弹道中段目标极化特性和特征提取研究
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摘要
极化特征是雷达目标识别领域的重要特征之一,在弹道中段目标特征提取和识别中具有巨大的应用潜力,本文对弹道中段目标的极化特性和特征提取问题分别进行了富有成效的研究。在对雷达目标宽窄带回波分析的基础上,本文系统深入地研究了弹道中段目标的极化特性、极化特征提取和优选等问题。具体研究内容包括极化特性分析、极化特征提取和优选两个方面:
在弹道中段目标的极化特性分析方面,(1)针对弹道中段目标的动态全极化宽窄带雷达回波获取问题,分别对弹头的宏观运动特性和微观进动特性进行建模,建立了弹道中段目标的宽窄带雷达回波模型,给出了弹道中段目标动态全极化宽窄带雷达回波仿真方案,得到了典型战情下目标的宽窄带回波序列。(2)针对弹道中段目标的极化特性分析问题,采用时变、动态的观点重新审视其极化散射特性,利用时变极化散射矩阵分析了四类仿弹头目标的窄带极化相关特性和宽带极化相关特性。通过实验,对弹道中段目标极化特性的不同侧面分别进行了定性和定量的描述。
在弹道中段目标的极化特征提取和优选方面,(1)利用真弹头和仿弹头诱饵的微运动特性差异对目标回波的调制作用,提出了一种基于时间熵特征H t /? t的弹道中段目标鉴别方法。仿真实验表明,在一定的信噪比下,该方法可有效、稳健的识别真弹头和仿弹头诱饵;(2)针对极化特征优选问题,预选了物理意义清晰的五个窄带极化不变量和四组宽带极化特征,利用仿真实验数据分析了各极化特征对不同弹道目标的可分性,并比较了窄带极化特征和宽带极化特征的可分性差异。通过实验,优选了宽窄带极化特征;(3)构建了基于极化特征的弹道中段目标识别仿真系统,利用优选的极化特征对不同弹道目标进行识别。实验结果表明,在先验信息给定的情况下,该系统可有效、稳健地识别不同弹道目标,验证了特征优选结果的正确性和有效性。
本文的研究成果有助于提高弹道导弹攻防背景下导弹防御雷达的目标识别能力,对防御雷达目标识别系统构建提供一定的借鉴和参考。
Polarization characteristic is one important property in the field of radar target recognition and has great potential in the domain of feature extraction and recognition. In this paper, the polarization characteristic of midcourse target and its feature extraction are widely researched. Based on the analysis of radar target’s narrowband and wideband echoes, the paper studies the polarization characteristics of midcourse target, polarization feature extraction and optimization. The detailed content includes the analysis of polarization characteristic, the feature extraction and optimization.
In the aspect of midcourse target’s polarization characteristic analysis, the following problems have been included: (1)Aimed to the calculation of dynamic full-polarization radar echoes of spatial targets, the movement of midcourse target is modeled. The model includes the macroscopic movement of warhead’s centroid and the precession of warhead. Then the whole midcourse movement is simulated. After that we generate the narrowband and broadband echoes of the giving situation; (2)For the analysis of polarization characteristic, a time-varying and dynamic viewpoint has been leading-in to re-examine the polarization scattering matrix. With the use of time-varying polarization scattering matrix, the narrowband and broadband polarization correlation property of four warhead-similar targets have been analysed. Through the experiment, the qualitative and quantitative description are carried out in the different aspects of midcourse target’s polarization characteristics.
In the aspect of midcourse target’s polarization feature extraction and optimization, the other three problems have been studied: (1)Based on the different motion characteristics between warheads and decoys, an approach for identification of midcourse target has been proposed, where we calculate the time-entropy H t and the average scattering angle ? t. Simulation results show that the method can identify the warheads and decoys effectively and robustly in a certain SNR; (2)For the optimization of polarization features, a group of narrow-band polarization invariant features and four sets of wideband polarization features with clear physical-meaning are preselected. With the use of simulation data, the separability of target polarization features is analysed, and the separability of the narrowband and broadband polarization features are compared. In the foundation of the experiment, the polarization features are optimized; (3)A target recognition simulation system is built based on the optimal polarization features. The results show that the system can identify the different midcourse targets effectively and robustly with the prior-information given, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the optimization results.
The research helps to improve radar’s capability of target recognition under the background of missile countermeasure, and also provides a reference for the design of radar target identification system.
在弹道中段目标的极化特性分析方面,(1)针对弹道中段目标的动态全极化宽窄带雷达回波获取问题,分别对弹头的宏观运动特性和微观进动特性进行建模,建立了弹道中段目标的宽窄带雷达回波模型,给出了弹道中段目标动态全极化宽窄带雷达回波仿真方案,得到了典型战情下目标的宽窄带回波序列。(2)针对弹道中段目标的极化特性分析问题,采用时变、动态的观点重新审视其极化散射特性,利用时变极化散射矩阵分析了四类仿弹头目标的窄带极化相关特性和宽带极化相关特性。通过实验,对弹道中段目标极化特性的不同侧面分别进行了定性和定量的描述。
在弹道中段目标的极化特征提取和优选方面,(1)利用真弹头和仿弹头诱饵的微运动特性差异对目标回波的调制作用,提出了一种基于时间熵特征H t /? t的弹道中段目标鉴别方法。仿真实验表明,在一定的信噪比下,该方法可有效、稳健的识别真弹头和仿弹头诱饵;(2)针对极化特征优选问题,预选了物理意义清晰的五个窄带极化不变量和四组宽带极化特征,利用仿真实验数据分析了各极化特征对不同弹道目标的可分性,并比较了窄带极化特征和宽带极化特征的可分性差异。通过实验,优选了宽窄带极化特征;(3)构建了基于极化特征的弹道中段目标识别仿真系统,利用优选的极化特征对不同弹道目标进行识别。实验结果表明,在先验信息给定的情况下,该系统可有效、稳健地识别不同弹道目标,验证了特征优选结果的正确性和有效性。
本文的研究成果有助于提高弹道导弹攻防背景下导弹防御雷达的目标识别能力,对防御雷达目标识别系统构建提供一定的借鉴和参考。
Polarization characteristic is one important property in the field of radar target recognition and has great potential in the domain of feature extraction and recognition. In this paper, the polarization characteristic of midcourse target and its feature extraction are widely researched. Based on the analysis of radar target’s narrowband and wideband echoes, the paper studies the polarization characteristics of midcourse target, polarization feature extraction and optimization. The detailed content includes the analysis of polarization characteristic, the feature extraction and optimization.
In the aspect of midcourse target’s polarization characteristic analysis, the following problems have been included: (1)Aimed to the calculation of dynamic full-polarization radar echoes of spatial targets, the movement of midcourse target is modeled. The model includes the macroscopic movement of warhead’s centroid and the precession of warhead. Then the whole midcourse movement is simulated. After that we generate the narrowband and broadband echoes of the giving situation; (2)For the analysis of polarization characteristic, a time-varying and dynamic viewpoint has been leading-in to re-examine the polarization scattering matrix. With the use of time-varying polarization scattering matrix, the narrowband and broadband polarization correlation property of four warhead-similar targets have been analysed. Through the experiment, the qualitative and quantitative description are carried out in the different aspects of midcourse target’s polarization characteristics.
In the aspect of midcourse target’s polarization feature extraction and optimization, the other three problems have been studied: (1)Based on the different motion characteristics between warheads and decoys, an approach for identification of midcourse target has been proposed, where we calculate the time-entropy H t and the average scattering angle ? t. Simulation results show that the method can identify the warheads and decoys effectively and robustly in a certain SNR; (2)For the optimization of polarization features, a group of narrow-band polarization invariant features and four sets of wideband polarization features with clear physical-meaning are preselected. With the use of simulation data, the separability of target polarization features is analysed, and the separability of the narrowband and broadband polarization features are compared. In the foundation of the experiment, the polarization features are optimized; (3)A target recognition simulation system is built based on the optimal polarization features. The results show that the system can identify the different midcourse targets effectively and robustly with the prior-information given, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the optimization results.
The research helps to improve radar’s capability of target recognition under the background of missile countermeasure, and also provides a reference for the design of radar target identification system.
引文
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