服务协同的适配机制与方法研究
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摘要
作为全新的计算模式和体系架构,面向服务的计算(Service-Oriented Computing, SOC)和面向服务的体系架构(Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA)在设计、开发、使用等不同阶段影响并改变着现有的计算机软件与信息行业。随着Web服务的相关工业技术标准陆续出台以及诸多企业级产品的不断涌现,SOC已从概念演变为现实。
SOC将服务作为应用开发与提供解决方案的最基本元素,并通过服务重用达到构建分布式应用系统的目的。因而,保障服务之间的互操作性,实现快速、按需的重用是实践SOC的关键。但由于服务在开发阶段需求相对固定,无法预测并满足多变的应用需求,从而导致服务间的不兼容成为构建系统时的常见问题。研究服务适配技术,保证Web服务间不同层次的互操作性,成为构建SOC系统过程中一个迫切需要解决的问题。
本文从特征层和行为层两个Web服务标准规范较为完善的层次入手,研究Web服务的自动化及半自动化适配方法,保障Web服务间的互操作性。文章的主要工作与贡献包括如下四个方面：
1)研究了语义Web服务特征层适配问题,提出了基于本体对齐的Web服务特征层适配方法。Web服务特征层涵盖了数据类型、变量名称等在内的Web服务调用最基本信息,是保证服务重用的技术基础。本文主要针对语义Web服务适配过程中,不同本体间语义映射过程较慢且效率低下的问题,提出了一种快速抽取子本体的方法,缩小本体体积,提高本体对齐的准确率,从而达到提高Web服务特征层适配效率的目的。实验结果表明,该方法具有更快的适配速度和准确度。同时,针对部分Web服务不存在语义标注信息的问题,本文提出了从服务消息的XML Schema定义中提取OWL本体的方法,使普通Web服务也能利用语义信息提高适配准确率。
2)研究了Web服务的行为建模和兼容性判定问题,提出了基于线性逻辑的服务行为模型和兼容度计算方法。Web服务流程能够处理复杂事件以满足企业灵活多变的业务需求。服务流程行为指服务消息的收发顺序以及流程内部的逻辑结构,是实现业务逻辑的关键。为满足服务兼容性判定和行为适配的需求,本文以WS-BPEL规范为基础,建立了一整套基于线性逻辑服务行为模型。相较于现有的服务行为形式化模型,该模型具有命题求解的能力以及资源敏感属性,能够更好的满足服务适配需求。针对现有服务行为兼容性判定标准场景简单、封闭的问题,本文以一个目标服务与多个环境服务为协同场景,在行为路径与环境行为兼容性判定的基础上,给出多种服务行为兼容性定义和判定方法,并给出连续的服务兼容度计算方法。该方法符合开放计算环境下服务协同特点,更为细致的描述了服务间行为的契合程度。
3)研究了Web服务行为层适配问题,提出了基于命题求解的Web服务流程自动行为适配方法。由于面向服务架构的松耦合特性,服务流程之间会因为消息收发顺序的不一致而产生行为失配问题。本文提出基于线性逻辑命题求解的服务流程自动行为适配方法,通过适配器规范和适配目标定义,将适配器生成转化为逻辑命题求解,以逻辑系统命题求解结果判断服务流程能否被适配。以此为核心,本文提出了完整的服务行为适配流程,通过调用环境服务生成缺失消息,解决现有自动化行为适配方法无法解决的死锁问题。同时,利用线性逻辑资源敏感的特性,保证适配过程中非功能性约束得以满足。此外,本文还提出了将Pi演算嵌入线性逻辑表达式的方法,并对直觉线性逻辑的推导规则进行了相应的改造,从而实现从证明求解过程中直接提取适配器。
4)研究了Web服务适配的系统框架,设计并实现了Web服务适配原型系统。Web服务原型系统框架刻画了实现Web服务适配所需的主要组件及其各自的功能。结合现有的JTangSC服务社区、JTangSynergy企业服务总线以及JTangIDE集成开发环境,设计和实现了Web服务适配系统原型。
As brand new computation paradigm and system architecture, Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) begin to change the software industry and information technology. They have made a profound impact on the software design and development. As Web service related industry standards and products begin to emerge, the transformation of SOC from concept to reality is underway.
SOC uses services as the basic building blocks of application development. Through service reuse, new distributed systems are created. Consequently, the key to SOC practice is making sure the interoperability among services. But since the requirement of a service is relatively stable, it cannot deal with its ever changing environment. Thus, incompatibilities among services are becoming overwhelming. Study service adaptation technique and ensure the interoperability among deferent services has become a pressing concern when practicing SOC.
We start from the signature and behavior level of web services, study the (semi-)automatic adaptation methods. The main work and contributions of this paper includes tlte; following4aspects.
First, we study the signature level adaptation technique and propose an ontology alignment based adaptation method. Web service signature describes the basic invocation information, such as data types, variable names, etc. We make use of the semantic web technology and propose an efficient sub-ontology extraction method. This method significantly improves the ontology alignment result between deferent ontologies. Experiments are conducted to verify the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
Secondly, we propose a linear logic based behavior model and compatibility verification and computation method. Web service processes can deal with more complex events and satisfy more demanding business requirements. The behavior of a service process refers to the order of messages, in which they are sent and expected by this service. We've developed a method to convert WS-BPEL processes into linear logic expressions to better serve the needs of service compatibility verification and behavior adaptation. We've also improved the scenario, in which behaviour compatibility is defined and verified, and presented the methods for compatibility degree computation.
Thirdly, we propose an automated service process adaptation method based on linear logic theorom proving. Due to the loosly coupled nature of SOA, the deferences among the order of messages may cause behavour mismatches. We ultilize the deducation power of linear logic and define adaptation specification and adaptation target, which specify the ablitiy of the adapter and the functional and non-functional constraints of the adaptation process. We propose the use of backgournd services to resovle deadlocks between service processes, which are currently considered as unsolvable by automated method. We've also proposed an intergration of Pi calculus and linear logic to achieve direct extraction of adapters for linear logic solutions.
Last, propose a system framework for service adaptation, WSAF, and its prototype implementation. WSAF describes all the mandatory components and their functions. With integration to the enterprise service bus, JTangSyngergy, we have implemented a prototype for WSAF.
SOC将服务作为应用开发与提供解决方案的最基本元素,并通过服务重用达到构建分布式应用系统的目的。因而,保障服务之间的互操作性,实现快速、按需的重用是实践SOC的关键。但由于服务在开发阶段需求相对固定,无法预测并满足多变的应用需求,从而导致服务间的不兼容成为构建系统时的常见问题。研究服务适配技术,保证Web服务间不同层次的互操作性,成为构建SOC系统过程中一个迫切需要解决的问题。
本文从特征层和行为层两个Web服务标准规范较为完善的层次入手,研究Web服务的自动化及半自动化适配方法,保障Web服务间的互操作性。文章的主要工作与贡献包括如下四个方面：
1)研究了语义Web服务特征层适配问题,提出了基于本体对齐的Web服务特征层适配方法。Web服务特征层涵盖了数据类型、变量名称等在内的Web服务调用最基本信息,是保证服务重用的技术基础。本文主要针对语义Web服务适配过程中,不同本体间语义映射过程较慢且效率低下的问题,提出了一种快速抽取子本体的方法,缩小本体体积,提高本体对齐的准确率,从而达到提高Web服务特征层适配效率的目的。实验结果表明,该方法具有更快的适配速度和准确度。同时,针对部分Web服务不存在语义标注信息的问题,本文提出了从服务消息的XML Schema定义中提取OWL本体的方法,使普通Web服务也能利用语义信息提高适配准确率。
2)研究了Web服务的行为建模和兼容性判定问题,提出了基于线性逻辑的服务行为模型和兼容度计算方法。Web服务流程能够处理复杂事件以满足企业灵活多变的业务需求。服务流程行为指服务消息的收发顺序以及流程内部的逻辑结构,是实现业务逻辑的关键。为满足服务兼容性判定和行为适配的需求,本文以WS-BPEL规范为基础,建立了一整套基于线性逻辑服务行为模型。相较于现有的服务行为形式化模型,该模型具有命题求解的能力以及资源敏感属性,能够更好的满足服务适配需求。针对现有服务行为兼容性判定标准场景简单、封闭的问题,本文以一个目标服务与多个环境服务为协同场景,在行为路径与环境行为兼容性判定的基础上,给出多种服务行为兼容性定义和判定方法,并给出连续的服务兼容度计算方法。该方法符合开放计算环境下服务协同特点,更为细致的描述了服务间行为的契合程度。
3)研究了Web服务行为层适配问题,提出了基于命题求解的Web服务流程自动行为适配方法。由于面向服务架构的松耦合特性,服务流程之间会因为消息收发顺序的不一致而产生行为失配问题。本文提出基于线性逻辑命题求解的服务流程自动行为适配方法,通过适配器规范和适配目标定义,将适配器生成转化为逻辑命题求解,以逻辑系统命题求解结果判断服务流程能否被适配。以此为核心,本文提出了完整的服务行为适配流程,通过调用环境服务生成缺失消息,解决现有自动化行为适配方法无法解决的死锁问题。同时,利用线性逻辑资源敏感的特性,保证适配过程中非功能性约束得以满足。此外,本文还提出了将Pi演算嵌入线性逻辑表达式的方法,并对直觉线性逻辑的推导规则进行了相应的改造,从而实现从证明求解过程中直接提取适配器。
4)研究了Web服务适配的系统框架,设计并实现了Web服务适配原型系统。Web服务原型系统框架刻画了实现Web服务适配所需的主要组件及其各自的功能。结合现有的JTangSC服务社区、JTangSynergy企业服务总线以及JTangIDE集成开发环境,设计和实现了Web服务适配系统原型。
As brand new computation paradigm and system architecture, Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) begin to change the software industry and information technology. They have made a profound impact on the software design and development. As Web service related industry standards and products begin to emerge, the transformation of SOC from concept to reality is underway.
SOC uses services as the basic building blocks of application development. Through service reuse, new distributed systems are created. Consequently, the key to SOC practice is making sure the interoperability among services. But since the requirement of a service is relatively stable, it cannot deal with its ever changing environment. Thus, incompatibilities among services are becoming overwhelming. Study service adaptation technique and ensure the interoperability among deferent services has become a pressing concern when practicing SOC.
We start from the signature and behavior level of web services, study the (semi-)automatic adaptation methods. The main work and contributions of this paper includes tlte; following4aspects.
First, we study the signature level adaptation technique and propose an ontology alignment based adaptation method. Web service signature describes the basic invocation information, such as data types, variable names, etc. We make use of the semantic web technology and propose an efficient sub-ontology extraction method. This method significantly improves the ontology alignment result between deferent ontologies. Experiments are conducted to verify the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
Secondly, we propose a linear logic based behavior model and compatibility verification and computation method. Web service processes can deal with more complex events and satisfy more demanding business requirements. The behavior of a service process refers to the order of messages, in which they are sent and expected by this service. We've developed a method to convert WS-BPEL processes into linear logic expressions to better serve the needs of service compatibility verification and behavior adaptation. We've also improved the scenario, in which behaviour compatibility is defined and verified, and presented the methods for compatibility degree computation.
Thirdly, we propose an automated service process adaptation method based on linear logic theorom proving. Due to the loosly coupled nature of SOA, the deferences among the order of messages may cause behavour mismatches. We ultilize the deducation power of linear logic and define adaptation specification and adaptation target, which specify the ablitiy of the adapter and the functional and non-functional constraints of the adaptation process. We propose the use of backgournd services to resovle deadlocks between service processes, which are currently considered as unsolvable by automated method. We've also proposed an intergration of Pi calculus and linear logic to achieve direct extraction of adapters for linear logic solutions.
Last, propose a system framework for service adaptation, WSAF, and its prototype implementation. WSAF describes all the mandatory components and their functions. With integration to the enterprise service bus, JTangSyngergy, we have implemented a prototype for WSAF.
引文
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