced particles with low density, high strength and high rigidity into the iron matrix can reduce the density of the material as well as increase its elastic modulus, hardness, wear resistance and high-temperature performance. Thus, the combination of these two materials will bring a new metal matrix composite with low-cost, good comprehensive properties and high wear resistance.
In this study, surface treatment technique such as high-temperature oxidation, acid dipping and alkaline wash was adopted separately on silicon carbide particles. Replacement reaction method and decomposition-reduction reaction method were used to generate Cu coating on the surface of silicon carbide, which, in order to improve the wettability and physical and chemical compatibility between silicon carbide and iron. Based on the powder metallurgy method, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot-pressing sintering (HP) were used respectively in fabrication of SiCp(Cu)/Fe composite. The microstructure and the interface characteristics of SiCp/Cu composite powder and SiCp(Cu)/Fe composites were analyzed by means of DTA-TG, XRD, SEM, EDS, OM techniques and so on. Archimedes method, microhardness instrument, three point bending method and wear test method were used to study the properties and mechanism of SiCp(Cu)/Fe composites. The influences of sintering temperature and pressure, the content of reinforcement and other different technological conditions on the properties of the composites were investigated.
The results indicated that for the same silicon carbide particles, the effect of the Cu coating prepared by decomposition reaction method was better than that by reduction reaction method. In addition, as a result of the high-temperature oxidation, the edges of silicon carbide particles were passivated and a layer of silicon dioxide film was generated on the surface of silicon carbide particle. Consequently, SiCp/Cu composite powder can be obtained. The surface of silicon carbide particle which treated by alkaline wash after oxidation and acide dipping was cleaner and more rough than that only treated by high-temperture oxidation, moreover, the specific surface of the particle was increased, which resulted in a compact layer of Cu coating. The properties such as relative density, microhardness, bending strength and wear resistance of SiCp(Cu)/Fe composites which fabricated by spark plasma sintering achieved to the best level under 950℃and 25MPa. In addition, with the increase of the SiCp(Cu) content, these properties first increased then decreased. And the best properties were obtained at the content of 6wt.%, the relative density was 99.1%, the microhardness was 440.6HV, the bending strength was 689.2MPa and the abrasion loss was 1.099mg/m. Furthermore, the interface bonding strength between silicon carbide and iron matrix was improved due to the Cu coating on the surface of silicon carbide particles, which finally enhanced the comprehensive performance of the composites.
本文分别利用高温氧化、酸洗和碱洗工艺对SiC颗粒进行表面处理。并分别采用置换反应法和分解还原反应法在SiCp表面包裹一层Cu,用来改善SiCp和Fe之间的润湿性及物理化学相容性。根据粉末冶金法,分别利用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)和热压烧结(HP)两种工艺制备SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料。借助差热分析(DTA-TG)、X-(?)寸线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)、金相显微镜(OM)等技术分析了SiCp/Cu复合粉体和SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的显微组织和界面特征。利用阿基米德排水法、显微硬度计、三点弯曲法、磨损试验等方法研究了SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的性能特点和机理,考察了烧结温度、烧结压力、增强相含量以及其他因素对SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料性能的影响。
研究结果表明：对于相同的SiCp,采用分解还原反应法得到的复合粉体的包覆效果要优于置换反应法得到的复合粉体的包覆效果。高温氧化使SiC颗粒棱角钝化,同时在其表面生成一层Si02膜,可以得到包覆效果较好的SiCp/Cu复合粉体；经碱洗的SiC颗粒,表面更为干净且被粗化,同时颗粒比表面积增大,其颗粒表面有一层致密的Cu微晶,得到的复合粉体的包覆效果最好。采用放电等离子体烧结法制备SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料,其相对密度、显微硬度、抗弯湿度和耐磨性均在950℃烧结温度和25MPa烧结压力下达到最佳水平。同时,随着SiCp(Cu)含量的增加,复合材料的这几项性能均呈现而先增加后减小的趋势,其中SiCp(Cu)的加入量为6wt.%时,得到的SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料具有最优的性能,其相对密度为99.1%,显微硬度为440.6HV,抗弯强度为689.2MPa,磨损量为1.099mg/m。SiCp表面包裹的Cu改善了SiC颗粒与Fe基体的界面结合强度,使复合材料的综合性能得到了提高。
Silicon carbide is an ideal reinforced material for composites due to its advantages such as low price, high hardness, good resistance to wear and corrosion, etc. Iron, which has good strength and toughness, is one of the most commonly used metal materials in modern industry. The addition of the reinforced particles with low density, high strength and high rigidity into the iron matrix can reduce the density of the material as well as increase its elastic modulus, hardness, wear resistance and high-temperature performance. Thus, the combination of these two materials will bring a new metal matrix composite with low-cost, good comprehensive properties and high wear resistance.
In this study, surface treatment technique such as high-temperature oxidation, acid dipping and alkaline wash was adopted separately on silicon carbide particles. Replacement reaction method and decomposition-reduction reaction method were used to generate Cu coating on the surface of silicon carbide, which, in order to improve the wettability and physical and chemical compatibility between silicon carbide and iron. Based on the powder metallurgy method, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot-pressing sintering (HP) were used respectively in fabrication of SiCp(Cu)/Fe composite. The microstructure and the interface characteristics of SiCp/Cu composite powder and SiCp(Cu)/Fe composites were analyzed by means of DTA-TG, XRD, SEM, EDS, OM techniques and so on. Archimedes method, microhardness instrument, three point bending method and wear test method were used to study the properties and mechanism of SiCp(Cu)/Fe composites. The influences of sintering temperature and pressure, the content of reinforcement and other different technological conditions on the properties of the composites were investigated.
The results indicated that for the same silicon carbide particles, the effect of the Cu coating prepared by decomposition reaction method was better than that by reduction reaction method. In addition, as a result of the high-temperature oxidation, the edges of silicon carbide particles were passivated and a layer of silicon dioxide film was generated on the surface of silicon carbide particle. Consequently, SiCp/Cu composite powder can be obtained. The surface of silicon carbide particle which treated by alkaline wash after oxidation and acide dipping was cleaner and more rough than that only treated by high-temperture oxidation, moreover, the specific surface of the particle was increased, which resulted in a compact layer of Cu coating. The properties such as relative density, microhardness, bending strength and wear resistance of SiCp(Cu)/Fe composites which fabricated by spark plasma sintering achieved to the best level under 950℃and 25MPa. In addition, with the increase of the SiCp(Cu) content, these properties first increased then decreased. And the best properties were obtained at the content of 6wt.%, the relative density was 99.1%, the microhardness was 440.6HV, the bending strength was 689.2MPa and the abrasion loss was 1.099mg/m. Furthermore, the interface bonding strength between silicon carbide and iron matrix was improved due to the Cu coating on the surface of silicon carbide particles, which finally enhanced the comprehensive performance of the composites.
引文
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